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Social 30-1 > Related Issue 2: Part 1 > Flashcards

Related Issue 2: Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the principles of individualism?

A 
Rule of Law
Individual Rights and Freedoms
Private Property
Economic Freedom
Self-Interest
Competition
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2
Q

What did Philosophers write about during the Age of Enlightenment?

A

The importance of the individual and that each individual mattered.
Reason should be the source of knowledge

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3
Q

What did Europe experience that caused the age of enlightenment?

A

A scientific revolution that produced many scientists and mathematicians

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4
Q

What did Thomas Hobbes believe in?

A

Individualism is a problem

Individuals should surrender their rights to a monarch

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5
Q

What did John Locke believe in?

A

All people were created equal and had natural rights
The government should not interfere in man’s activities
Believed in representative democracy

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6
Q

What did Rousseau believe?

A

Citizens should make laws directly

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7
Q

What did Montesquieu believe?

A

The government should have 3 equal levels

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8
Q

Whose ideas helped influence the American governmental system?

A

Montesquieu

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9
Q

What did Voltaire believe?

A

He believed in religious tolerance and freedom of thought

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10
Q

What ideology did the rise of individualism give?

A

Liberalism

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11
Q

What are the political aspects of Liberalism?

A

All members of society have the same legal rights and freedoms

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12
Q

What are the economic aspects of Liberalism?

A

Individuals rights to property and the removement of government control in market

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13
Q

What are the social aspects of Liberalism?

A

Individuals are the basis of society and should be treated as equals

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14
Q

What is the Great Law of Peace?

A

A law created by the Haudenosaunee confederacy that allows them to live in harmony and in unity

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15
Q

What removed American colonies from the rule Britain?

A

The declaration of independence

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16
Q

What did the declaration of independence do?

A

It legally recognized the rights of individuals

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17
Q

What became the French national motto and why?

A

“Liberte, eqalite, fraternite” This became the motto during the revolution of the middle class for more rights and freedom

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18
Q

What was the Declaration of Rights and Man?

A

The declaration of rights for french people after the revolution which took away the absolute monarch d gave rights to citizens

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19
Q

What was the Declaration of Independence and the Rights of Man based on?

A

The ideas of enlightenment thinkers such as Locke, Rousseau, and Montesquieu

20
Q

What did revolutions in France and the USA contribute to?

A

Political expressions of liberalism

21
Q

What is the open feudal system?

A

Cooperative plowing
Conserved quality of land
Balanced distribution of good land
Farmers were all part of a team

22
Q

What was the traditional economy based on?

A

The open field system of agriculture

23
Q

What was the newer agriculture like?

A

In the enclosure system each landowner received a single piece of property and there was no common land

24
Q

How did the Enclosure act benefit large landowners?

A

Land owners could own large plots of land under this system

Didn’t need consent of the village to experiment with new crop methods

25
Q

How were small landowners affected by the enclosure act?

A

They had to pay for fencing
Required a team of oxen
Could no longer gather wood
They were forced to sell land and rent

26
Q

What is urbanization?

A

After the enclosure act, many people were forced to move into cities to find work

27
Q

What were the effects of the agricultural revolution?

A 
There was increased agricultural production
Cost of food dropped
Increased food production
Scientific methods increased
Small farms declined
Machines performed labour
28
Q

What is Mercantilism?

A

When a country’s economy is controlled by the monarch that takes goods from the colony. Then they sell goods from the colony back to the colony

29
Q

What started the Laissez-Faire economy?

A

The enclosure acts
Industrial revolution
Physiocrats

30
Q

What does Adam Smith believe?

A

He rejects mercantilism and proposes a free Market economy w/ out government interference. People should act in their own self interest

31
Q

Who did Adam Smith want to benefit?

A

Society as a whole, rather than just a small portion

32
Q

Who believed in the Invisible hand that dictated the economy?

A

Adam Smith

33
Q

What did John Stuart Mill believe?

A

He want to allow individual rights by limiting the role of the govt

34
Q

What did classical liberals believe the role of the government was?

A

Reserve the rule of law
Protect private property
Ensure the security of the individual

35
Q

What did John Stuart Mill not believe in?

A

Laws that restricted freedom because of what might be. Laws that prevent actions before they happen

36
Q

What did the enclosure acts force?

A

Urbanization

37
Q

Why was Britain the best place for the industrial revolution?

A

Their colonies around the world supplied raw materials
Powerful navy facilitated trade
Waterways provided transportation
Private investors funded
Coal and iron deposits provided resources

38
Q

What are the means of production?

A

Land - Natural resources
Labour - Human labour
Capital - Money, equipment, investments

39
Q

What was a trigger industry of the industrial revolution?

A

Weaving

40
Q

What was the impact on classes of the industrial revolution?

A 
The middle class grew, creating the new rich
Money began to replace land as a source of wealth
41
Q

What are the benefits of the industrial and agricultural revolution?

A

More basic needs were available
Prices decreased
Living conditions improved
New businesses were created

42
Q

What were the problems caused by the industrial revolution?

A

The new rich gained power on the backs of the poor
Wages were so low
There was a gap between the rich and poor
Women and children worked in factories
Factories were dirty
Machines were highly regarded than workers

43
Q

What were the problems caused by the industrial revolution? Pt. 2

A 
No safety for workers
Employment was uncertain
Mechanization replaced human labour
Cities were growing faster than infrastructure
Workers lived in slums
44
Q

What were the short term effects of Classical Liberalism?

A 
Increase in private property
End of mercantile system
New classes
Documents that protect rights
Growth of ideas
Expansion of ideas
45
Q

What was the new economic system of classical liberalism?

A

Laissez-Faire capitalism. Reduced govt intervention

46
Q

What were long term effects of classical liberal ideas?

A

Recognition of rights
Restructuring of classes
Industrial growth

Social 30-1 (20 decks)

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