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Social 30-1 > Related Issue 2: Part 1 > Flashcards

Related Issue 2: Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the principles of individualism?

A 
Rule of Law
Individual Rights and Freedoms
Private Property
Economic Freedom
Self-Interest
Competition
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2
Q

What did Philosophers write about during the Age of Enlightenment?

A

The importance of the individual and that each individual mattered.
Reason should be the source of knowledge

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3
Q

What did Europe experience that caused the age of enlightenment?

A

A scientific revolution that produced many scientists and mathematicians

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4
Q

What did Thomas Hobbes believe in?

A

Individualism is a problem

Individuals should surrender their rights to a monarch

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5
Q

What did John Locke believe in?

A

All people were created equal and had natural rights
The government should not interfere in man’s activities
Believed in representative democracy

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6
Q

What did Rousseau believe?

A

Citizens should make laws directly

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7
Q

What did Montesquieu believe?

A

The government should have 3 equal levels

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8
Q

Whose ideas helped influence the American governmental system?

A

Montesquieu

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9
Q

What did Voltaire believe?

A

He believed in religious tolerance and freedom of thought

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10
Q

What ideology did the rise of individualism give?

A

Liberalism

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11
Q

What are the political aspects of Liberalism?

A

All members of society have the same legal rights and freedoms

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12
Q

What are the economic aspects of Liberalism?

A

Individuals rights to property and the removement of government control in market

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13
Q

What are the social aspects of Liberalism?

A

Individuals are the basis of society and should be treated as equals

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14
Q

What is the Great Law of Peace?

A

A law created by the Haudenosaunee confederacy that allows them to live in harmony and in unity

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15
Q

What removed American colonies from the rule Britain?

A

The declaration of independence

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16
Q

What did the declaration of independence do?

A

It legally recognized the rights of individuals

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17
Q

What became the French national motto and why?

A

“Liberte, eqalite, fraternite” This became the motto during the revolution of the middle class for more rights and freedom

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18
Q

What was the Declaration of Rights and Man?

A

The declaration of rights for french people after the revolution which took away the absolute monarch d gave rights to citizens

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19
Q

What was the Declaration of Independence and the Rights of Man based on?

A

The ideas of enlightenment thinkers such as Locke, Rousseau, and Montesquieu

20
Q

What did revolutions in France and the USA contribute to?

A

Political expressions of liberalism

21
Q

What is the open feudal system?

A

Cooperative plowing
Conserved quality of land
Balanced distribution of good land
Farmers were all part of a team

22
Q

What was the traditional economy based on?

A

The open field system of agriculture

23
Q

What was the newer agriculture like?

A

In the enclosure system each landowner received a single piece of property and there was no common land

24
Q

How did the Enclosure act benefit large landowners?

A

Land owners could own large plots of land under this system

Didn’t need consent of the village to experiment with new crop methods

25
How were small landowners affected by the enclosure act?
They had to pay for fencing Required a team of oxen Could no longer gather wood They were forced to sell land and rent
26
What is urbanization?
After the enclosure act, many people were forced to move into cities to find work
27
What were the effects of the agricultural revolution?
``` There was increased agricultural production Cost of food dropped Increased food production Scientific methods increased Small farms declined Machines performed labour ```
28
What is Mercantilism?
When a country's economy is controlled by the monarch that takes goods from the colony. Then they sell goods from the colony back to the colony
29
What started the Laissez-Faire economy?
The enclosure acts Industrial revolution Physiocrats
30
What does Adam Smith believe?
He rejects mercantilism and proposes a free Market economy w/ out government interference. People should act in their own self interest
31
Who did Adam Smith want to benefit?
Society as a whole, rather than just a small portion
32
Who believed in the Invisible hand that dictated the economy?
Adam Smith
33
What did John Stuart Mill believe?
He want to allow individual rights by limiting the role of the govt
34
What did classical liberals believe the role of the government was?
Reserve the rule of law Protect private property Ensure the security of the individual
35
What did John Stuart Mill not believe in?
Laws that restricted freedom because of what might be. Laws that prevent actions before they happen
36
What did the enclosure acts force?
Urbanization
37
Why was Britain the best place for the industrial revolution?
Their colonies around the world supplied raw materials Powerful navy facilitated trade Waterways provided transportation Private investors funded Coal and iron deposits provided resources
38
What are the means of production?
Land - Natural resources Labour - Human labour Capital - Money, equipment, investments
39
What was a trigger industry of the industrial revolution?
Weaving
40
What was the impact on classes of the industrial revolution?
``` The middle class grew, creating the new rich Money began to replace land as a source of wealth ```
41
What are the benefits of the industrial and agricultural revolution?
More basic needs were available Prices decreased Living conditions improved New businesses were created
42
What were the problems caused by the industrial revolution?
The new rich gained power on the backs of the poor Wages were so low There was a gap between the rich and poor Women and children worked in factories Factories were dirty Machines were highly regarded than workers
43
What were the problems caused by the industrial revolution? Pt. 2
``` No safety for workers Employment was uncertain Mechanization replaced human labour Cities were growing faster than infrastructure Workers lived in slums ```
44
What were the short term effects of Classical Liberalism?
``` Increase in private property End of mercantile system New classes Documents that protect rights Growth of ideas Expansion of ideas ```
45
What was the new economic system of classical liberalism?
Laissez-Faire capitalism. Reduced govt intervention
46
What were long term effects of classical liberal ideas?
Recognition of rights Restructuring of classes Industrial growth

Social 30-1 (20 decks)

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