Regulation of blood flow and blood pressure

Question 1

blood pressure is the pressure exerted by the blood on what

Answer 1

luminal vessel wall

Question 2

tight regulation of blood pressure is essential for optimal delivery of

Answer 2

oxygen and nutrients to target tissues

Question 3

when a blood vessel exhibits a wider diameter what does this do to the blood pressure

Answer 3

lower blood pressure

Question 4

when a blood vessel exhibits a narrow blood vessel what does this do to the blood pressure

Answer 4

higher blood pressure

Question 5

where is there usually greater blood pressure

Answer 5

large systemic arteries

Question 6

in large systemic arteries where does pressure reduce

Answer 6

with increasing number of vessels

Question 7

where is the lowest pressure

Answer 7

larger systemic veins

Question 8

how many main layers are there in arteries and arterioles

Answer 8

3

Question 9

what are the three main layers in arteries and arterioles

Answer 9

intima
media
adventitia

I
Must
Arrive

Question 10

veins lack what

Answer 10

elastic layers

Question 11

what do veins have that prevent backflow

Answer 11

valves

Question 12

what are the three main layers in veins

Answer 12

Intima
Media
Adventitia

Question 13

endothelial cells possess specific functions depending on what

Answer 13

tissues and organs

Question 14

how many key players in the hormonal regulation of vascular tone

Answer 14

4

Question 15

what are the 4 main hormones that are used in regulation of vasculature tone

Answer 15

Nitric oxide
EDHF
Endothelin-1
Ang II

Question 16

nitric oxide and EDHF cause what

Answer 16

vasodilation

Question 17

Endothelin-1 and Ang II cause what

Answer 17

Vasoconstriction

Question 18

Endothelial cell are capable of producing

Answer 18

Nitric Oxide

Question 19

What did EDHF used to be called

Answer 19

Vasoactive hormone gas

Question 20

production of GPCR is stimulated by what

Answer 20

GPCR

Question 21

Nitric Oxide causes smooth muscle what

Answer 21

relaxation

Question 22

the endothelium regulates vasoconstriction via what

Answer 22

endothelin-1

Question 23

Endothelin-1 inhibits what

Answer 23

eNOS

Question 24

where is Ang II produced

Answer 24

in liver as angiotensinogen

Question 25

atherosclerosis is the process of what

Answer 25

progressive thickening and hardening of medium to large sized arteries as a result of fat deposition on their inner lining

Question 26

how many stages are there in atherosclerosis

Answer 26

5

Question 27

what are the 5 stages in atherosclerosis

Answer 27

1. endothelial dysfunction 2. immune cell infiltration 3. fatty streak 4. young plaque 5. unstable plaque Everyone Is Fucking You Up

Question 28

cell permeability becomes _____ in atherosclerosis

Answer 28

leaky

Question 29

how many biomarkers are there in atherosclerosis

Answer 29

2 E/P selectin

Question 30

what is known as a yellow fatty streak on vessel lumen

Answer 30

LDL

Question 31

what are foam cells

Answer 31

young plaque -

Question 32

when foam cells cluster what do they create

Answer 32

hypoxic central core

Question 33

when there is a hypoxic central core what happens

Answer 33

it becomes necrotic

Question 34

what happens when the plaque becomes unstable

Answer 34

calcification ( feels bone like)