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yr 3 > Ogenesis, spermatogenesis, fertilisation, and implantation > Flashcards

Ogenesis, spermatogenesis, fertilisation, and implantation Flashcards

1
Q

where is testosterone produced

A

leydig cells

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2
Q

list 2 of the effects before birth testosterone has

A

masculinises reproductive tract and external genitalia
promotes descent of testes into the scrotum

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3
Q

list secondary sexual characteristics caused by testosterone

A

induces characteristic male pattern of hair growth
enlarges larynx
thickens skin
causes male body shape

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4
Q

what does testosterone do to the epiphyseal plates

A

closes them

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5
Q

where is sperm produced

A

seminiferous tubules

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6
Q

what types of cells support spermatogenesis

A

sertoli cells

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7
Q

recite the stages of sperm production in sertoli cells

A

spermatogonium
primary spermatocyte
secondary spermatocyte
spermatid
spermatozoa

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8
Q

what hormone is required for both stages (mitotic and meiotic)

A

testosterone

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9
Q

how many chromosomes does a primary spermatocyte have

A

46

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10
Q

ow many chromosomes does a secondary spermatocyte have

A

23

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11
Q

how many chromosones does a spermatid have

A

23

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12
Q

in what stage are spermatids produced

A

2nd meiotic division

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13
Q

in what stage are secondary spermatocytes produced

A

1st meiotic division

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14
Q

in what stage are primary spermatocytes produced

A

mitotic division

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15
Q

what hormone is required for the spermatids being converted to spermatozoa

A

FSH

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16
Q

what happens when spermatids are converted to spermatozoa

A

removal of unnecessary cellular components and rebuilding into specialised motile spermatozoa

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17
Q

what is the purpose of the acrosome

A

contains enzymes needed for penetration of the ovam

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18
Q

what cells are responsible for secretion of seminiferous tubule fluid

A

sertoli cells

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19
Q

what does inhibin do in spermatogenesis

A

regulates FSH secretion ( negative feedback loop)

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20
Q

what hormone rises in the menapause

A

FSH

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21
Q

what hormones fall in menapause

A

oestrogen, progesterone, and inhibin

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22
Q

what are the two phases in the ovarian cycle

A

follicular phase
luteal phase

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23
Q

in what phase does ovulation occur

A

follicular phase

24
Q

in what phase does the development of the corpus luteum occur

A

luteal phase

25
Q

until puberty 1^0 follicles degenerate into what

A

scar tissue (atresia)

26
Q

what does the follicular phase end with

A

ovulation

27
Q

follicular cells left behind after ovulation undergo what

A

leutanisation (transformation into corpus luteum)

28
Q

what hormones does the corpus luteum secrete

A

progesterone and oestrogen

29
Q

after ovulation how many days does the corpus luteum grow

A

8-9 days

30
Q

what forms if there is no fertilisation

A

corpus albicans

31
Q

what signals the start of a new follicular phase

A

degeneration of the corpus luteum

32
Q

if fertilisation occurs what hormones does the corpus luteum produce

A

oestrogen and progesterone

33
Q

what days does oestrogen exert negative feedback

A

1-12 days

34
Q

what days does oestrogen exert positive feedback

A

12-14 days

35
Q

what causes the LH surge

A

positive feedback from oestrogen

36
Q

without progesterone what happens to the uterine lining

A

sloughs off and then menstration occurs

37
Q

what is the route of sperm

A

testes
epidydmis
vas deferens
ejeaculatory duct
urethra

38
Q

freshly ejaculated sperm are not capable of ehat

A

fertilisation

39
Q

what needs to happen before sperm are capable of fertilisation

A

capacitation

40
Q

what happens when sperm go undergo capacitation

A

surface of sperm altered by removal of glycoprotein coat
tail movements become whip like
cAMP levels rise to promote acrosomal reactioon

41
Q

fertilising sperm penetrate what in the egg

A

penetrate the corona radiata

42
Q

what receptors do sperm bind to on the egg

A

ZP3

43
Q

where are the ZP3 receptors

A

zona pellucida

44
Q

binding to ZP3 triggers what

A

acrosome reaction

45
Q

the sperm nucleus enters where

A

ovum cytoplasm

46
Q

sperm stimulate release of what ion which inactivate ZP3

A

Ca2+

47
Q

what chemical is released from the ovum to attract sperm

A

allurin

48
Q

inactivation of the ZP3 receptors causes blocking of what

A

polyspermy

49
Q

what cells are present on the blastocyst

A

trophoblast

50
Q

how does the blastocyst implant on the uterine lining

A

cords of trophoblastic cells

51
Q

what are the single layer of cells surrounding the blastocyst

A

trophoblast

52
Q

how can you tell when implantation has finished

A

blastocyst is completely buried in the endometrium

53
Q

what is the placenta derived from

A

trophoblast and decidual tissue

54
Q

where is hCG produced from

A

blastocyst

55
Q

what does hCG do to the corpus luteum

A

prolongs life

56
Q

what triggers duct development

A

oestrogen

57
Q

what trtiggers lobule formation

A

progesterone

yr 3 (15 decks)

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