Ogenesis, spermatogenesis, fertilisation, and implantation

Question 1

where is testosterone produced

Answer 1

leydig cells

Question 2

list 2 of the effects before birth testosterone has

Answer 2

masculinises reproductive tract and external genitalia
promotes descent of testes into the scrotum

Question 3

list secondary sexual characteristics caused by testosterone

Answer 3

induces characteristic male pattern of hair growth
enlarges larynx
thickens skin
causes male body shape

Question 4

what does testosterone do to the epiphyseal plates

Answer 4

closes them

Question 5

where is sperm produced

Answer 5

seminiferous tubules

Question 6

what types of cells support spermatogenesis

Answer 6

sertoli cells

Question 7

recite the stages of sperm production in sertoli cells

Answer 7

spermatogonium
primary spermatocyte
secondary spermatocyte
spermatid
spermatozoa

Question 8

what hormone is required for both stages (mitotic and meiotic)

Answer 8

testosterone

Question 9

how many chromosomes does a primary spermatocyte have

Answer 9

46

Question 10

ow many chromosomes does a secondary spermatocyte have

Answer 10

23

Question 11

how many chromosones does a spermatid have

Answer 11

23

Question 12

in what stage are spermatids produced

Answer 12

2nd meiotic division

Question 13

in what stage are secondary spermatocytes produced

Answer 13

1st meiotic division

Question 14

in what stage are primary spermatocytes produced

Answer 14

mitotic division

Question 15

what hormone is required for the spermatids being converted to spermatozoa

Answer 15

FSH

Question 16

what happens when spermatids are converted to spermatozoa

Answer 16

removal of unnecessary cellular components and rebuilding into specialised motile spermatozoa

Question 17

what is the purpose of the acrosome

Answer 17

contains enzymes needed for penetration of the ovam

Question 18

what cells are responsible for secretion of seminiferous tubule fluid

Answer 18

sertoli cells

Question 19

what does inhibin do in spermatogenesis

Answer 19

regulates FSH secretion ( negative feedback loop)

Question 20

what hormone rises in the menapause

Answer 20

FSH

Question 21

what hormones fall in menapause

Answer 21

oestrogen, progesterone, and inhibin

Question 22

what are the two phases in the ovarian cycle

Answer 22

follicular phase
luteal phase

Question 23

in what phase does ovulation occur

Answer 23

follicular phase

Question 24

in what phase does the development of the corpus luteum occur

Answer 24

luteal phase

Question 25

until puberty 1^0 follicles degenerate into what

Answer 25

scar tissue (atresia)

Question 26

what does the follicular phase end with

Answer 26

ovulation

Question 27

follicular cells left behind after ovulation undergo what

Answer 27

leutanisation (transformation into corpus luteum)

Question 28

what hormones does the corpus luteum secrete

Answer 28

progesterone and oestrogen

Question 29

after ovulation how many days does the corpus luteum grow

Answer 29

8-9 days

Question 30

what forms if there is no fertilisation

Answer 30

corpus albicans

Question 31

what signals the start of a new follicular phase

Answer 31

degeneration of the corpus luteum

Question 32

if fertilisation occurs what hormones does the corpus luteum produce

Answer 32

oestrogen and progesterone

Question 33

what days does oestrogen exert negative feedback

Answer 33

1-12 days

Question 34

what days does oestrogen exert positive feedback

Answer 34

12-14 days

Question 35

what causes the LH surge

Answer 35

positive feedback from oestrogen

Question 36

without progesterone what happens to the uterine lining

Answer 36

sloughs off and then menstration occurs

Question 37

what is the route of sperm

Answer 37

testes
epidydmis
vas deferens
ejeaculatory duct
urethra

Question 38

freshly ejaculated sperm are not capable of ehat

Answer 38

fertilisation

Question 39

what needs to happen before sperm are capable of fertilisation

Answer 39

capacitation

Question 40

what happens when sperm go undergo capacitation

Answer 40

surface of sperm altered by removal of glycoprotein coat
tail movements become whip like
cAMP levels rise to promote acrosomal reactioon

Question 41

fertilising sperm penetrate what in the egg

Answer 41

penetrate the corona radiata

Question 42

what receptors do sperm bind to on the egg

Answer 42

ZP3

Question 43

where are the ZP3 receptors

Answer 43

zona pellucida

Question 44

binding to ZP3 triggers what

Answer 44

acrosome reaction

Question 45

the sperm nucleus enters where

Answer 45

ovum cytoplasm

Question 46

sperm stimulate release of what ion which inactivate ZP3

Answer 46

Ca2+

Question 47

what chemical is released from the ovum to attract sperm

Answer 47

allurin

Question 48

inactivation of the ZP3 receptors causes blocking of what

Answer 48

polyspermy

Question 49

what cells are present on the blastocyst

Answer 49

trophoblast

Question 50

how does the blastocyst implant on the uterine lining

Answer 50

cords of trophoblastic cells

Question 51

what are the single layer of cells surrounding the blastocyst

Answer 51

trophoblast

Question 52

how can you tell when implantation has finished

Answer 52

blastocyst is completely buried in the endometrium

Question 53

what is the placenta derived from

Answer 53

trophoblast and decidual tissue

Question 54

where is hCG produced from

Answer 54

blastocyst

Question 55

what does hCG do to the corpus luteum

Answer 55

prolongs life

Question 56

what triggers duct development

Answer 56

oestrogen

Question 57

what trtiggers lobule formation

Answer 57

progesterone