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Yr 3 > HPA > Flashcards

HPA Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most dominant part of the endocrine system

A

hypothalamic pituitary axis

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2
Q

HPA regulates the function of what

A

function of the thyroid, adrenal and reproductive glands

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3
Q

pituitary gland is the extension of what

A

hypothalamus

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4
Q

where is the pituitary gland located

A

front centre of skull

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5
Q

how many cell types is the anterior pituitary made up of

A

5

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6
Q

how many hormones does the anterior pituitary produce

A

6

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7
Q

where does the anterior pituitary receive innervation from

A

paracellular neurons

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8
Q

anterior pituitary releases hormones so is known as what

A

hypophysiotropic

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9
Q

what are the 2 nuclei on the posterior pituitary

A

supraoptic and paraventricular

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10
Q

what is the posterior pituitary responsible for

A

synthesis, package, transport, and storage by the nucleus of hormones

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11
Q

how is the neurohypophysis developed

A

downgrowth of the forebrain

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12
Q

how is adenohypophysis developed

A

oral ectoderm of the roof of stomodeum

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13
Q

what does Rathke’s pouch do in the development of the pituitary gland

A

wraps next to infundibulim

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14
Q

when is the development of the pituitary gland finished

A

11-12 weeks in utero

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15
Q

what are the 5 cells of the anterior pituitary gland

A

somatotropes
corticotropes
thyrotropes
gonadotropes
lactotropes

Scott
Can
Thrust
Grannies
Legs

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16
Q

how many hormones are releases in the posterior pituitary

A

2

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17
Q

what side are anterior and pituitary on

A

left and right

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18
Q

what is the vascular supply of the pituitary gland

A

super hypophyseal artery
hypophyseal portal veins
secondary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system

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19
Q

what is the anterior pituitary innervated by

A

paracellular neurons

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20
Q

what neurons is the posterior pituitary supplied by

A

magnocellular neurons

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21
Q

what are the 2 kinds of magnocellular neurons

A

supraoptic nuclei
paraventricular nuclei

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22
Q

in the hypothalamus, what hormone does supraoptic nuclei release

A

ADH

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23
Q

In the hypothalamus what does the paraventricular nucleus release

A

oxytocin

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24
Q

What is ADH known as (2)

A

vasopressin
AVP

25
Q

what is the role of ADH

A

reduces urine output
vasoconstriction

blood pressure increases

26
Q

what is ADH secretion stimulated by

A

Increased plasma osmolality
Decrease in blood pressure
Stress
Pain

27
Q

(physiological effect) in presence of ADH…

A

urine flow decreases and urine output osmolality increases

28
Q

(physiological effect) in absence of ADH

A

urine flow increases and urine osmolality decreases

29
Q

increased ADH secretion induces what

A

vasoconstriction in arterioles

30
Q

increased ADH secretion does what to cardiac output

A

bradycardia

31
Q

ADH disorders - abnormally high ADH leads to

A

high urine osmolality
oedema (due to high plasma volume) increased water tension
low plasma osmolality

32
Q

abnormally low circulating ADH leads to

A

diabetes insipidus
low urine osmolality

33
Q

what hormone is responsible for stimulating breastmilk

A

oxytocin

34
Q

secretion of oxytocin is stimulated by

A

suckling
vaginal stimulation during labour
crying of an infant

35
Q

Vaginal stimulation during childbirth induces what feedback loop of what hormone

A

positive feedback loop - oxytocin

36
Q

where does oxytocin feedback to during child birth

A

positive feedback of the hypothalamus

37
Q

what does TSH regulates via what

A

regulates thyroid function
via TSH receptor

38
Q

TSH is an example of what class of hormone

A

adenohypophysis

39
Q

where is the TSH receptor

A

thyroid epithelial cells

40
Q

TSH stimulates release of what and from where

A

T3 and T4
thyroid gland

41
Q

What do T3 and T4 support

A

tropic affects on growth and metabolism

42
Q

where do T3 and T4 feedback to and what type of feedback

A

negative
hypothalamus

43
Q

LH and FSH are an example of what class of hormones

A

adenohypophysis

44
Q

what do LH and FSH regulate and via what

A

function of gonads in males and females
FSH and LH receptors on the gonads

45
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is responsible for stimulating what

A

adrenal cortex via MC2R receptor

46
Q

when ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex via MC2R receptors induces what

A

upregulation of circulating cortisol and adrenal androgen

47
Q

what type of feedback is induced by released cortisol and what does it inhibit

A

negative
ACTH secretion in the anterior pituitary

48
Q

steroid hormones help control blood levels of what

A

blood glucose and inflammatory

49
Q

what does the growth hormone regulate and via what

A

regulates metabolism
via GH receptor in the liver

50
Q

(IGF-1) feedbacks how and on what

A

negative
production and secretion of GH

51
Q

what is responsible for the manufacture of breast milk

A

prolactin

52
Q

what does prolactin stimulate and via what

A

stimulates manufacture of breast milk via reduced release of dopamine from the paricellular hypothalamic neurons

53
Q

what feedback do tropic hormones facilitate and where

A

tropic hormones
induce release of their target organs/endocrine glands

54
Q

GH leads to the production of what

A

insulin

55
Q

a pituitary tumour will secrete what

A

low levels of FSH and LH

56
Q

Adenohypophysis is responsible for the release of what 6 hormones

A

GH
Prolactin
FSH
LH
TSH
ACTH

57
Q

Adenohypophysis is a

A

true endocrine organ

58
Q

Neurohypophysis is made up of what tissue

A

neural tissue

Yr 3 (15 decks)

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