Male Reproductive Endocrinology

Question 1

what are the two primitive duct systems all embryos have?

Answer 1

Wolffian
MUllerian ducts

Question 2

In males what occurs in the primitive ducts

Answer 2

Wolffian duct -> repro tract
Mullerian duct degenerate

Question 3

In females what occurs in the primitive ducts

Answer 3

Wolffian degenerates
Mullerian ducts -> reproductive tract

Question 4

development into male or female depends upon hormones secreted by foetal testes
what is testosterone stimulated by

Answer 4

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) from placenta

Question 5

what does Mullerian inhibiting factor do

Answer 5

induces regression of mullerian ducts

Question 6

without stimulus of male testicular hormones, Wolffian ducts do what
and mullerian ducts do what

Answer 6

wolffian ducts regress
mullerian ducts develop and foetus will develop female characteristics

Question 7

Before week 6 utero, what does testosterone secrete

Answer 7

testosterone and Mullerian-inhibiting factor

Question 8

What stimulus decreases as the penis is being formed

Answer 8

DHT stimulus

Question 9

what term is used for the production of sperm

Answer 9

spermatogenesis

Question 10

what is the route of sperm

Answer 10

testes - epididymis - vas deferens-ejaculatory duct - urethra
T - to
E - eat
V- vagina
E - everyone
U - understand

Question 11

what is the dual function of the testes

Answer 11

producing sperm and secreting testosterone

Question 12

Where do leydig cells lie

Answer 12

in connective tissue between seminiferous tubules

Question 13

what cells lie in connective tissue between seminiferous tubules

Answer 13

leydig cells

Question 14

in utero where do testes develop

Answer 14

abdominal cavity of foetus

Question 15

what is the condition where an individual has reached adulthood and testes have not descended

Answer 15

cryptorchidism

Question 16

why is it important testes descend

Answer 16

lowers temp outside body for spermatogenesis

Question 17

what is produced in leydig cells

Answer 17

testosterone

Question 18

testosterone is a steroid hormone derived from where

Answer 18

cholestrol

Question 19

where is testosterone secrted into for sperm production

Answer 19

blood
seminiferous tubules

Question 20

when does secretion of testosterone start and end

Answer 20

puberty and for life

Question 21

what does testosterone do to the reproductive tract before birth

Answer 21

masculinises it and the external genitalia

Question 22

what is responsible for the descent of the testes into the scrotum

Answer 22

testosterone

Question 23

what hormone is responsible for the development of libido

Answer 23

testosterone

Question 24

what hormone controls gonadotropin hormone secretion and through what feedback is spermatogenesis controlled

Answer 24

testosterone
negative feedback

Question 25

what are some 2 degree sexual characteristics (caused by testosterone and metabolites)

Answer 25

growth of larynx deepening of voice increased bone mass increased mass and strength of skeletal muscle thickened skin increased and thickened hair on trunk, arms, legs, face

Question 26

what is spermatogenesis

Answer 26

conversion of germ cells into motile sperm

Question 27

what do Sertoli cells do

Answer 27

support spermatogenesis

Question 28

what are the two cells involved in spermatogenesis

Answer 28

germ cells sertoli cells

Question 29

How many stages are there in spermatogenesis

Answer 29

3

Question 30

name the stages in spermatogenesis

Answer 30

A) mitotic proliferation B) meiotic division C) Spermiogenesis

Question 31

What is the name of spermatocytes after one daughter cell divides twice more

Answer 31

primary spermatocytes (46 chromosones)

Question 32

what occurs in the 1st meiotic division in spermatogenesis

Answer 32

each primary spermatocyte divides into 2 haploid cells secondary spermatocytes

Question 33

what name is given to primary spermatocytes when they divide

Answer 33

secondary spermatocytes

Question 34

what occurs in the 2nd meiotic divsion

Answer 34

secondary spermatocytes divide t form 2 single stranded spermatids

Question 35

what hormone is required for mitosis and meiosis stages

Answer 35

testosterone

Question 36

in the last stage of spermatogenesis (spermiogenesis) what are spermatids converted to

Answer 36

spermatozoa

Question 37

what happens when spermatids are converted to spermatozoa

Answer 37

removal of unnescessary cellular components and rebuilding into specialised, motile spermatozoa

Question 38

what hormone is required for the last stage of spermatogenesis

Answer 38

FSH

Question 39

In the sperm, what contains enzymes for penetration of the ovum

Answer 39

acrosome (the head)

Question 40

what does the tail provide in sperm

Answer 40

motility

Question 41

what barrier do sertoli cells form

Answer 41

blood-testes barrier

Question 42

what is responible for secreting seminiferous tubule fluid

Answer 42

sertoli cells

Question 43

why do sertoli cells secrete seminiferous tubule fluid

Answer 43

used to carry cells to epididymis along pressure gradient

Question 44

why do sertoli cells secrete inhibin

Answer 44

inhibin regulates FSH secretion (negative feedback) and control spermatogenesis

Question 45

during development what do sertoli cells secrete

Answer 45

Mullerian-inhibiting factor

Question 46

what 2 gonadotropic hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitray

Answer 46

FSH and LH

Question 47

what does LH do to leydig cells(within testes)

Answer 47

regulates testosterone secretion

Question 48

where does FSH exert its affect in the testes

Answer 48

sertoli cells to enhance spermatogenesis

Question 49

secretion of LH and FSH is stimulated by

Answer 49

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)