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Yr 3 > Male Reproductive Endocrinology > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two primitive duct systems all embryos have?

A

Wolffian
MUllerian ducts

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2
Q

In males what occurs in the primitive ducts

A

Wolffian duct -> repro tract
Mullerian duct degenerate

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3
Q

In females what occurs in the primitive ducts

A

Wolffian degenerates
Mullerian ducts -> reproductive tract

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4
Q

development into male or female depends upon hormones secreted by foetal testes
what is testosterone stimulated by

A

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) from placenta

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5
Q

what does Mullerian inhibiting factor do

A

induces regression of mullerian ducts

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6
Q

without stimulus of male testicular hormones, Wolffian ducts do what
and mullerian ducts do what

A

wolffian ducts regress
mullerian ducts develop and foetus will develop female characteristics

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7
Q

Before week 6 utero, what does testosterone secrete

A

testosterone and Mullerian-inhibiting factor

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8
Q

What stimulus decreases as the penis is being formed

A

DHT stimulus

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9
Q

what term is used for the production of sperm

A

spermatogenesis

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10
Q

what is the route of sperm

A

testes - epididymis - vas deferens-ejaculatory duct - urethra
T - to
E - eat
V- vagina
E - everyone
U - understand

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11
Q

what is the dual function of the testes

A

producing sperm and secreting testosterone

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12
Q

Where do leydig cells lie

A

in connective tissue between seminiferous tubules

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13
Q

what cells lie in connective tissue between seminiferous tubules

A

leydig cells

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14
Q

in utero where do testes develop

A

abdominal cavity of foetus

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15
Q

what is the condition where an individual has reached adulthood and testes have not descended

A

cryptorchidism

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16
Q

why is it important testes descend

A

lowers temp outside body for spermatogenesis

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17
Q

what is produced in leydig cells

A

testosterone

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18
Q

testosterone is a steroid hormone derived from where

A

cholestrol

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19
Q

where is testosterone secrted into for sperm production

A

blood
seminiferous tubules

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20
Q

when does secretion of testosterone start and end

A

puberty and for life

21
Q

what does testosterone do to the reproductive tract before birth

A

masculinises it and the external genitalia

22
Q

what is responsible for the descent of the testes into the scrotum

A

testosterone

23
Q

what hormone is responsible for the development of libido

A

testosterone

24
Q

what hormone controls gonadotropin hormone secretion and through what feedback is spermatogenesis controlled

A

testosterone
negative feedback

25
Q

what are some 2 degree sexual characteristics (caused by testosterone and metabolites)

A

growth of larynx
deepening of voice
increased bone mass
increased mass and strength of skeletal muscle
thickened skin
increased and thickened hair on trunk, arms, legs, face

26
Q

what is spermatogenesis

A

conversion of germ cells into motile sperm

27
Q

what do Sertoli cells do

A

support spermatogenesis

28
Q

what are the two cells involved in spermatogenesis

A

germ cells
sertoli cells

29
Q

How many stages are there in spermatogenesis

A

3

30
Q

name the stages in spermatogenesis

A

A) mitotic proliferation
B) meiotic division
C) Spermiogenesis

31
Q

What is the name of spermatocytes after one daughter cell divides twice more

A

primary spermatocytes (46 chromosones)

32
Q

what occurs in the 1st meiotic division in spermatogenesis

A

each primary spermatocyte divides into 2 haploid cells
secondary spermatocytes

33
Q

what name is given to primary spermatocytes when they divide

A

secondary spermatocytes

34
Q

what occurs in the 2nd meiotic divsion

A

secondary spermatocytes divide t form 2 single stranded spermatids

35
Q

what hormone is required for mitosis and meiosis stages

A

testosterone

36
Q

in the last stage of spermatogenesis (spermiogenesis) what are spermatids converted to

A

spermatozoa

37
Q

what happens when spermatids are converted to spermatozoa

A

removal of unnescessary cellular components and rebuilding into specialised, motile spermatozoa

38
Q

what hormone is required for the last stage of spermatogenesis

A

FSH

39
Q

In the sperm, what contains enzymes for penetration of the ovum

A

acrosome (the head)

40
Q

what does the tail provide in sperm

A

motility

41
Q

what barrier do sertoli cells form

A

blood-testes barrier

42
Q

what is responible for secreting seminiferous tubule fluid

A

sertoli cells

43
Q

why do sertoli cells secrete seminiferous tubule fluid

A

used to carry cells to epididymis along pressure gradient

44
Q

why do sertoli cells secrete inhibin

A

inhibin regulates FSH secretion (negative feedback) and control spermatogenesis

45
Q

during development what do sertoli cells secrete

A

Mullerian-inhibiting factor

46
Q

what 2 gonadotropic hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitray

A

FSH and LH

47
Q

what does LH do to leydig cells(within testes)

A

regulates testosterone secretion

48
Q

where does FSH exert its affect in the testes

A

sertoli cells to enhance spermatogenesis

49
Q

secretion of LH and FSH is stimulated by

A

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Yr 3 (15 decks)

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