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Yr 3 > Hormonal Regulation of appetite and satiety > Flashcards

Hormonal Regulation of appetite and satiety Flashcards

1
Q

increased body fat alters what

A

brain function

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2
Q

how many ways can the CNS influence energy balance and body weight

A

3

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3
Q

what are the three ways the CNS influences energy balance and body weight

A

Behaviour
ANS activity
Neuroendocrine System

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4
Q

what part of the brain influences energy balance and body weight

A

hypothalamus

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5
Q

energy balance is controlled by what

A

feedback loops

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6
Q

what do feedback loops maintain in the hypothalamus in obesity

A

maintain constancy of enregy stores

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7
Q

what are the two balance pathways

A

orexigenic and anorxigenic

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8
Q

what responds to appetite and satiety

A

hypothalamus

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9
Q

appetite and satiety, where are the signals detected

A

hypothalamus

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10
Q

signals are produced in response to body _____

A

nutritional status

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11
Q

body weight and food intake are regulated by ____ term processes

A

long

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12
Q

meal initiation, termination, and inter-meal frequency are regulated by ___ term processes

A

short

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13
Q

what are the two types of neuropeptides

A

orexigenic
anorexigenic

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14
Q

when alphaMSH levels are high in the hypothalamus what does this peptide inhibit

A

food intake

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15
Q

what are the two melanocortin receptor subtypes

A

MC 3
MC 4

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16
Q

what does MC 3 do

A

suppress food intake

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17
Q

what does MC 4 do

A

enhance food uptake

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18
Q

deletion of MC 4 or MC 3 receptor produces what in mice

A

obesity

19
Q

NPY and AGOUTI neuropeptides are are what kinda of peptides

A

orexigenic

20
Q

what is the most abundant neuropeptide in the brain

A

NPY - 36 aa peptide

21
Q

what does ARCstand for

A

arcuate nucleus

22
Q

injection of NPY in the hypothalamus stimulates what

A

food intake and reduces energy expenditure

23
Q

repeated administartion of NPY leads to what

A

obesity

24
Q

where is ARC

A

another area in the hypothalamus

25
Q

AGOUTI is an antagonist to what 2 receptors

A

MC3
MC4

26
Q

Leptin and Insulin are what kind of neuropeptides

A

Anorexigenic

27
Q

where is lectin made and secreted from

A

adipocytes

28
Q

where are high levels of leptin receptors loacted

A

expressed on ARC hypothalamus neurons

29
Q

what does ICV leptin inhibit

A

food intake

30
Q

what does ICV leptin decrease in rodents

A

body weight

31
Q

leptin levels are higher in individuals who have more what

A

fat

32
Q

where does ARC send a signal from and where to

A

first order neurons to second order neurons

33
Q

what kind of neuropeptide is ghrelin

A

orexigenic

34
Q

what kind of neuropeptide are GLP-1 and PYY

A

anorexigenic

35
Q

spontaneous monogenic mutations in mouse strains result in what

A

obesity

36
Q

reduced leptin in Ob/Ob mice mimics what

A

starvation

37
Q

A^y mutation in Agouti leads to what

A

obesity

38
Q

JAK2-STAT controls what

A

transcriptional regulation

39
Q

IRS-PI3K controls what

A

transcriptional regulation and electrical activity of neurons

40
Q

What 3 signalling cascades are activated by Leptin Receptors

A

Jak2-STAT
IRS-PI3K
ERK and AMPK

41
Q

why cant you give “fat” people leptin to lose weight

A

they already have high circulating levels of leptin so will just develop leptin resistence

42
Q

Inhibition of PI3K prevets leptin and insuling signalling where

A

ARC

43
Q

where are satiety signals released from

A

GI tract

44
Q

the brain becomes more insensitive t what neuropeptides in obesity

A

leptin and insulin

Yr 3 (15 decks)

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