Hormonal Regulation of appetite and satiety Flashcards
increased body fat alters what
brain function
how many ways can the CNS influence energy balance and body weight
3
what are the three ways the CNS influences energy balance and body weight
Behaviour
ANS activity
Neuroendocrine System
what part of the brain influences energy balance and body weight
hypothalamus
energy balance is controlled by what
feedback loops
what do feedback loops maintain in the hypothalamus in obesity
maintain constancy of enregy stores
what are the two balance pathways
orexigenic and anorxigenic
what responds to appetite and satiety
hypothalamus
appetite and satiety, where are the signals detected
hypothalamus
signals are produced in response to body _____
nutritional status
body weight and food intake are regulated by ____ term processes
long
meal initiation, termination, and inter-meal frequency are regulated by ___ term processes
short
what are the two types of neuropeptides
orexigenic
anorexigenic
when alphaMSH levels are high in the hypothalamus what does this peptide inhibit
food intake
what are the two melanocortin receptor subtypes
MC 3
MC 4
what does MC 3 do
suppress food intake
what does MC 4 do
enhance food uptake
deletion of MC 4 or MC 3 receptor produces what in mice
obesity
NPY and AGOUTI neuropeptides are are what kinda of peptides
orexigenic
what is the most abundant neuropeptide in the brain
NPY - 36 aa peptide
what does ARCstand for
arcuate nucleus
injection of NPY in the hypothalamus stimulates what
food intake and reduces energy expenditure
repeated administartion of NPY leads to what
obesity
where is ARC
another area in the hypothalamus
AGOUTI is an antagonist to what 2 receptors
MC3
MC4
Leptin and Insulin are what kind of neuropeptides
Anorexigenic
where is lectin made and secreted from
adipocytes
where are high levels of leptin receptors loacted
expressed on ARC hypothalamus neurons
what does ICV leptin inhibit
food intake
what does ICV leptin decrease in rodents
body weight
leptin levels are higher in individuals who have more what
fat
where does ARC send a signal from and where to
first order neurons to second order neurons
what kind of neuropeptide is ghrelin
orexigenic
what kind of neuropeptide are GLP-1 and PYY
anorexigenic
spontaneous monogenic mutations in mouse strains result in what
obesity
reduced leptin in Ob/Ob mice mimics what
starvation
A^y mutation in Agouti leads to what
obesity
JAK2-STAT controls what
transcriptional regulation
IRS-PI3K controls what
transcriptional regulation and electrical activity of neurons
What 3 signalling cascades are activated by Leptin Receptors
Jak2-STAT
IRS-PI3K
ERK and AMPK
why cant you give “fat” people leptin to lose weight
they already have high circulating levels of leptin so will just develop leptin resistence
Inhibition of PI3K prevets leptin and insuling signalling where
ARC
where are satiety signals released from
GI tract
the brain becomes more insensitive t what neuropeptides in obesity
leptin and insulin
