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Yr 3 > Female reproductive Endocrinology > Flashcards

Female reproductive Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the role of the ovaries

A

maturation and release of the ova

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2
Q

what is the role of oviducts (fallopian tubes)

A

site of fertilisation

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3
Q

what is the role of the uterus

A

maintains foetus development during gestation
expels foetus at end of gestation

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4
Q

what is the role of the cervix

A

has small opening to allow sperm through to uterus
expands greatly during birth

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5
Q

what is the role of the vagina

A

receptacle for sperm
birth canal - uterus to be outside

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6
Q

what is the role of the vaginal opening

A

allows penis in/baby out

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7
Q

oogenesis has identical meiotic and mitotic divisions as what

A

male sperm production

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8
Q

when does oogenesis begin

A

in utero

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9
Q

when is oogenesis completed

A

completed at fertilisation

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10
Q

when does oogenesis cease

A

at menopause

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11
Q

what are some 2 degree sexual characteristics at puberty

A

pubic hair
growth/maturation of repro tract (including uterus) and external genitalia
fat deposition - breasts, buttocks, thighs
closure of epiphseal plates (stops growing)

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12
Q

somatic growth is induced by what (puberty)

A

gonadal sex steroids, GH, and (ILG-1)

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13
Q

when does the menopause occur

A

5th decade

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14
Q

what hormones increase during menopause

A

FSH levels

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15
Q

what hormones decrease during menopause

A

ovarian oestrogen
progesterone
inhibin

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16
Q

how many days does the ovarian cycle last (average)

A

28 days

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17
Q

how many phases does the ovarian cycle have

A

2

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18
Q

what are then names of the ovarian cycle phases

A

Follicular phase
Luteal phase

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19
Q

what happens in the follicular phase

A

maturation of egg
ready for ovulation (midcycle)
ovulation signals end of follicular phase

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20
Q

what happens in the luteal phase

A

development of corpus luteum
induces preparation of reproductive tract for pregnancy (if fertilisation occurs)

21
Q

in the ovarian cycle what phase occurs first

A

follicular phase
then luteal phase

22
Q

in the follicular phase what are the names of the follicles

A

primary and secondary

23
Q

what is the structure of a primary follicle

A

primary oocyte is surrounded by a single layer of granulosa cells

24
Q

until puberty all 1 degree follicles degenerate to what

A

scar tissue

25
Q

After puberty, what develops cyclically

A

2 degree follicles

26
Q

Secondary follicle grows and follicle expands and becomes what

A

differentiated under hormonal influence

27
Q

when does follicular phase end

A

with ovulation

28
Q

what hormones does the corpus luteum secerete

A

progesterone and oestrogen

29
Q

what hormone is secreted in the follicular phase

A

oestrogen

30
Q

what hormone is released in the luteal phase

A

progesterone

31
Q

after ovulation what structure grows and for how long

A

corpus luteum (8-9 days)

32
Q

what is formed if fertilisation has not occured

A

corpus albicans

33
Q

degeneration of ______ signals the start of a new ________ phase

A

corpus luteum
follicular

34
Q

if fertilisation occurs what happens to the corpus luteum and what hormones does it produce
and until when

A

it persists and produces increasing quantities of progesterone and oestrogen till after pregnancy

35
Q

What does oestrogen inhibit during follicular phase (0-12 days)

A

LH and FSH release

36
Q

during days 12-14 what does oestrogen do

A

stimulate LH and FSH release

37
Q

after day 14 what does oestrogen do

A

inhibits LH and FSH release

38
Q

what marks the beginning of the uterine and ovarian cycles

A

menstration

39
Q

A few days before menstruation, ________ beings to increase secretion of _____ and _______

A

anterior pituitary
FSH and LH

40
Q

when the follicle matures what happens to the production of ________

A

increases production of oestrogen

41
Q

when there is increasing amounts of oestrogen being produced what happens to the uterus

A

stimulates the growth of the uterus

42
Q

during the first 12 days of the ovarian cycle Oestrogen exerts what kind of feedback and to where

A

negative feedback on gonadotropin release

43
Q

on days 12-14, oestrogen exerts what kind of feedback to where

A

positive on the pituitary

44
Q

what does the surge of LH trigger

A

ovulation
stimulates the follicle cells to develop into the corpus luteum

45
Q

when the follicle cells develop into the corpus luteum what hormones are secreted

A

progesterone and oestrogen

46
Q

what are oestrogen and progesterone crucial for

A

maintenance of uterine lining
sends negative feedback to the anterior pituitary to inhibit gonadotropin release

47
Q

if the egg is not fertilised what happens on day 26 of the cycle

A

corpus luteum degenerates

48
Q

without progesterone, what happens to the uterine lining

A

it sloughs off and menstruation occurs

49
Q

a decrease in oestrogen and progesterone relieves what feedback on the anterior pituitary

A

negative feedback
GnRH, FSH & LH all ↑

Yr 3 (15 decks)

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