Recognition of Sports Injuries

Question 1

Two types of injuries?

Answer 1

Acute - sudden result of trauma

Overuse

Question 2

What are fractures?

Answer 2

result of extreme strain or stress on bone

Question 3

What are the three Gross structures?

Answer 3

Diaphysis - shaft, hollow and cylindrical covered by compact bone

Epiphysis - composed to cancellous bone and has hyaline cartilage covering

Periosteum - dense, white fibrous covering which penetrates bone, contains blood vessels

Question 4

Acute bone fractures

Answer 4

partial or complete disruption, serious musculoskeletal condition,

classified as either open or closed, open causes skin breakage

Question 5

What is a greenstick fracture?

Answer 5

incomplete break in a bone that hasn’t completely ossified,

most common in children

Question 6

Transverse Fracture?

Answer 6

straight line break perpendicular to the length of the bone

result of direct trauma

Question 7

Spiral Fracture?

Answer 7

S shape, caused by rotation, smooth ends

common with skiing

Question 8

Oblique Fracture?

Answer 8

similar to spiral but jagged and more shattered

Question 9

Healing a fracture?

Answer 9

takes 4-6 weeks

Question 10

What are stress fractures and causes?

Answer 10

overload of muscle contractions, muscle fatigue, repetitive stress vibrations

progressively becomes worse

if suspected stop for 14 days

tuning fork, MRI, and bone scans are best used for diagnosing

MRI is best for soft tissue

Question 11

What are dislocations and subluxations?

Answer 11

Dislocations: one bone in a joint is out of alignment. Tearing of ligaments and not properly aligned causing further breakage (fingers and shoulders)

Subluxations: partial dislocations causing incomplete separation of two bones (patella)

Question 12

What are dislocations and subluxations?

Answer 12

Dislocations: one bone in a joint is out of alignment. Tearing of ligaments and not properly aligned causing further breakage (fingers and shoulders)

Subluxations: partial dislocations causing incomplete separation of two bones (patella)

Question 13

What are the details of Ligaments Sprin

Answer 13

tendon is muscle to bone (strain), ligament is bone to bone (sprain)

Question 14

Grading system for ligaments sprains

Answer 14

Grade 1: tender and swelling, joint stiffness

Grade 2: pain, instability and slight tear

Grade 3: complete pair and extremely painful

Question 15

What are contusions? What areas of the body are vulnerable?

Answer 15

bruises, need to be cautious of repetitive blows because of myositis ossificans forming

quads and biceps are susceptible

Question 16

Grades of Muscle Strains?

Answer 16

Grade 1: fibers have been stretched, pain on active ROM but full range

Grade 2: number of of fibers torn and swelling occurs with contraction

Grade 3: complete rupture of muscle resulting in nerve pain, tendon ruptures need surgeries, lasts 6-8 weeks of rest and rehab

Question 17

What are the two types of muscle soreness?

Answer 17

Acute-onset: fatigue causing pain

DOMS: pain 24-48 hrs after, result of muscle tearing/growth from extrenuous work

Question 18

Causes and results of nerve injuries

Answer 18

two main causes are: compression/tension and muscle weakness

can be acute or from overuse injury

Question 19

What is important to understand about overuse injuries?

Answer 19

rest is important, progressively gets worse, if not treated inflammatory issues will only get worse

Question 20

What is the difference between Tendinosis and Tendinitis?

Answer 20

Tendinosis - chronic tendon injury without inflammation

Tendinitis - inflammation of the tendon, can lead to crepitus which is sticking of the tendon

Question 21

What is Tenosynovitis?

Answer 21

inflammation of synovial sheath

acute results: rapid, crepitus, and extreme swelling

chronic results: thickening of tendon with pain and crepitus

most common in fingers and achilles