Recognition of Sports Injuries Flashcards
Two types of injuries?
Acute - sudden result of trauma
Overuse
What are fractures?
result of extreme strain or stress on bone
What are the three Gross structures?
Diaphysis - shaft, hollow and cylindrical covered by compact bone
Epiphysis - composed to cancellous bone and has hyaline cartilage covering
Periosteum - dense, white fibrous covering which penetrates bone, contains blood vessels
Acute bone fractures
partial or complete disruption, serious musculoskeletal condition,
classified as either open or closed, open causes skin breakage
What is a greenstick fracture?
incomplete break in a bone that hasn’t completely ossified,
most common in children
Transverse Fracture?
straight line break perpendicular to the length of the bone
result of direct trauma
Spiral Fracture?
S shape, caused by rotation, smooth ends
common with skiing
Oblique Fracture?
similar to spiral but jagged and more shattered
Healing a fracture?
takes 4-6 weeks
What are stress fractures and causes?
overload of muscle contractions, muscle fatigue, repetitive stress vibrations
progressively becomes worse
if suspected stop for 14 days
tuning fork, MRI, and bone scans are best used for diagnosing
MRI is best for soft tissue
What are dislocations and subluxations?
Dislocations: one bone in a joint is out of alignment. Tearing of ligaments and not properly aligned causing further breakage (fingers and shoulders)
Subluxations: partial dislocations causing incomplete separation of two bones (patella)
What are dislocations and subluxations?
Dislocations: one bone in a joint is out of alignment. Tearing of ligaments and not properly aligned causing further breakage (fingers and shoulders)
Subluxations: partial dislocations causing incomplete separation of two bones (patella)
What are the details of Ligaments Sprin
tendon is muscle to bone (strain), ligament is bone to bone (sprain)
Grading system for ligaments sprains
Grade 1: tender and swelling, joint stiffness
Grade 2: pain, instability and slight tear
Grade 3: complete pair and extremely painful
What are contusions? What areas of the body are vulnerable?
bruises, need to be cautious of repetitive blows because of myositis ossificans forming
quads and biceps are susceptible
Grades of Muscle Strains?
Grade 1: fibers have been stretched, pain on active ROM but full range
Grade 2: number of of fibers torn and swelling occurs with contraction
Grade 3: complete rupture of muscle resulting in nerve pain, tendon ruptures need surgeries, lasts 6-8 weeks of rest and rehab
What are the two types of muscle soreness?
Acute-onset: fatigue causing pain
DOMS: pain 24-48 hrs after, result of muscle tearing/growth from extrenuous work
Causes and results of nerve injuries
two main causes are: compression/tension and muscle weakness
can be acute or from overuse injury
What is important to understand about overuse injuries?
rest is important, progressively gets worse, if not treated inflammatory issues will only get worse
What is the difference between Tendinosis and Tendinitis?
Tendinosis - chronic tendon injury without inflammation
Tendinitis - inflammation of the tendon, can lead to crepitus which is sticking of the tendon
What is Tenosynovitis?
inflammation of synovial sheath
acute results: rapid, crepitus, and extreme swelling
chronic results: thickening of tendon with pain and crepitus
most common in fingers and achilles
