Exam 2 Review

Question 1

What are the signs of internal bleeding?

Answer 1

Soft tissues become hard and tender, anxiety, rapid weak pulse, shortness of breath, nausea and vomiting blood, shock

Question 2

What is arterial bleeding?

Answer 2

spurts out, high amount of blood pressure, very red ( = O2-Rich), medical emergency

Question 3

What are the 4 types of wounds we talked about?

Answer 3

abrasions - scrape

lacerations - jagged cut

avulsions - chunk of skin torn

puncture - leave in everywhere but mouth

Question 4

What is the difference between venous bleeding and capillary bleeding?

Answer 4

venous bleeding - oozing blood and is darker from lack of O2

capillary bleeding - most common and is not severe

Question 5

What are the first two methods of controlling bleeding?

Answer 5

1. Direct pressure on site - use universal precautions and keep pressure
2. Elevation - elevate above level of heart

Question 6

Third method of controlling bleeding? What two arteries are important to know

Answer 6

Arterial pressure - area of body where an artery can be compressed

upper body = brachial
lower body = femoral

Question 7

What are the signs of a 1st degree burn?

Answer 7

redness, swelling, usually heals quickly without scaring

Question 8

What are the signs of 2nd degree burns?

Answer 8

burns go through outer layer of skin and go into inner layer/dermis

blisters, oozing, severe pain, nerve endings are exposed

Question 9

What are the signs of 3rd degree burns?

Answer 9

penetrates through skin and into muscle and fat

skin is waxy, charred, and appears dead

nerves are destroyed

Question 10

How to deal with a seizure?

Answer 10

make sure persons is safe, call 911

Question 11

What is the method for dealing with a stroke?

Answer 11

F-Face ( weakness/drooping on 1 side of face)

A-Arm (weakness/numbness of 1 arm)

S-Speech (slurred speech or talking)

T-Time (call 911)

Question 12

What happens with shock? How to manage shock?

Answer 12

decrease in blood available in circulatory system

extreme fatigue, hallucinating, weak rapid pulse, shallow respiration, irritable or excited

Question 13

What are the different gross structures?

Answer 13

Diaphysis - shaft - hollow and cylindrical, covered by compact bone

Epiphysis - composed of cancellous bone and has hyaline cartilage

Periosteum - dense, white fibrous cover, contains blood vessels and osteoblasts

Question 14

What the important components of fractures?

Answer 14

“broken bones”

results of extreme stress/strain to a bone

classified as open or closed

Question 15

What is a greenstick fracture?

Answer 15

incomplete break of, most common in children

Question 16

What is a transverse fracture?

Answer 16

break occurs in a straight line horizontally

result of direct trauma

Question 17

What is a spiral fracture?

Answer 17

S shaped separation

occurs when foot is planted and body rotates (think skiing)

Question 18

What is an oblique fracture?

Answer 18

basically a spiral fracture but the ends are shattered and fragmented

Question 19

What are stress fractures? How long do they take to heal? What is best to detect stress fractures?

Answer 19

overload due to muscle contraction, muscle fatigue, repetitive stress vibrations

6-8 weeks

bone scan is best for detection

Question 20

What are the differences between dislocations and subluxations?

Answer 20

dislocation - one bone is not normally aligned (most common in fingers, elbow, and shoulder)

subluxation - partial dislocation causing incomplete separation of two bones (shoulder and patella)

Question 21

What is the difference between sprains and strains?

Answer 21

sprains occur on ligaments and strains occur on tendon

grading system is very similar

Question 22

Why is it important to be aware of contusions ?

Answer 22

myositis ossificans can form from repetitive trauma

Question 23

What is the difference between Tendinosis and Tendinitis?

Answer 23

Tendinosis - chronic tendon injury without inflammation ( common with sports)

Tendinitis - inflammation of the tendon ( can lead to crepitus)

Crepitus - sticking of tendon when sliding

Question 24

What is Tenosynovitis?

Answer 24

inflammation of synovial sheath

chronic cases result in thickening of tendon with pain

most likely occurs in fingers

Question 25

What is Bursitis?

Answer 25

Development of a bursa (fluid filled sac that develops near friction)

Question 26

What is osteoarthritis?

Answer 26

wearing away of hyaline cartilage because of weight bearing pressure

Question 27

What are the different sensory responses?

Answer 27

Hypoesthesia - decrease in normal sensation

Paresthesia -tingling/numbness

Question 28

Bursa is for what? Fat pads are for what?

Answer 28

Bursa = friction

Fat pads = shock absorption

retrocalcaneal bursitis (pump bump)

Question 29

What is a jones fracture?

Answer 29

fracture of 5th metatarsal (pinky toe)

Question 30

What is a Morton’s Toe?

Answer 30

elongated second toe, leads to easier 2nd metatarsal fractures

Question 31

treatment of Morton’s neuroma?

Answer 31

teardrop pad to decrease pressure and wear wider toe box

Question 32

treatment of plant fasciitis

Answer 32

rolling out feet, dorsiflexion boot

Question 33

three most common areas bursa develop

Answer 33

Subacromial, olecranon, and prepatellar bursa

Question 34

How long does a metatarsal stress fracture take to heal? How long should is the gradual return?

Answer 34

2-4 weeks and returning to training takes 2-3 weeks

Question 35

What is the proper name for a bunion?

Answer 35

Hallux Valgus deformity

Question 36

What is a Morton’s neuroma

Answer 36

thickening of nerve sheath between 3rd and 4th toe

Question 37

What is subungual hematoma?

Answer 37

pressure or force applied to toenail causing swelling and bleeding