Exam 2 Review Flashcards
What are the signs of internal bleeding?
Soft tissues become hard and tender, anxiety, rapid weak pulse, shortness of breath, nausea and vomiting blood, shock
What is arterial bleeding?
spurts out, high amount of blood pressure, very red ( = O2-Rich), medical emergency
What are the 4 types of wounds we talked about?
abrasions - scrape
lacerations - jagged cut
avulsions - chunk of skin torn
puncture - leave in everywhere but mouth
What is the difference between venous bleeding and capillary bleeding?
venous bleeding - oozing blood and is darker from lack of O2
capillary bleeding - most common and is not severe
What are the first two methods of controlling bleeding?
- Direct pressure on site - use universal precautions and keep pressure
- Elevation - elevate above level of heart
Third method of controlling bleeding? What two arteries are important to know
Arterial pressure - area of body where an artery can be compressed
upper body = brachial
lower body = femoral
What are the signs of a 1st degree burn?
redness, swelling, usually heals quickly without scaring
What are the signs of 2nd degree burns?
burns go through outer layer of skin and go into inner layer/dermis
blisters, oozing, severe pain, nerve endings are exposed
What are the signs of 3rd degree burns?
penetrates through skin and into muscle and fat
skin is waxy, charred, and appears dead
nerves are destroyed
How to deal with a seizure?
make sure persons is safe, call 911
What is the method for dealing with a stroke?
F-Face ( weakness/drooping on 1 side of face)
A-Arm (weakness/numbness of 1 arm)
S-Speech (slurred speech or talking)
T-Time (call 911)
What happens with shock? How to manage shock?
decrease in blood available in circulatory system
extreme fatigue, hallucinating, weak rapid pulse, shallow respiration, irritable or excited
What are the different gross structures?
Diaphysis - shaft - hollow and cylindrical, covered by compact bone
Epiphysis - composed of cancellous bone and has hyaline cartilage
Periosteum - dense, white fibrous cover, contains blood vessels and osteoblasts
What the important components of fractures?
“broken bones”
results of extreme stress/strain to a bone
classified as open or closed
What is a greenstick fracture?
incomplete break of, most common in children
What is a transverse fracture?
break occurs in a straight line horizontally
result of direct trauma
What is a spiral fracture?
S shaped separation
occurs when foot is planted and body rotates (think skiing)
What is an oblique fracture?
basically a spiral fracture but the ends are shattered and fragmented
What are stress fractures? How long do they take to heal? What is best to detect stress fractures?
overload due to muscle contraction, muscle fatigue, repetitive stress vibrations
6-8 weeks
bone scan is best for detection
What are the differences between dislocations and subluxations?
dislocation - one bone is not normally aligned (most common in fingers, elbow, and shoulder)
subluxation - partial dislocation causing incomplete separation of two bones (shoulder and patella)
What is the difference between sprains and strains?
sprains occur on ligaments and strains occur on tendon
grading system is very similar
Why is it important to be aware of contusions ?
myositis ossificans can form from repetitive trauma
What is the difference between Tendinosis and Tendinitis?
Tendinosis - chronic tendon injury without inflammation ( common with sports)
Tendinitis - inflammation of the tendon ( can lead to crepitus)
Crepitus - sticking of tendon when sliding
What is Tenosynovitis?
inflammation of synovial sheath
chronic cases result in thickening of tendon with pain
most likely occurs in fingers
What is Bursitis?
Development of a bursa (fluid filled sac that develops near friction)
What is osteoarthritis?
wearing away of hyaline cartilage because of weight bearing pressure
What are the different sensory responses?
Hypoesthesia - decrease in normal sensation
Paresthesia -tingling/numbness
Bursa is for what? Fat pads are for what?
Bursa = friction
Fat pads = shock absorption
retrocalcaneal bursitis (pump bump)
What is a jones fracture?
fracture of 5th metatarsal (pinky toe)
What is a Morton’s Toe?
elongated second toe, leads to easier 2nd metatarsal fractures
treatment of Morton’s neuroma?
teardrop pad to decrease pressure and wear wider toe box
treatment of plant fasciitis
rolling out feet, dorsiflexion boot
three most common areas bursa develop
Subacromial, olecranon, and prepatellar bursa
How long does a metatarsal stress fracture take to heal? How long should is the gradual return?
2-4 weeks and returning to training takes 2-3 weeks
What is the proper name for a bunion?
Hallux Valgus deformity
What is a Morton’s neuroma
thickening of nerve sheath between 3rd and 4th toe
What is subungual hematoma?
pressure or force applied to toenail causing swelling and bleeding
