Lower Extremities - Feet and Toes Flashcards
What are the various arches of the feet?
On top: 1st is transverse and 2nd Metatarsal arch
Bottom: Medial longitudinal arch and Lateral Longitudinal
The foot bones are separated into what categories?
Rearfoot (7 bones)
Metatarsal
Phalanges
Differences between high arches and flat feet?
High arches need orthotics to fill gap. Deal with outside issues (knees and hips)
Flat feet slam into the ground and cause all sorts of issues
What is plantar fasciitis?
chronic inflammation of the plantar fascia
How to prevent foot injuries?
select appropriate footwear to help with biomechanics
stretch and massage feet
feet will adapt to training surfaces over time
What is retrocalcaneal Bursitis (Pump Bump)?
inflammation of bursa beneath Achilles tendon
results of pressure, chronic condition, exostosis (pump bump), must differentiate from Sever’s diesease
bursa are for friction, fat pads are for shock absorption
What are the causes of Plantar Fasciitis?
increased stress, change in footwear, poor running, change in training surface, arch isssues
How to care for plantar fasciitis?
extended treatment of 8-12 weeks for bad
orthotics, arch taping, vigorous heel cord stretching, NSAID (Non steroid inflammatory drugs) or steroid
Causes, Signs, and care of Metatarsal fractures?
Cause = torsional/twisting stresses
Signs = feels like pain/fracture, pop, swelling/deformity, x-ray
Care = RICE and short leg walking cast
What is a Jones fracture?
fracture of metatarsal caused by inversion or high velocity rotational forces
around the base of 5th metatarsal
sudden pop and unpredictable healing because of lack of blood supply
What is a metatarsal stress fracture?
2nd metatarsal fracture
caused by overtraining or changes in training surfaces/intensity
pain and tenderness along 2nd metatarsal
How to care for metatarsal stress fracture?
determine cause
modified rest and non impact training (swimming, pool work, stationary bike)
gradual return to running
What is a metatarsal arch strain?
caused by hypermobility/impact
care for it by strengthening foot muscles and pad the toes
Dealing with longitudinal arch strain?
cause = increased stress / flat feet or high arch
signs = pain with running and jumping
associated with calcaneonavicular ligament and flexor hallucis longus strain
How to deal with fractures and dislocations of the phalanges?
swelling, discoloration, immediate pain
see physician, buddy tapping, use larger toe box
