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First Aid and Injury Development > Exam #3 > Flashcards

Exam #3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common injury in athletics?

A

ankle sprains (inversion (more #) and eversion))

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2
Q

What happens during Inversion sprains?

A

most frequent

anterior talofibular ligament

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3
Q

What is an eversion ankle sprain? What’s good about it?

A

inward rotation of ankle causing damage to deltoid ligament

bony protection and ligament strength are good at preventing this sprain

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4
Q

What is a Syndesmotic Spain? What is its significance? What ligaments are damaged?

A

high ankle sprain with dorsiflexion and external rotation

takes a while to heal

Anterior tibiofibular/medial/lateral ligaments

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5
Q

What are the signs of Tibial and Fibular fractures? How to care for these fractures?

A

leg will be hard and swollen. deformity

immediate splint and medical referral, restricted weight bearing for weeks/months

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6
Q

What is medial tibial stress syndrome?

A

“shin splints”

overuse in anterior portion of shin

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7
Q

How to care for shin splints?

A

x-ray and bone scan

fix biomechanics, ice massage, flexibility program for gastroc-soleus complex, arch taping and orthotics

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8
Q

What is compartment syndrome? Signs?

A

direct blow to lower leg

excessive swelling, deep aching, weakness with foot and toe extension (can lead to numbness in dorsal region of foot)

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9
Q

Which tests MCL?

A

Valgus (inward with thigh, outward with lower leg)

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10
Q

Which test LCL

A

Varus test (outward with thigh and inward with lower leg)

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11
Q

What test tests ACL tear?

A

Lachman Drawer Test

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12
Q

What are the functions of the Meniscus?

A

Shock absorption and add structure to tibialfemoral joint

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13
Q

What are the signs of a Patella Fracture? How to care for? How long is he/she immobilized for?

A

hemorrhaging, bone fragments and possible quad tendon tear

x-ray for confirmation, RICE and splint, immobilize for 2-3 months

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14
Q

What is a Patellar subluxation? Signs and care?

A

Quad pulls patella out alignment during deceleration or cutting

pain and swelling, loss of ROM, tenderness over adductor tubercle

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15
Q

What is Patellar Tendinosis? Signs and care?

A

inflammation of patellar tendon

RICE, focus on strengthening and stretching

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16
Q

What are the signs and care methods for Quad strains?

A

pain, spasm/loss of function

RICE, neoprene sleeve

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17
Q

What to be aware of with thigh contusion?

A

development of myositis ossificans

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18
Q

What are the signs of hamstring strains and how to care for?

A

muscle belly or attachment pain, loss of function and discoloring

RICE, rehab for strengthening and stretching

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19
Q

How do femoral fracture happen?

What are the signs of injury? How to care for it? How long are you immobilized?

A

auto accidents, significant force, occurs in middle third

shock, pain, deformity

splint, x-ray, be aware of bone displacement and deformity

6-8 weeks

20
Q

What are the causes, signs, and care for groin strains?

A

poor strength and flexibility with overuse

pain and internal hemorrhaging

RICE

21
Q

What is Piriformis Syndrome

A

compression of sciatic nerve, mimics sciatica and runs from lower back/butt to knee

22
Q

What is Osgood Schlatter Disease/Larsen Johansson Disease?

A

apophysitis at tibial tubercle from repeated pulling by tendon, bony callus forms

Larsen = inferior pole of patella

23
Q

What are the signs of head injuries? What to do?

A

severe headache, nausea, palpation, blood in ears, nose, raccoon eyes, behind ear,

Cerebrospinal fluid in nose or ear

seek immediate help

24
Q

Dealing with Facial Lacerations

A

pressure and refer to a physician for stitches

25
Q

What is epistaxis? How to care for?

A

Nosebleed

Lean forward to avoid swallowing blood and plug/hold with firm pressure to create buildup

26
Q

How to deal with foreign objects in the eye?

A

close eye and determine location, sterile swab, use saline, eye patch

27
Q

What is a Hyphema?

What are the signs/symptoms?

A

blunt blow to the eye which can lead to problems with lens, choroid and retina

blood pooling, reddish tint, vision becomes blocked

28
Q

How to deal with a tooth fracture?

A

place tooth in saline solution or reattach, if root is exposed very big problem

29
Q

What is key when dealing with ankle sprain? How to care for Ankle sprain?

A

key is managing pain and swelling

horseshoe foam pad for compression, ice, elevation, avoid weight bearing first 24 hrs, maintain range of motion

30
Q

How to care for Ankle fractures/dislocations?

How long are they immobilized?

A

x-ray, RICE, cast/immobilize for 6-8 wks, rehab

31
Q

What are the classification terms when talking about knee instability?

What happens with these over time?

A

knee laxity - straight and rotary instability

Translation - glide of tibial plateau relative to the femoral condyle

laxity and translation increase with injury/wear

32
Q

How to care for ACL sprain?

How long are they immobilized for and what comes after?

A

RICE, arthroscopy to assess injury, need surgery to avoid degeneration, 3-5 weeks of brace, 4-6 months of rehab

33
Q

cause of PCL tear and signs?

A

fall on bent knee or rotational force

pop in the back of the knee, swelling in the popliteal fossa, laxity w posterior sag test

34
Q

What is Runner’s knee called? Signs? Care?

A

Iliotibial band friction syndrome

irritation near insertion, tenderness and swelling over lateral femoral condyle

correct misalignments, ice, avoid aggravating activities

35
Q

What hip problem develops in younger kids 4-10?

A

Legg Calve Perthes Disease

avascular necrosis of the femoral head

36
Q

What is an Iliac Crest Contusion? What are the signs and care methods?

A

Hip Pointer - contusion of iliac crest of abdominals from direct blow

Pain, spasm/transitory paralysis of soft structures

RICE, bed rest, referral, padding

37
Q

What is avulsion fracture?

Signs?

Care?

A

pulling of tendon away and off of bony insertion during acceleration and deceleration

pain, swelling, limited ROM

rest, graduated exercise

38
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Cerebral Concussion?

A

altered levels of consciousness, tinnitus, nausea, dizziness, posttraumatic amnesia, retrograde amnesia, concentration difficulty, blurred vision, photophobia

39
Q

What is the difference between retrograde amnesia and posttraumatic amnesia?

A

retrograde amnesia = can’t remember stuff from before or how event happened

posttraumatic can’t remember familiar things, takes time to recover

40
Q

What is Post Concussion Syndrome?

Signs?

How long does it last?

A

range of post-concussion issues such as headaches, memory, anxiety and irritability

weeks to months

41
Q

What are the causes of Second Impact Syndrome?

What are the Signs and potential outcomes?

A

rapid swelling and herniation after second concussion before initial one was solved, disrupts brain’s blood autoregulatory system

w/ in 15 secs condition rapidly declines, dilated pupils, loss of eye movement, potential coma and respiratory failure

42
Q

What causes a cerebral contusion?

What are the signs?

How to care for it?

A

head strikes a stationary object causing hemorrhaging/ intracranial bleeding

LOC, needs neurological exam for headache, dizziness, and nausea

hospitalize with CT and MRI

43
Q

What causes and Epidural Hematoma?

What are the signs?

A

blow to head or skull fracture which tears meningeal arteries

rapid rise in BP, blood accumulation, and hematoma

44
Q

What are the signs of Epidural Hematoma?

How to care for?

A

LOC followed by lucidity, other symptoms that normally occur with head injuries

urgent hospitalization and CT scan

45
Q

Causes of injury for subdural hematoma?

A

accelerated forces that tear vessels that bridge dura mater and brain

46
Q

How to deal with a orbital hematoma?

A

cold application

47
Q

What causes an orbital fracture?

What are the signs and methods of care?

A

blow to the eyeball forcing it posteriorly

diplopia, restricted eye movement, soft tissue swelling, numbness

x-ray, antibiotics, surgical

First Aid and Injury Development (21 decks)

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