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First Aid and Injury Development > Exam 1 Review > Flashcards

Exam 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is Liability?

A

being legally responsible for harm done to another person

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2
Q

What is Negligence?

A

failure to perform duty or perform it properly

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3
Q

What are the standards of reasonable care?

A

person is capable of performing duty, uses common sense, operates within legal and educational limits

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4
Q

How to Establish Negligence

A
  1. duty existed between healthcare provider and injured person
  2. duty wasn’t fulfilled
  3. injury occurred as a result
  4. damages
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5
Q

Four Elements of Negligence

A
  1. Duty
  2. Breach of duty
  3. Causation
  4. Damages - property, personal, or punitive
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6
Q

What are Torts?

A

legal wrongs committed

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7
Q

What are the different types of torts?

A

Nonfeasance - failure to perform

Malfeasance - not within legal bounds

Misfeasance - performed improperly

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8
Q

What is the statue of limitations?

A

length of time injured person can sue for negligence (1-3 yrs)

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9
Q

What is Assumption of Risk?

A

athlete is made aware of dangers involved with sport

typically a waiver

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10
Q

What is an express warranty?

A

manufacturer’s guarantee that product is safe

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11
Q

who is responsible for equipment standards?

A

National Operating Committee on Standards of Athletic Equipment

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12
Q

What is general health insurance?

A

covers illnesses, hospitalization, and emergency care

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13
Q

What is secondary insurance?

A

provided through institution to cover costs above primary insurance coverage

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14
Q

What type of coverage must athletes have ?

A

primary insurance coverage

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15
Q

What is the Health Maintenance Organization?

A

provides preventive measures and dictates where person can receive care

permission is required to see someone outside of plan (apart from emergencies)

will pay 100% of costs if in plan

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16
Q

What is Preferred Providers Organization?

A

provides discount health care and limits where treatment can be obtained

fee-for-service basis compared to monthly or semi-annual

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17
Q

Why do professionals need insurance

A

lawsuits as a result of injury or negligence

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18
Q

What insurance should professionals get?

A

Errors and Omissions Liability insurance ( can be covered by employers)

Personal Liability insurance ( if working solo)

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19
Q

What are the benefits of warming up?

A

increased body temp, increased blood flow, stretches ligaments and muscles, increased flexibility, and reduces chance of injury

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20
Q

Scientific Benefits of Warm-up?

A

muscles relax and contract faster

increased temp results in decreased viscous resistance, better muscle movement

better oxygen supply

increased metabolic rate

aerobic metabolism is prepped

less restriction to airways ( reduced pulmonary resistance)

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21
Q

What is the difference between strength, muscular endurance, and power?

A

strength - ability to generate force against resistance

muscular endurance - repetitive muscular contractions

power - produce strength quickly and efficiently

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22
Q

What are the differences between isometric, isotonic, and isokinetic contractions?

A

isometric - contraction that results in no change of length

isotonic - concentric and eccentric contractions (basic lifting)

isokinetic - velocity of muscles contraction remains constant, but length of muscle changes

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23
Q

What are the four consideration in training?

A
  1. type of activity
  2. frequency
  3. intensity
  4. duration
24
Q

What 4 mechanism can heat be gained or dissipated from?

A

conduction (direct contact)

convection ( cool air or water)

Radiation ( heat generated from metabolism)

Evaporation ( sweat evaporates from skin)

25
Q

What to consider when sweating?

A

lose 1 qt of water per hour for up to 2 hours

relative humidity of 65% impairs sweat evap

relative humidity of 75% stops evaporation

26
Q

What to think about when monitoring heat index?

A

heat, sunshine, humidity

ambient air temp and relative humidity

WBGT - measures heat and humidity to determine safety measures

27
Q

Describe Heat Syncope

How to Treat

A

overexposure to heat, rapid fatigue, pooling of blood, dizziness

cool yourself

28
Q

Describe Exertional Heat Cramps

How to treat

A

painful muscle spasms caused by overheating, a result of water loss and electrolyte imbalance

balance electrolytes with water, light stretching and ice

29
Q

Describe Heat Exhaustion

How to treat

A

profuse sweating, mild temp, dizziness, hyperventilating, rapid pulse, core of 102

fluids and cool environment

30
Q

Exertional Heatstroke and how to treat

A

seriously life-threatening, sudden onset collapse, flushed hot skin, minimal sweating, shallow breathing, strong rapid pulse, core temp of > 104 F

Treat by strip clothing, sponge with cool water, immerse in water, go to hospital

31
Q

How to prevent heat illness

A

common sense, consume fluids, stay cool, only 50% of fluid is ever replaced

hydration helps with blood volume

water is rapidly absorbed from intestine, cold drinks are best

32
Q

What is the purpose of Gradual Acclimatization

A

best method to avoid heat stress, it’s getting used to heat and training in the heat, progressive exposure for 7-10 days

80% of acclimatization can be achieved in the first 5-6 day with 2-2 hr training sessions

keep track of weight for water loss

33
Q

What is Frostnip and how to treat

A

high winds and severe cold cause cold painless blisters

treat with firm pressure, warm air and dont rub

34
Q

What is Frostbite? Two Types

A

superficial - only skin subcutaneous tissue: pale, hard, re-warming will be painful and blister for weeks

deep frostbite - frozen skin needs hospitalization, gradually rewarm with 100-110F, tissue is red/black, swollen, gangrenous

35
Q

What are the long term effects of overexposure to the sun?

A

premature aging and skin cancer from ultraviolet expousre

36
Q

Dealing with lightening and thunderstorms?

A

2 cause of death with weather phenomena

Emergency action plan will greatly help with decisions

37
Q

What is the Flash-to-bang method

A

estimates distance to storm

time lightening is spotted till thunder is heard, divide count by 5 for mileage

a count of 30 is dangerous

38
Q

What is a primary survey?

A

“on field”

Assessment of life-threatening problems (ABC’s)

assess levels of consciousness (AVPU)

rub knuckles on sternum or do upper trap pinch to evaluate pain

39
Q

On-Field Assessment

A

once you’ve established consciousness

  1. The seriousness of injury
  2. injured person needs to be removed
40
Q

Emergency Splinting Important points

A
  1. splint one joint above and one joint below
  2. splint the injury how it was found it order to avoid making things worse

check circulation and pulse

41
Q

What is difference between ambulatory aid and manual conveyance?

A

ambulatory aid - assistance to someone that could walk on their own

manual conveyance - they need others to move them

42
Q

HEP B (HBV) and symptoms

A

major cause of viral infection, swelling and loss of normal liver function

flu-like symptoms, possibly jaundice

43
Q

How to prevent HBV

A

good personal hygiene and be cautious of fluids

44
Q

Hep C (HCV)

A

acute and chronic liver disease

80% don’t have symptoms
jaundice and liver problems

45
Q

What is Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)?

A

retrovirus that combines with host cell and destroys immune system

43 mil with HIV in 2004

46
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of HIV?

A

fatigue, painful swollen muscles, joints, and glands

antibodies develop after 1 year of exposure

can go 8-10 years without signs and symptoms

47
Q

What is Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome?

A

last stage of HIV

die within 2 years

48
Q

How to prevent HIV

A

safe sex and drugs

drugs: DESCOVY, PrEP, TRUVADA

49
Q

How to deal with athletes wounds?

A

cover open wounds and lesions

avoid cross contamination

avoid blood

50
Q

How to make disinfectant and deal with contaminated items?

A

surfaces should be cleaned with solution of 1:10 ratio (bleach:water)

separate, bag, and label contaminated items like towels

51
Q

What are sharps? How to deal with scissors and tweezers?

A

needles, razors, scalpels

sterilize and disinfect regularly

52
Q

How to deal with puncture wounds?

A

check for rust, leave in body unless in mouth

53
Q

What’s an avulsion? How to treat an avulsion? What’s an incision?

A

Avulsion - skin is torn from body w/ major bleeding

Treatment - place in saline, plastic bag with cold water, take to hospital

Incision - wounds with smooth edges

54
Q

What are abrasions and lacerations?

A

Abrasion - big scraped away skin patch

Laceration - long jagged cut

55
Q

Who is in charge of Universal Precautions? What’s the purpose?

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Provides protection for healthcare provider and patient

56
Q

What’s important to understand about dressing

A

keep sterile, occlusive dressing to minimize scarring, antibacterial ointments limit bacterial growth

57
Q

What are the signs of infection?

A

inflammation, heat, redness, pus, fever

First Aid and Injury Development (21 decks)

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