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Captain Certification 2014 > Reading Smoke > Flashcards

Reading Smoke Flashcards

1
Q

Smoke is what?

A

Fuel

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2
Q

How much of smoke is particulate?

A

70%

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3
Q

What are the key smoke attributes?

A
  • Volume
  • Velocity (Pressure)
  • Density
  • Color
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4
Q

What is the flammable range for CO?

A

12-74%

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5
Q

What is “Black” fire?

A

High volume, high velocity, extremely dense, black smoke

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6
Q

What does “Black” smoke indicate?

A

Impending flashover

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7
Q

What is black, thick, and fast smoke mean?

A

Heat and explosive

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8
Q

What is black, thin, and fast smoke mean?

A

Flame is nearby

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9
Q

What is white smoke with speed mean?

A

Hot, but fire is distant

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10
Q

What is smoke that is uniform in speed and color from many places mean?

A

Deep seated fire

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11
Q

What does “Brown” smoke mean?

A

Burning of unfinished wood, structure fire

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12
Q

What does turbulent smoke indicate?

A

Flashover

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13
Q

What is the most important factor when looking at smoke?

A

Density

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14
Q

Reading smoke uses three concepts, what are they?

A
  • Smoke is Fuel
  • The Fuels Have Changed
  • Smoke has “trigger points” which can cause smoke ignition
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15
Q

Smoke is made up of?

A
  • Particulates
  • Aerosols
  • Gases
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16
Q

Particulates in smoke is made up of?

A
  • Carbon
  • Dust
  • Minute Fibers
17
Q

Aerosols in smoke is made up of?

A
  • Water Vapor

- Hydrocarbons

18
Q

What are some of the gases in smoke?

A
  • Carbon Monoxide
  • Hydrogen Cyanide
  • Benzene
  • Acrolein
19
Q

What was the change in fuels?

A
  • Went from natural to synthetic products.

- Changed to low-mass and high surface-to-mass products

20
Q

What are “trigger points” of smoke?

A
  • Right temp

- Right mixture

21
Q

Guidelines to reading smoke?

A
  • Reading smoke is by no means absolute science
  • Reading smoke is an outside activity
  • Comparison of smoke issuing from various openings is key
  • Reading smoke is just that: read the smoke-not the flames
22
Q

Flames are at there ______ potential, the future of the incident is in the _______.

A

Flames

Smoke

23
Q

What are the 3 steps to reading smoke?

A
  • Inventory and compare the four key attributes of smoke (Volume, Velocity, Density, Color)
  • Evaluate other factors such as the building size and weather influences
  • Determine the rate of change (how fast are the smoke attributes changing)
24
Q
  • Tells how much fuel has off-gassed within a given size box
  • Gives an impression
  • Helps us understand velocity
A

Volume

25
Q
  • How fast is the smoke leaving?
  • Can indicate volume or heat
  • Helps find the location of the actual fire
A

Velocity

26
Q

Smoke velocity can be _____ pushed or ______ pushed.

A
  • Volume

- Heat

27
Q

Smoke that leaves a building and is quick to slow or dissipate is what type of pushed smoke?

A

Volume

28
Q

Smoke velocity that leaves and keeps its energy and speed will alway indicate what type of push smoke?

A

Heat

29
Q

When comparing smoke velocities and heat rise levels to help locate the seat of the fire, what is needed to make this work?

A

To compare only like sized openings

30
Q

How does the size of the opening effect the smoke?

A

The speed in which it can leave

31
Q
  • Quality of burning
  • Severity of event
  • Continuity of fuel
  • Air flow to the fire has been restricted (burning is incomplete)
A

Density

32
Q

The thicker the smoke the more ______ it has become.

A

Explosive

33
Q

What does smoke color tell us?

A
  • Stage of heating

- Location of the fire in the building

34
Q

What does brown smoke tell us?

A

Transitioning from contents to structure fire.
Unfinished wood is being heated
Structural integrity is being lost

35
Q

What can change the meaning of the four attributes of smoke?

A
  • Building size
  • Number of ventilation points
  • Weather

Captain Certification 2014 (44 decks)

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