Chapter 2 Building Construction Flashcards
All the structural elements and connections that support and transfer loads
Gravity Resistance System
An external source of every building; exerts a continued force on a building
Gravity
Forces or other actions that result from the weight of all building materials, occupants and their possessions, environmental effects, differential movement, and restrained dimensional changes
Definition of Loads
An external force that acts on a structure is called a what?
A Load
The internal forces that resist the are load are called what?
Stress and Strain
The force per unit area that produces deformation is called what?
Stress
The actual percentage of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed is called what?
Strain
The four types of forces
- Compression
- Tension
- Torsion
- Shear
The force that squeezes a structural member
Compression
Force that stretches a member
Tension
A twisting force resulting from application of torque
Torsion
Force that occurs within a member when opposing forces pull the member in opposite directions
Shear
Weight of the building itself and any equipment permanently attached to it or built in
Dead Loads
Dead Loads
Weight of the building itself and any equipment permanently attached to it or built in
Fire resistance is closely related to what?
Mass
Any load other than a dead load is also known as what?
A Live Load
Any live load added after construction is known as…
an Added Live Load
A load delivered quickly is known as what type of load?
An Impact Load
A load that is applied slowly and remains constant (a heavy safe)
Static Load
Static Load
A load that is applied slowly and remains constant (a heavy safe)
A force applied by the wind is known as what type of load?
A Wind Load
What are the two classifications of loads?
Axial and Eccentric
A force that passes through the center of the section; the load is perpendicular to the plan of the section
Axial Load
Axial Load
A force that passes through the center of the section
A force that is perpendicular to the plane of the section but does not pass through the center, thus bending the supporting members
Eccentric Load
Eccentric Load
A force that is perpendicular to the plane of the section that does not pass through the center, thus bending the supporting members
Represents the potential fuel available to a fire and the total amount of potential energy (heat) in the fuel
Fire Loads
Represents the ratio of the strength of the material just before failure to the safe working stress
Safety Factor
A fraction of the safety factor is called what kind of load?
A design load
-If the design load is only 1/10 of the tested strength, the safety factor is 10
Elements assembled together into a structure are called a what?
A Structural Frame
When a beam is loaded which direction does it deflect the load?
Downward
What is a camber?
A slight upward rise in a beam that is designed to deflect downward while under load which will allow the beam to be horizontal under load
With the deflection of the beam the top of the beam is _____ with what type of force? The bottom is _____ with what type of force? The length of beam that is unchanged is called the what?
Top— Shortened with compression
Bottom—Elongated with tension
Neutral Axis
