Raleigh and Virginia

Question 1

Who was Walter Raleigh?

Answer 1

he was born in a gentry family
became an explorer and courtier
writer and historian and is associated with popularising tobacco in England

Question 2

What did Elizabeth do in 1584?

Answer 2

he gave a gran to Walter to explore and settle in North America
There were already 2 failed attempts which made it harder

Question 3

What did Raleigh need to do to get people to move to these lands?

Answer 3

He needed a lot of money

encourage potential colonist to move from their homes

Question 4

Why was Raleigh significant?

Answer 4

organised and raised funds for establishment of an English colony
promotes voyages and persuaded people to live in Virginia
appointed the governor or Virginia
developed a “blue print”

Question 5

How was Virginia promoted?

Answer 5

He sent a fact finding expedition to Virginia in 1584
explorer went to barter (traded goods for other goods)
the Indians were friendly

Question 6

Who were Manteo and Wanchese?

Answer 6

they were 2 native american Indians who were bought back to England in 1584
Thomas Harriot learned their language and made an English-Algonquian dictionary and taught them English
they also helped the first English colonist to establish contact with their people

Question 7

How were fund raised?

Answer 7

Native Americans would barter simple things
colony provide work for English cloth markers and merchants
colony would provide exotic material (gold,tobacco)

Question 8

How did Elizabeth 1 help?

Answer 8

She suggested the land should be called after her
she gave him a ship
gunpower worth £400
this encouraged other courtiers to invest

Question 9

What did Raleigh promise investors/how did he help?

Answer 9

he promised he would take any Spanish ship he came across and their cargoes
he invested a lot of his own money

Question 10

Who was going to go to Virginia?

Answer 10

300 colonist 
landowners,farmers and artisans(blacksmiths, carpenters)
hunters and fisherman
clergy
soldiers

Question 11

When were they going to sail to Virginia?

Answer 11

had to set sail in enough time for sowing crops

BUT they cant go with out enough colonist

Question 12

What supplies were needed?

Answer 12

enough food t get across the Atlantic ocean
fresh water to the voyages
tools and raw material for artisans 
farming implements 
salt for preserving food
weapons

Question 13

What ships did they need?

Answer 13

big enough to carry colonist and supplies

well armed in case of an attack by Spanish or pirates

Question 14

What were the other consideration taken place?

Answer 14

colonist could be attacked because Spain controls Caribbean and Florida
animals need to be bought in the Caribbean
building shelter when they arrive
Queen said Walter couldn’t go so who would lead the voyage

Question 15

Did they find the colonists and soldiers?

Answer 15

only 107 colonist came and Walter needed 300 they were all men
almost half were soldiers but there were landowners and a mathematician
only reason they went was because they thought they would get fortunes

Question 16

Why did Walter not go on the voyage to Virginia?

Answer 16

Elizabeth thought it was to dangerous for him to go she didn’t want to lose her favourite courtier
she wanted him to stay in case Spain invaded

Question 17

Who was Richard Grenville?

Answer 17

Expedition commander
very experienced sailor and solider 
adventurous hot headed
did not get on with Ralph Lane 
known to be feared then loved

Question 18

Who was Ralph Lane?

Answer 18

Governor of Virginia
expert on fort building
explorer and a battle hardened solider 
enjoyed hardship and pitting his wites against nature with "can do" nature
He was chosen to  lead the expedition

Question 19

Why was Thomas Harriot a consideration to lead the voyage?

Answer 19

he was a translator and cartographer
Worked with Manteo and Wanchese
understood navigation
skilled at making maps

Question 20

When were the ships sent?

Answer 20

9 April 1585 and one of them landed in late 1585

with several weeks ahead of them but it was already too late for planting some crops their needed for winter

Question 21

Why was the colonisation of Virginia significant?

Answer 21

provided England with base from which to attack Spain’s colonies in the New world

Question 22

What did England want when they went to Virginia?

Answer 22

Rival Spain’s overseas empire and undermine its influence in the new world
so native Americans would turn to England settlers for trade or to help them against Spain

Question 23

Why did the first colonisation fail?

Answer 23

Colonist left England to late to reach Virginia in time to plant crops
before they arrived many were ill
climate was hit which made food rot

Question 24

How did the ship TIGER affect the colonisation?

Answer 24

It became damaged a breach in the hull let sea water ruin the food including seeds for planting
only thing edible was the peas and beans
they were now dependent on Native Americans food

Question 25

What did the colonist expect in Virginia?

Answer 25

merchants came in hoping to get rich and find precious metals but that did not happen they had to get ready for the winter and set up crops which they did not want to do

Question 26

Why did colonist not co operate efficiently?

Answer 26

The merchants and gentlemen had no intension of work but using the Native Americans as labours
colonist who were farmers were not prepared to do work for upper class

Question 27

Why were the soldiers difficult?

Answer 27

did not have skills to farm the land
ill disciplined
at least one solder was executed and left his body to rot to warn others

Question 28

How was raw material a problem?

Answer 28

Many artisans dint have raw materials and stonemasons didn’t have any stone to built forts so they were built form wood

Question 29

What problem did the fishermen face?

Answer 29

gunpowder was spoiled when the tiger was damaged so shooting was difficult
English fisherman technique did not work in shallow waters around Roaoke islands

Question 30

How was winginia?

Answer 30

he was the local chief of Roanoke
he was suspicious of the English
he got tired of their demands for food
he turned against England even though he was welcoming at first

Question 31

What was the superstation Wingina believed?

Answer 31

he believed the English had supernatural powers from their Gods
believed this because many Native Americans died when the English had left
but what it really was the English bought disease from England that wasn’t known to the Native Americans

Question 32

What happend in spring 1586?

Answer 32

Wingina asked other chiefs to join him and attack the English when Lane found out he killed wingina and then they left Virginia and arrived in Portsmouth on 27 July 1586

Question 33

When was the second attempt of colonising Virginia happen?

Answer 33

1587
17 women and several families on board
each was guaranteed with 500 acres of land to farm

Question 34

Who was in charge of the 2 attempt of Virginia?

Answer 34

Manteo-lord of Roanoke

John White-artist who survived the colonisation in 1585 and knew what to expect

Question 35

Why did Manteo led a war?

Answer 35

Because John white adviser George Howe was found dead with 16 arrows in him so Manteo led a rebellion but this was a mistake as it killed some of the remaining friendly Indians

Question 36

What did John White do after the rebel?

Answer 36

Went back to England to update Raleigh and came back to Virginia 3 years later in 1590 it was deserted
it is thoughts that the hurricanes destroyed it
the word CROATOAN was carved on a post suggesting they relocated there but no trace of the colonist were left