Peaceful protest and their impacts Flashcards
What was Campaign C?
on 2 April 1963 SNCC SCLC and ACMRH organised this to end segregation in Birmingham because it was fully segregated
nicknamed “bomingham” due to the bombing of the black churches
What did Campaign C do?
included sit-in, boycotts
hundred of people took part
most adults were arrested so James Bevel trained young black people to demonstrated
2nd May 6000 of them marched and over 900 were arrested
What happened on 3 May?
Campaign C
more people marched and jail were so full Bull Conor ordered the police to use dogs and fire hoses on protestors
this went worldwide and made Kennedy ashamed it also gave propaganda to USSR
What did the protesters learned from Birmingham?
their policy of non violence worked because it won them publicity and sympathy in USA and worldwide
What did the opponents learn from the Birmingham protest?
Violence against protesters would escalate the situation ,gain opponents bad publicity
What was the March on Washington?
28 August 1963
protested for jobs and freedom
Washington was chosen because the white house and congress were located there and over 250,000 people took part
Why was king speech significant?
gained more support and this meant many people saw king as the leader of the movement
Why was the crowd significant?
black and whites protested peacefully together
showed support for civil rights from all classes. Famous people attended
Who saw the march and why was the size signif?
broadcasted on TV in USA and other countries
showed huge support for civil rights across USA
federal nor state could argue it was minor
What was the freedom summer 1964?
volunteers went to Mississippi to work with local campaigners on projects in the black community.
Why was voter registration important/who were the volunteers?
1964 was an election year
white volunteers went to help and when they were attacked it made the violence bigger than what it actually was
What were the Mississippi murders?
21 June Micheal Schwerner Andrew Goodman and James charney were arrested whilst going to schwerner’s house and released that evening
they were murdered on their way home by kkk members SNCC and CORE members tried to find their bodies
What did SNCC and CORE members find?
They found the car as a burnt wreck on 23 June as well as the bodies of 8 black men and 3 of them which were later on identified as CORE workers
but the bodies of micheal james and andrews were found on 4 august they were shot
What were the consequences of the freedom summers?
over 17000 tried to register in total but only 1600 actually voted
people were beaten up and the lost their jobs and they were even people murdered
When did king come to Selma?
local group invited SCLC on jan 1965 this was this same time Johnson was stressing the need for voting rights act to make voting test fair and help black Americans to qualify
Whay happend on the 7 March ?
600 protestors set out to march from Selma to Montgomery
state troopers stopped them at Edmund bridge and fired tear gas and attack protestor with electric cattle prods
called bloody Sunday
What happened on the 17 march?
Johnson used an executive order to federalize the state national guard.They then escorted the marchers from selma to Montgomery and king led the march
When was the civil rights act signed?
2 July 1964
What was the civil rights act 1964?
banned discrimination in voter registration test and in public space
banned job discrimination
gave the government power to force school desegregation
and the right to remove federal funding form state project
When was the voting rights act established?
6 August 1965 signed by Johnson
what was the voting rights act?
1 voting registration required enforced by federal gov state could set qualifications rules with federal gov approval
federal official to run the registration in any sates and in all states where under 50% of those qualified to vote were registered
What happened at the end of 1965?
it was a slow process and people only voted because of federal intervention
end of 1965 black people were angry about how far the campaign for civil rights had actually improved their lives
What did the Justice department deal with?
civil rights by enforcing laws or stopping state authorised violence against black Americans
How could the president be involved in the justice department?
could intervene by using executive orders
they could send in troops
could speak in favour for civil rights and against discrimination
they could appoint high-level positions to black people
When was Kennedy assassinated?
22 Nov 1963
Johnson became president and pushed for the voting bill in the memory of kennedy
What did kennedy need to do in order to get this bill signed?
support from ordinary american voters and members of congress and southern Dixiecrats who opposed civil rights
they also wanted to minimise federal intervention in state affairs
