Malcolm x and black power 1963-70 Flashcards
When was Malcolm born and what happened to his parents?
He was born on 19 May 1925
his farther farther was murder when he was 6 and his mum had a breakdown and the kids got put in foster care
When was Malcolm introduced to Islam?
he went to prison in 1946 for burglary and he then joined NOI nation of Islam.
What did the NOI teach Malcolm?
shared muslim beliefs and belive in black nationalism
they said white Americans deliberately held white people back and that black people needed their own state for now they should press for equal facilities but not integregate
What did Malcolm do when he came out of prison?
He became an NOI minister then its spokesmen he was clever and articulate and by 1963 he had 30,000 members
What did Malcom X believe?
rejected non-violent direct action and criticized king because no matter what how hard they worked to gain equality blacks were always seen as second class
What happened in 1964?
Malcolm left NOI and started his own religious organisation Muslim Mosque Inc.NOI made speeches against him and sent him death threats
What happened after Malcolm went to Mecca?
His views changed he was more willing to consider integration and accept white help
he set up organisation of African American Unity and said it would work with other groups
He held meeting with SNC and CORE
Where was he assassinated and who by?
The shift of belief made the NOI want to kill him so they firebombed his home several times.He had to travel with body guards all the time
Whilst making a speech he was shot on stage on the 21 Feb 1965 by the NOI
What happened after Malcom death?
After his death many focused on his early belief and criticisms of non-violent direct actions
since 1965 black people rejected non-violence
What was black power?
slogan used by black radical groups encouraged black to be proud of their heritage rejected help from white people argued against forced integration used militant language
Who supported black power?
They main support was the poor people because they wanted to improve social issues and they did achieve results .
Why did black power have support?
pride and self-belief
results-got results on local issues
shift in protest issues-protested about other issue to(poverty)
anger at continuing problems
slow progress-civil rights act did not sort the problem of segregation & voter registration in deep south
Who set up the Lowndes County Freedom Organisation and why?
Stokely Michael os SNCC & others
represent black Americans
they logo was a panther and the slogan said”vote for the panther,then go home”
When was Michael elected as chairman of SNCC/what did he do?
in May 1966
believed in non-violent direct action
started SNCC campaigners in the north especially in city ghettos
What was the March against fear?
June 1966 james Meredith led this march through Mississippi protesting about the violence black Americans faced in the south
he was shot the next day
Who took charge and what were they methods?
King and Stokely took charge of the march
KING-non violent
STOKELY-militants speeches and urged people to demand black power
lost black members because of their new belief
What happened at the Mexico Olympics 1968?
Carlos & Smith won gold medals and the national anthem was played whilst they were handed out they also clenched they first which was raised this was the black power symbol
What happened to carlos and Smith?
Audience booed at them and faced death threats and they were suspended from US olympics team
newspaper and politicians condemned them
they actions inspired young people
When was black Panther set up/what did they protest about?
in october 1966 California
attracted media attention and went to state capitol carrying guns to protests against a proposed law to stop people openly carrying guns
What id the Black panthers do for the community?
patrolled streets in black community controlled traffic because children were getting hit by cars ran courses on black history ran breakfast clubs pressed white officials to help ghettos
What did the Panthers achieve?
helped improve living condition in ghetto community
health clings and breakfast club was most successful
Why did some panthers get arrested?
they raided banks because many black business didn’t support them and they needed the money
provoked the police by engaging in shoot-outs
What law was passed on July 1967?
illegal to carry guns in public spaces
what was “Free Huey”?
Huey Newton was badly wounded in a shoot-out with the police and charged with murder
panthers campaigned “free Huey” this led to many more joining them by 1968 25 cities with panther groups
