Progress In Education Flashcards
When did Brown v Topeka happen?
1952 NAACP bundled 5 schools desegregation cases and took them to supreme court as brown v Topeka
What did the NAACP lawyer argue for in the Brown v Topeka case?
separate was not equal even with equal provision because segregated school made black children inferior
Argued 14th amendment was broken because it made black unequal
What happened by December 1952?
supreme court had not made a ruling.
voted to hear more legal advice and try the case again.
Before the retrial a pro-segregation judge died and was replaced by Earl Warren who was not pro-segregation(led the group)
What happened on the 17 May 1954?
Supreme court ruled that life has changed since Plessy ruling separate but equal had no place in education and schools had to desegregate
What happed in the end?
1954 supreme court set no time scale of desegregation but in May 1955 a second supreme court case based on brown ruled desegregation should be carried out
What changes were made in the South?
District of Columbia desegregated schools
protest about federal intervention and some petitions not to desegregate very little violence
end of 1957 723 school district had desegregated
What was black Monday?
Happened in the deep south
the day Brown decision became knows as Black Monday
an extreme white backlash began
black children who had previously integrated in white schools were the target and they were threatened
What happened in the deep south?
Many school boards said they would desegregate but they didn’t
Bryd of Virginia said he would close public schools that tried to desegregate
WCC(white citizen Council) set up in July 1954 and maintained segregation they used extreme violence
What was the Long term significance of Brown?
constant legal pressure for desegregation in the south also increased awareness of civil rights issues
deep south student and teachers were kept hostile and black children went to school everyday through mobs
Many black teachers lost their job
Who was the little rock nine?
about 75 student applied the school board chose 25 and at the start of the school year in 1957 9 student were willing to go
they faced violence and threats about losing their jobs
Who was the opponent of Little Rock Nine?
Orval Fabius the government of Arkansas send 250 state troops to the school to “keep the peace” ,stopping black students from coming in
the school board told the black students to miss the first day.
What happened to Elizabeth Eckford?
Daisy bates arranged for the students to come together the next day Eliz didn’t get the message and came by herself
she was walking through a mob of any white people shouting “lynch her”
How was The incidence recognised?
4 September 250 reporters and photographer came outside it was spread everywhere and there was an outrage
What did Eisenhower do to help Little rock?
23 Sept Faubus removed his troops(as Eisenhower ordered) but there was still rioting outside school
Police chief took the black students out of the school and blamed them
When was the presidential order signed?
24 sept
sent over 1000 federal troops to little rock and Faubus troop were under federal control
action was so controversial he explained himself on tv
