Quiz Review Slides: Unit 5&6

Question 1

Which is FALSE?
Special senses have ______ while somatic senses have _____.

A. receptors located in the head / receptors located in the body

B. thalamocortical relay / no thalamocortical relay

C. receptors localized to specific organs / distributed receptors

D. specialized organs and structures (ear, nose, eye) / general structures (skin)

Answer 1

B. thalamocortical relay / no thalamocortical relay

Question 2

Mechanoreceptor

A. Presence of a particular chemical

B. Movement or force

C. Heat or temperature

D. Light

E. Polymodal (noxious stimuli)

Answer 2

B. Movement or force

Question 3

Photoreceptor

A. Presence of a particular chemical

B. Movement or force

C. Heat or temperature

D. Light

E. Polymodal (noxious stimuli)

Answer 3

D. Light

Question 4

Chemoreceptor

A. Presence of a particular chemical

B. Movement or force

C. Heat or temperature

D. Light

E. Polymodal (noxious stimuli)

Answer 4

A. Presence of a particular chemical

Question 5

Thermoreceptor

A. Presence of a particular chemical

B. Movement or force

C. Heat or temperature

D. Light

E. Polymodal (noxious stimuli)

Answer 5

C. Heat or temperature

Question 6

Nociceptor

A. Presence of a particular chemical

B. Movement or force

C. Heat or temperature

D. Light

E. Polymodal (noxious stimuli)

Answer 6

E. Polymodal (noxious stimuli)

Question 7

Which cranial nerves carry gustation?

A. I, II, and VII

B. Vagus, glossopharyngeal, and olfactory

C. VII, IX, and X

D. Vestibuluocochlear, vagus, and facial

Answer 7

C. VII, IX, and X

Question 8

True (A) or False (B):

Olfactory, gustatory, auditory receptors are similar in the way that they all have separate receptors, none of which are first-order neurons.

Answer 8

False! Olfactory receptors are considered true neurons (as are photoreceptors, all classes of somatoreceptors, and enteroreceptors for visceral sensation)

Question 9

In the phototransduction pathway, which protein (when activated) directly converts cGMP to GMP, leading to the closure of sodium channels in photoreceptors and excitation of bipolar cells?

A) Rhodopsin

B) Transducin

C) Phosphodiesterase

D) Glutamate

Answer 9

C) Phosphodiesterase

Question 10

What somatosensory pathway is responsible for the sensation of touch, originating below the neck?

A. Dorsal column-medial lemniscus

B. Spinothalamic

C. Trigeminothalamic

D. Spinocerebellar

Answer 10

A. Dorsal column-medial lemniscus

Question 11

Sensation does NOT require:

A. Conscious awareness

B. A sensory receptor

C. A brain region for integration

Answer 11

A. Conscious awareness

Question 12

Definition of sensation

Answer 12

Sensation: conscious or subconscious awareness of change in external or internal environment
Requires:
1. Stimulus
2. Sensory receptor
3. Neural pathway
4. Brain region for integration

Question 13

Definition of perception

Answer 13

Perception: conscious awareness and interpretation of sensation
– Occurs in cerebral cortex

Question 14

What are A-alpha, A-beta, A-delta, and C fibers?

A. Types of motor nerves, descending by size

B. The classes of primary somatosensory afferent axons

C. First- through fourth-order neurons in the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway

D. Different modalities of nociceptors

Answer 14

B. The classes of primary somatosensory afferent axons

Question 15

Nociceptors:

Answer 15

Free nerve endings in every tissue except brain

– Can respond to any excessive stimulus

– Minimal adaptation

• Primary afferent axons:
  – Aα, Aβ, Aδ, C fibers
  – C fibers mediate pain