Quiz II: Unit 5/6

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a neuron?

A)C-fiber sensory afferents with free nerve endings

B) gustatory receptors in tastebuds

C) photoreceptors in retina

D) olfactory receptors in nasal epithelium

E) retinal ganglion cells

Answer 1

B) gustatory receptors in tastebuds

Question 2

Which of the following is an important factor for generating changes in hair cell receptor potential when stereocillia bend?

A) Equilibrium potential of -80mV for K+ ions

B) Opening of Na+ channels

C) High concentration of K+ in endolymph.

D) High concentration if Cl- in perilymph.

Answer 2

C) High concentration of K+ in endolymph.

Question 3

Define “receptor potential.”

A) The potential for a receptor to fire.

B) Hyperpolarization of the receptor cell membrane

C) An action potential in a sensory axon

D) A change in membrane potential of a recptor cell in response to an appropriate stimulus.

Answer 3

D) A change in membrane potential of a recptor cell in response to an appropriate stimulus.

Question 4

Damage bisecting the midline of the optic chiasm would result in a visual deficit:

A) primarily of peripheral vision, bilaterally.

B) primarily of central vision, bilaterally.

C) primarily of central vision, unilaterally.

D) primarily of peripheral vision, unilaterally.

E) encompassing total loss of vision.

Answer 4

A) primarily of peripheral vision, bilaterally.

Question 5

Chemoreceptors in the olfactory epithelium detect odorant molecules. When an appropriate odorant is present:

A) the chemoreceptors will release serotonin to signal the neurons in the olfactory bulb.

B) become hyperpolarized and stop releasing neurotransmitter.

C) GPCRs activate the G-protein GOLF.

D) cAMP levels fall, allowing a cation channel to open.

Answer 5

C) GPCRs activate the G-protein GOLF.

Question 6

Hair cells in the vestibular system:

A) are replaced throughout one’s lifespan by basal cells that generate new receptors.

B) are first-order neurons.

C) are depolarized by K+ channel mechanoreceptors.

D) respond to specific sound frequencies.

E) transduce signals via GPCRs.

Answer 6

C) are depolarized by K+ channel mechanoreceptors.

Question 7

Bitter tastants are ligands for:

A) T1R dimer GPCRs

B) T2R dimer GPCRs

C) T1R dimer ion channels

D) T2R dimer ion channels

E) TRPV1 receptors

Answer 7

B) T2R dimer GPCRs

Question 8

The primary olfactory and gustatory areas in the cortex are ________ and _________, respectively.

A) parietal lobe, temporal lobe

B) parietal lobe, frontal lobe

C) temporal lobe, parietal lobe

D) temporal lobe, occipital lobe

E) None of these options is correct.

Answer 8

C) temporal lobe, parietal lobe

Question 9

Information about the left visual field is directed towards the right side of the brain. Fibers in the nasal portion of the left retina cross to the right side of the brain at which of the following locations?

A) Optic tract

B) Optic nerve

C) Optic chiasm

D) Optic tract axons

Answer 9

C) Optic chiasm

Question 10

In sight, a nerve impulse travels from the:

A) ganglion cells to bipolar cells to rods and cones.

B) rods and cones to bipolar cells to ganglion cells

C) bipolar cells to rods and cones to ganglion cells

D) rods and cones to ganglion cells to bipolar cells

E) None of these options is correct.

Answer 10

B) rods and cones to bipolar cells to ganglion cells

Question 11

Tasting sourness occurs when:

A) protons enter the taste receptor cell via a channel.

B) protons activate a GPCR on the taste receptor cell.

C) protons are released onto the gustatory afferent axon as a neurotransmitter.

D) sour taste receptor cells release glutamate onto gustatory afferent axons.

E) taste buds on the tip of the tongue fire action potentials.

Answer 11

A) protons enter the taste receptor cell via a channel.

Question 12

Which is an example of referred pain?

A) Shoulder pain while throwing a baseball

B) Pain still present several minutes after stubbing your toe

C) Pain felt in the left arm during heart attack

D) Pain down your leg from a pinched sciatic nerve

Answer 12

C) Pain felt in the left arm during heart attack

Question 13

The cone photoreceptors:

A) are most concentrated in the blind spot.

B) are depolarized by light, inducing release of glutamate.

C) are selective to wavelenghts of light because of chemical differences in the retinal photopigment.

D) are primarily located in the fovea.

E) are roughly equal in number to rods.

Answer 13

D) are primarily located in the fovea.

Question 14

Stimulus adaptation is minimal when the sensation:

A) is ongoing.

B) is a chemosensation.

C) is tactile.

D) is thermal.

E) is painful.

Answer 14

E) is painful.

Question 15

Free nerve endings are the receptors for:

A) pain.

B) vibration.

C) pressure.

D) proprioception.

E) sound vibrations.

Answer 15

A) pain.

Question 16

The perception of a stimulus:

A) occurs prior to the sensation of the stimulus.

B) occurs subsequently to adaptation to the stimulus.

C) can occur in the absence of sensation.

D) requires the stimulus’ sensation as well.

Answer 16

D) requires the stimulus’ sensation as well.

Question 17

Cranial nerve VIII carries information related to:

A) audition.

B) olfaction.

C) vision.

D) taste.

E) touch, pain, and tickle from the head and neck.

Answer 17

A) audition.

Question 18

This is the only special sense that can bypasses the thalamus and proceed directly to primary sensory cortex.

A) vision

B) hearing

C) smell

D) taste

E) vestibular sense

Answer 18

C) smell

Question 19

Cranial nerves VII, IX, and X carry:

A) gustatory sensation.

B) olfactory sensation.

C) visual sensation.

D) auditory sensation.

E) vestibular sensation.

Answer 19

A) gustatory sensation.

Question 20

Auditory hair cells:

A) depolarize when Na+ enters via ligand-gated channels

B) depolarize when K+ flows into the cell via tip-linked mechanosensitive channels

C) hyperpolarize when Na+ exits the cell via Ca2+-activated channels

D) hyperpolarizes when K+ exits the cell via leak channels

E) depolarize primarily due to Ca2+ influx via mechanoreceptive channels

Answer 20

B) depolarize when K+ flows into the cell via tip-linked mechanosensitive channels

Question 21

Taste receptors may respond to:

A) tastants passing through ion channels.

B) tastants binding to channel receptors.

C) tastants binding to GPCRs.

D) All of the above.

Answer 21

D) All of the above.

Question 22

A lack of basal cells in a sensory tissue indicates that the receptors:

A) are GPCR-mediated.

B) are likely unable to regenerate after injury.

C) are not neurons.

D) are thermosensitive

E) are mechanosensitive

Answer 22

B) are likely unable to regenerate after injury.

Question 23

KNOW: The trigeminothalamic pathway, which carries sensations of pain, temperature, and touch from the face, is pictured in which figure part?

Answer 23

(model c)

Question 24

FALSE DESCRIPTION: The spinothalamic pathway is responsible for sensation of proprioception, pressure, temperature, and pain, and it is pictured in which figure part?

Answer 24

Know

Question 25

FALSE DESCRIPTION: Which pathway has a population of second-order neurons that partially decussate, and partially remain on the ipsilateral side?

Answer 25

know