Midterm TA Review Flashcards
Which of the following is the name of region 5?
a. Medulla
b. Pons
c. Cerebrum
d. Cerebellum
d. Cerebellum
What is the primary function of region 3?
a. Hearing
b. Somatosensation
c. Vision
d. Balance
b. Somatosensation
The primary motor cortex and Broca’s Area are located in which region?
a. Frontal lobe
b. Temporal lobe
c. Parietal lobe
d. Frontal lobe and temporal lobe,
respectively
a. Frontal lobe
__________classification of neurons is based on the number of neurites originating from the soma.
a. Functional
b. Structural
c. Synaptic
d. Connective
b. Structural
What is the structural classification of motor neurons?
a. Unipolar
b. Bipolar
c. Pseudo-bipolar
d. Multipolar
e. A and C
e. A and C
Sensory neurons:
a. Are also known as efferent neurons
b. Are also known as afferent neurons
c. Carry info to the PNS
d. Carry info to the CNS
e. A & C
f. A & D
g. B & C
h. B & D
h. B & D
Which of the following is true of oligodendrocytes?
a. They’re myelinating glia of the PNS
b. They’re myelinating glia of the CNS
c. One oligo can ensheath one axon/part of an axon
d. One oligo can ensheath multiple axons
e. A and C
f. A & D
g. B & C
h. B & D
h. B & D
Which of the following is not a glial cell type of the CNS?
a. Astrocytes
b. Microglia
c. Satellite cells
d. Ependymal cells
c. Satellite cells
What is the function of satellite cells?
a. Immune response
b. Nourish surrounding neurons
c. Engulf dead neurons/cells in the PNS
d. Help myelinate axons of the PNS
b. Nourish surrounding neurons
Which glial cell fits all of the descriptions below?
- Most numerous glia in the brain
- Fills spaces between neurons
- Influence neurite growth
- Regulate chemical content of extracellular space
- Help form the blood brain barrier (BBB)
- Facilitate communication between neurons
a. Ependymal cells
b. Oligodendrocytes
c. Satellite cells
d. Astrocytes
e. Microglia
f. Schwhan cells
d. Astrocytes
The inside of a neuron is _____ negative than the outside at RMP.
a. More
b. Less
c. Equally
a. More
There is a ____ concentration of K+ inside of a neuron relative to the outside at RMP.
a. Higher
b. Lower
c. Equal
a. Higher
There is a ____ concentration of Na+ inside of a neuron relative to the outside at RMP.
a. Higher
b. Lower
c. Equal
b. Lower
Which of the following does not contribute to RMP?
a. Concentration of ions is different inside and outside the neuron
b. Membrane permeability differs for Na+ and K+
c. Na+/K+ pump
d. Leakage channels
e. Voltage-gated Na+ channels
e. Voltage-gated Na+ channels
Which of the following has the incorrect equilibrium potential (Eion) listed?
a. ENa = +60 mV
b. EK = -75 mV
c. ECl = -70 mV
d. ECa = +130 mV
b. EK = -75 mV
If the membrane potential of a membrane containing channels selective to Cl- is +70 mV, what direction will the net Cl- flow be?
a. No net flow of Cl- ions
b. Cl- ions will flow into the cell
c. Cl- ions will flow out of the cell
b. Cl- ions will flow into the cell
The Nernst equation is different from the Goldman-HodgkinKatz (GHK) equation in that:
a. It can only be used to calculate Eion for Na+, no other ions
b. The Nernst equation calculates for membrane potential
c. The Nernst equation calculates the Eion for each individual ion without accounting for the permeability of other ions
d. They’re essentially the same; they just calculate membrane
potential using different formulas. GHK is more recent, so it’s
used more often.
c. The Nernst equation calculates the Eion for each individual ion without accounting for the permeability of other ions
During depolarization, _____ ions rush into the cell.
a. K+
b. Na+
c. Cl-
b. Na+
During the ______ refractory period, a strong stimulus _____ induce another AP
a. Absolute; can
b. Absolute; cannot
c. Relative; can
d. Relative; cannot
e. A & C
f. A & D
g. B & C
h. B & D
g. B & C
A ____ axon has the fastest propagation speed at ____temperatures.
a. Larger, myelinated; lower temp
b. Larger, unmyelinated; higher temp
c. Larger, myelinated; higher temp
d. Smaller, myelinated; higher temp
e. Smaller, myelinated; lower temp
c. Larger, myelinated; higher temp
All of these are _____.
(Leakage channels, ligand-gated channels, voltage-gated channels, mechanically gated ion channels)
a. GPCRs
b. Ion channels
c. A combination of GPCRs and ion channels
b. Ion channels
Which of these characteristics are associated with an electrical synapse?
A. Two-Way transmission
B. Synaptic Delay
C. Connexins
D. All of the Above
E. A and C
E. A and C
What is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord?
A. GABA
B. Glycine
C. Glutamate
D. Acetylcholine
B. Glycine
What neurotransmitter did Otto Loewi discover?
A. GABA
B. Glycine
C. Glutamate
D. Acetylcholine
D. Acetylcholine
What are the characteristics of a gaseous neurotransmitter?
A. Diffusion through tissues
B. Anterograde Signal
C. Signal Localization
D. Both A and C
E. All of the above
A. Diffusion through tissues
What is/are the mechanism(s) for neurotransmitter removal from the synaptic cleft?
A. Diffusion
B. Reuptake
C. Breakdown by enzymes
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of these are catecholamines?
A. Dopamine
B. Acetylcholine
C. Serotonin
D. Epinephrine
E. A and D
F. B and D
E. A and D
What type of receptors are Glutamate-like receptors?
A. Pentamers
B. Tetramers
C. Dimers
D. Trimers
B. Tetramers
When a GPCR is (active) what is bound to a subunit?
A. GTP bound to beta subunit
B. GDP bound to alpha subunit
C. GTP bound to alpha subunit
D. GTP bound to gamma subunit
C. GTP bound to alpha subunit
When a GPCR is (inactive) what is bound to a subunit?
A. GTP bound to beta subunit
B. GDP bound to alpha subunit
C. GTP bound to alpha subunit
D. GTP bound to gamma subunit
B. GDP bound to alpha subunit
Which of these are involved in G-Protein signaling?
A. IP3
B. PIP2
C. DAG
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
The ascending tract makes up the ________ matter while the descending tract makes up the __________ matter.
A. White; white
B. Gray; gray
C. White; gray
D. Gray; white
A. White; white
Which of these makes up the Diencephalon?
A. Thalamus
B. Hypothalamus
C. Medulla Oblongata
D. Both A and C
E. Both A and B
E. Both A and B
_______ make up the Blood Brain Barrier.
A. Ependymal Cells
B. Microglia
C. Schwann Cells
D. Astrocytes
E. Oligodendrocytes
D. Astrocytes
Which of these things apply to Basal Nuclei?
A. Part of both Nervous systems
B. Fear complex
C. Initiation control
D. All of the above
C. Initiation control
Sensory Nerves are part of the ______ tract and motor nerves are part of the ______ tract.
A. Dorsal; Dorsal
B. Ventral; Ventral
C. Dorsal; Ventral
D. Ventral; Dorsal
C. Dorsal; Ventral
Which of these nerves is within the arm?
A. Sciatic
B. Radial
C. Ulnar
D. B and C
D. B and C
The vestibulocochlear nerve is a ______ nerve and its main function is _______.
A. Motor; Equilibrium
B. Sensory; Taste
C. Sensory; Hearing
D. Mixed; Equilibrium
C. Sensory; Hearing
Where is the vagus nerve located?
A. Medulla
B. Pons
C. Cerebrum
D. Thalamus
A. Medulla
The sensory neuron is also called the ______ neuron and the motor neuron is called the ________ neuron.
A. Efferent; Facial
B. Afferent; Mixed
C. Afferent; Afferent
D. Afferent; Efferent
D. Afferent; Efferent
Bell’s Palsy is caused by damage to which nerve?
A. Vagus
B. Trigeminal
C. Facial
D. All of the above
C. Facial
