Final: Week 3 Study Guide Flashcards
Which of the following is NOT considered a major somatic motor pathway?
A) Corticospinal pathway
B) Rubrospinal pathway
C) Tectospinal pathway
D) Corticobulbar pathway
E) Vestibulospinal pathway
E) Vestibulospinal pathway
The corticospinal pathway is also known as the:
A) Rubrospinal pathway
B) Lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus
C) Anterior cerebrospinal fasciculus
D) Pyramidal tract
E) Extrapyramidal tract
D) Pyramidal tract
Which neuronal component of the somatic motor system is responsible for transmitting signals from the brain to the spinal cord or brainstem?
A) Upper motor neurons
B) Lower motor neurons
C) Sensory neurons
D) Interneurons
E) Motor units
A) Upper motor neurons
Hyporeflexia refers to:
A) Increased reflexes
B) Decreased reflexes
C) Absent reflexes
D) Spontaneous reflexes
B) Decreased reflexes
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of upper motor neuron disorders?
A) Muscle weakness
B) Spasticity
C) Hyporeflexia
D) Hyperreflexia
C) Hyporeflexia
What is the function of the basal ganglia in movement?
A) Initiating movement
B) Inhibiting unwanted movement
C) Coordinating fine motor movements
D) Sensory processing
The correct answers are A) Initiating movement, B) Inhibiting unwanted movement, and C) Coordinating fine motor movements.
The basal ganglia are involved in initiating voluntary movements, inhibiting unwanted or inappropriate movements, and coordinating fine motor movements. They help to ensure that movements are smooth, coordinated, and purposeful. Sensory processing is not a primary function of the basal ganglia in movement control.B) Inhibiting unwanted movement
Which disorder is characterized by degeneration of the upper and lower motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy?
A) Parkinson’s disease
B) Huntington’s disease
C) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
D) Tourette’s syndrome
C) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
The Babinski sign is indicative of:
A) Upper motor neuron lesion
B) Lower motor neuron lesion
C) Basal ganglia dysfunction
D) Cerebellar ataxia
A) Upper motor neuron lesion
Which of the following is NOT part of the basal ganglia?
A) Globus pallidus
B) Putamen
C) Caudate nucleus
D) Thalamus
D) Thalamus
What is the role of the cerebellum in movement?
A) Initiating movement
B) Inhibiting unwanted movement
C) Coordinating fine motor movements
D) Sensory processing
C) Coordinating fine motor movements
Which disorder is characterized by involuntary movements, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric symptoms?
A) Parkinson’s disease
B) Huntington’s disease
C) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
D) Tourette’s syndrome
B) Huntington’s disease
Hyperreflexia refers to:
A) Increased reflexes
B) Decreased reflexes
C) Absent reflexes
D) Spontaneous reflexes
A) Increased reflexes
Which type of motor neuron is responsible for directly innervating muscle fibers?
A) Upper motor neuron
B) Lower motor neuron
C) Sensory neuron
D) Interneuron
B) Lower motor neuron
Which of the following is NOT part of the indirect motor pathway?
A) Rubrospinal pathway
B) Tectospinal pathway
C) Corticospinal pathway
D) Vestibulospinal pathway
C) Corticospinal pathway
Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in transmitting signals in the basal ganglia?
A) Dopamine
B) Serotonin
C) Acetylcholine
D) GABA
A) Dopamine
Which disorder is characterized by progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra?
A) Parkinson’s disease
B) Huntington’s disease
C) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
D) Tourette’s syndrome
A) Parkinson’s disease
What is the primary function of the rubrospinal pathway?
A) Control of voluntary movements of the limbs
B) Control of posture and balance
C) Coordination of eye movements
D) Inhibition of unwanted movements
A) Control of voluntary movements of the limbs
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for initiating voluntary movements?
A) Cerebellum
B) Basal ganglia
C) Motor cortex
D) Thalamus
C) Motor cortex
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Parkinson’s disease?
A) Tremors
B) Rigidity
C) Athetosis
D) Bradykinesia
C) Athetosis
The corticobulbar pathway is responsible for controlling:
A) Voluntary movements of the limbs
B) Reflexes
C) Autonomic functions
D) Voluntary movements of the face and head
D) Voluntary movements of the face and head
