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Anatomy 111 > Quiz: Nervous System, Ch 9 > Flashcards

Quiz: Nervous System, Ch 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Central nervous system is comprised of…

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Functions of the autonomic nervous system…

A

Innervation of glands, smooth / cardiac muscles

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3
Q

Describe the nervous system integrative function…

A

Analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions

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4
Q

Functions of astrocytes…

A

Support and brace neurons; anchor neurons to blood vessels; control chemical environment around neurons; guide migration of young neurons

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5
Q

The ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid…

A

Ependymal cells

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6
Q

Bipolar neurons are commonly found…

A

In the retina of the eye

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7
Q

Characteristics of neurons…

A

High metabolic rate; extreme longevity; conduct impulses; amitotic

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8
Q

Part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body

A

Axon

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9
Q

Collections of nerve cell bodies in the PNS…

A

Ganglia

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10
Q

Neuron whose primary function is to connect other neurons…

A

Interneuron (aka. association or relay neuron)

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11
Q

Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering ions such as potassium and recapturing and recycling neurotransmitters…

A

Astrocytes

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12
Q

Schwann cells are functionally similar to…

A

Oligodendrocytes (found in CNS, whereas Schwann cells are found in PNS)

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13
Q

The interior of the cell becomes less negative due to an influx of sodium ions…

A

Depolarization

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14
Q

The specific period during which potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron due to a change in membrane permeability…

A

Repolarization

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15
Q

Also called a nerve impulse transmitted by axons…

A

Action potential

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16
Q

Phase where the neuron cannot respond to a second stimulus, no matter how strong…

A

Absolute refractory period

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17
Q

Ion channel that opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials….

A

Voltage-gated channel

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18
Q

Saltatory conduction is made possible by…

A

Myelin sheath

19
Q

First cellular gate to open immediately after an action potential has peaked…

A

Potassium (K+)

20
Q

The interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differs from the external environment in that the interior is…

A

Negatively charged and contains less sodium

21
Q

Numerous nerve impulses arriving at a synapse at closely timed intervals exert a cumulative effect (called)…

A

Temporal summation

22
Q

Stimulation of a postsynaptic neuron by many terminals at the same time (called)…

A

Spatial summation

23
Q

An insufficient stimulus to cause neural response…

A

Subthreshold stimulus

24
Q

Any stimulus below this intensity will result in no response in a neuron…

A

Threshold stimulus

25
Q

An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via…

A

Synapse

26
Q

Prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another…

A

Synaptic cleft

27
Q

Short-lived, local changes in membrane potential of varying amplitudes…

A

Graded potentials

28
Q

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is associated with…

A

Hyperpolarization

29
Q

Role of acetylcholinesterase…

A

Destroys ACh a brief period after its release by the axon endings

30
Q

An excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle…

A

Acetylcholine

31
Q

Substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse…

A

Neurotransmitter

32
Q

Chemical classes of neurotransmitters…

A

Amino acids, gasotransmitters, monoamines, trace amines, peptides and purines

33
Q

The movement of ions across excitable membranes is affected by…

A

Sodium gates in the membrane, which can open in response to electrical potential changes

34
Q

Neuroglia that function as phagocytes…

A

Microglia

35
Q

Number of cranial nerves and spinal nerves…

A

Cranial 12 pairs (24)

Spinal 31 pairs (62)

36
Q

Organization of nervous system…

A

Central Nervous (CNS) -> Peripheral (PNS)
PNS -> Sensory (afferent) and Motor (efferent) divisions
Motor -> Somatic Nervous and Autonomic (ANS)
ANS -> Sympathetic and Parasympathetic divisions

37
Q

Functional classifications of neurons…

A

Sensory (afferent), Motor (efferent), Interneurons (integrative)

38
Q

Structural classifications of neurons…

A

Multipolar (CNS, inter and motor), Bipolar (special sensory), Unipolar (PNS, sensory)

39
Q

White matter vs Gray matter…

A

White (dense collection of myelinated fibers)

Gray (mostly soma and unmyelinated fibers)

40
Q

Gaps in the myelin sheath between adjacent schwann cells…

A

Nodes of Ranvier

41
Q

Ion channels that open with the binding of a specific neurotransmitter…

A

Chemically/Ligand-gated channels

42
Q

Ion channels that open and close in response to physical deformation of receptors…

A

Mechanically gated channels

43
Q

An autoimmune disease characterized by visual disturbances, weakness, loss of muscular control and urinary incontinence, on account of…

A

Severed nerve fibers and myelin sheaths becoming nonfunctional scleroses; shunting and short-circuiting of nerve impulses occur; called Multiple Sclerosis

Anatomy 111 (22 decks)

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