Chemistry Fundamentals Flashcards
Major elements of the human body are…
Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
Define solutions…
homogeneous mixtures of components
Define suspensions…
heterogeneous mixtures; visible solutes might settle out (ex. blood and cytoplasm)
Define colloids…
heterogeneous mixtures; solutes remain in suspension (ex. plasma and cytosol)
Explain ionic bonds…
the transfer of electrons between atoms; form crystals; anions gained, cations lost an electron (ex. NaCl)
Explain covalent bonds…
the sharing of two or more electrons; form molecules; non polar molecules share equally, polar unequally
Explain hydrogen bonds…
weak, intramolecular bonds; give molecules three-dimensional shape (ex. in water)
Synthesis, decomposition and exchange reactions differ in that…
Synthesis involve bond formation; Decomposition involve bonds breaking; Exchange involve both (like a swap)
Exergonic reactions vs. Endergonic reactions
Exergonic reactions release energy and increase surrounding temperature; Endergonic reactions consume energy and decrease surrounding temperature
Factors increasing rate of chemical reactions include…
Higher temperatures, smaller particle sizes, higher concentrations and catalysts
