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Anatomy 111 > Quiz: Digestive > Flashcards

Quiz: Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called…

A

Digestion

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2
Q

When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called

A

Chemical digestion

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3
Q

Waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another…

A

Peristaltic waves

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4
Q

Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the process of…

A

Catabolism

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5
Q

The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located…

A

In the walls of the tract organs

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6
Q

The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called…

A

Mesenteries

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7
Q

From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Their order deep to superficial is…

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa

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8
Q

The capillaries that nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients lie in the…

A

Lamina propria

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9
Q

If an incision has to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, the first layer of tissue to be cut is the…

A

Serosa

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10
Q

The lamina propria is composed of…

A

Loose connective tissue

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11
Q

The layer of the digestive tube that contains blood vessels, lymphatic nodules, and a rich supply of elastic fibers is the…

A

Submucosa

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12
Q

Includes celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery and hepatic portal vein, but not inferior vena cava…

A

Splanchnic circulation

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13
Q

This part of the tooth bears the force of chewing…

A

Enamel

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14
Q

Concerning number and type of permanent teeth…

A

There are 32 permanent teeth, and the wisdom teeth are the last to emerge

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15
Q

The two types of secretory cells salivary glands are composed of…

A

Serous and mucous cells

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16
Q

Electrolytes, digestive enzyme, mucin, lysozyme, wastes and lgA…

A

Solutes contained in saliva

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17
Q

The dental formula for an adult is 2-1-2-3. 1 stands for…

A

Canine tooth

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18
Q

Types of papillae on the tongue that contain taste buds…

A

Fungiform and circumvallate

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19
Q

Concerning primary teeth…

A

There are 20 primary teeth, and by 24 months of age most children have all 20…

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20
Q

Surgical cutting of the lingual frenulum would occur in…

A

Oral cavity

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21
Q

Cyanide derivatives would not be found in…

A

Saliva

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22
Q

Increases HCl secretion and stimulates contraction of intestinal muscle…

A

Gastrin

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23
Q

Increases output of pancreatic juice rich in bicarbonate ions…

A

Secretin

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24
Q

Increases output of enzymatic-rich pancreatic juice and stimulates contraction of gallbladder to release bile…

A

Cholecystokinin

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25
Q

Stimulates insulin release and mildly inhibits HCl production…

A

Gastric Inhibitory Peptide

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26
Q

Production of intrinsic factor renin would not help create…

A

Stomach mucosal barrier

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27
Q

In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach…

A

Initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins

28
Q

Chyme is created in the…

A

Stomach

29
Q

The secretory cells of the stomach hydrochloric acid is secreted by…

A

Parietal cells

30
Q

Gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin are hormones or paracrines that are released directly into the lamina propria, synthesized and secreted by…

A

Enterendocrine cells

31
Q

There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs…

A

Before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought

32
Q

Gastrin is a digestive hormone that is responsible for the stimulation of acid secretions in the stomach. These secretions are stimulated by the presence of…

A

Protein and peptide fragments

33
Q

Pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, is secreted by the…

A

Chief cells of the stomach

34
Q

Intestinal, cephalic, and gastric, but not enterogastric are the phases of…

A

Gastric secretion

35
Q

Vitamin requiring intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed…

A

B12

36
Q

Low acidity, distension, and peptides, but not carbohydrates are important as…

A

Stimuli in the gastric phase of gastric secretion

37
Q

Nervous control of gastric secretion is provided by…

A

Vagus nerve and enteric plexus

38
Q

Produces intrinsic factor…

A

Parietal cells

39
Q

Stomach secretion necessary for normal hemoglobin production in RBCs…

A

Intrinsic factor

40
Q

Concerning regulation of gastric secretion…

A

Gastric secretion can be stimulated before food has entered the mouth

41
Q

Because of the baby’s loss of gastric juice, his blood probably indicates…

A

Alkalosis

42
Q

Hormones or paracrines that inhibit gastric secretion include…

A

Secretin

43
Q

The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to…

A

Collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage

44
Q

An excretory product and digestive secretion, functioning to emulsify fats and carry bilirubin formed from the breakdown of worn-out RBCs, but does not contain enzymes for digestion…

A

Bile

45
Q

The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining, accomplished by…

A

Plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli

46
Q

The ducts that deliver bile and pancreatic juice from the liver and pancreas, respectively, unite to form the…

A

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

47
Q

Detoxify toxic chemicals, store fat-soluble vitamins and process nutrients, but do not produce digestive enzymes…

A

Hepatocytes

48
Q

Contains lobules with sinusoids (lined with macrophages) that lead to a central venous structure…

A

Liver

49
Q

Damage to the liver would most affect the digestion of…

A

Lipids

50
Q

Produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed for food digestion…

A

Goblet cells

51
Q

A fluid secreted into the small intestine during digestion that contains cholesterol, emulsification agents, and phospholipids is…

A

Bile

52
Q

Most nutrients are absorbed through the mucosa of the intestinal villa by…

A

Active transport driven directly or indirectly by metabolic energy

53
Q

Chemical digestion in the small intestine involves…

A

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

54
Q

Ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause…

A

Release of bile from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum

55
Q

An essential role played by large intestine bacteria…

A

Synthesis of vitamin K and B-complex vitamins

56
Q

Secrete enzymes that kill bacteria…

A

Paneth cells

57
Q

There are some 20 known pathogens found in the large intestine, restricted by…

A

lgA antibody-mediated response

58
Q

Process by which simpler chemical units pass through the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract into the blood or lymph…

A

Absorption

59
Q

Enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule…

A

Hydrolysis

60
Q

A meal high in complex carbohydrates is digested with the help of…

A

Amylase

61
Q

Short-chain triglycerides found in foods such as butterfat molecules in milk are split by the enzyme…

A

Lipase

62
Q

Enzyme specific for proteins…

A

Trypsin

63
Q

Concerning digestive processes…

A

Chyme entering the duodenum can decrease gastric motility via the enterogastric reflex

64
Q

Concerning absorption…

A

If intact proteins are transported across the villus epithelium, an immune response may be generated

65
Q

Concerning electrolyte absorption…

A

Iron and calcium are absorbed mostly by the duodenum

Anatomy 111 (22 decks)

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