Quiz: Cells, Chapter 3 Flashcards
Membrane junction that serves as a type of anchoring junction…
Desmosomes
Membrane junction that’s considered a communicating junction…
Gap Junctions
Membrane junction abundant in electrically excitable tissues…
Gap Junctions
Membrane junction abundant in tissues subjected to great mechanical stress…
Desmosomes
Membrane junctions that help prevent molecules from passing through the extracellular space between adjacent cells…
Tight Junctions
Fluid Mosaic Model:
Double phospholipid bilayer with imbedded, dispersed proteins; largely impermeable to water-soluble molecules; consists of phospholipids, cholesterol and glycolipids
Vesicular transport process occurring primarily in some white blood cells and macrophages?
Phagocytosis
If placed in a hypertonic solution, a cell would…
Lose water and shrink.
If placed in a hypotonic solution, a cell would…
Take on water and swell.
If placed in an isotonic solution, a cell would…
Remain the same.
Transport process that is the main mechanism for the movement of most macromolecules by body cells?
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Lipid rafts; receptors for hormones; associated with enzymes involved in cell regulation
Caveolae
Three types of diffusion (passive membrane transport) and their respective substances
Simple diffusion: nonpolar and lipid-soluble substances
Facilitated diffusion: glucose, amino acids and ions
Osmosis: water across semipermeable membrane
Hormones may enter cells via…
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Two types of Active (Membrane) Transport:
Primary: utilizes energy in the form of ATP to transport molecules across membrane against their concentration gradient
Secondary: use of NaK exchange pump to indirectly drive the transport of other solutes
Examples of second messengers are…
Cyclic AMP and Calcium
Calcium ions are stored in…
Sacroplasmic ER (Smooth ER) of Skeletal / Cardiac muscles
Microvilli are…
Finger-like projections that increase surface area and aid with absorption
Responsible for the movement of organelles within cells are…
Motor Proteins
Organelle(s) consisting of a pinwheel array of 9 triplets of microtubules…
Centrioles
Detoxify substances by enzymatic action…
Peroxisomes
Primary component of cytosol…
Water
The RNA responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome for protein formation…
tRNA (Translational Ribonucleic Acid)
Riboswitches are folded RNAs that act as switches to turn protein synthesis on or off in response to…
Changes in the environment
Division of the nucleus is called…
Mitosis
Mitotic Phase: Chromosomes coil in pairs, and the nuclear envelope dissolves…
Mitosis, Prophase
Mitotic Phase: Centrosomes create mitotic spindle, by which chromosomes are centered…
Mitosis, Metaphase
Mitotic Phase: Centromeres pull sister chromatids to poles as the cell membrane forms the cleavage furrow…
Mitosis, Anaphase
Mitotic Phase: Cell membrane completes constriction and nuclear envelopes form around their respective chromatin…
Mitosis, Telophase
Division of the cytoplasm is called…
Cytokinesis
A gene is…
A segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain
Interphase (G1):
Growth 1- Metabolic activity and vigorous growth
Interphase (S):
Synthesis- DNA Replication
Interphase (G2):
Growth 2- Preparation for cell division
Interphase (G0):
State of cells that permanently cease division
Transcytosis is…
Movement of substances into, across and then out of a cell
Vesicular Trafficking is…
Movement of substances from one area in the cell to another via vesicals
Phagocytosis is…
When pseudopods engulf large solid particles and bring them into the cell’s interior
Osmolarity is…
Total concentration of solute particles in a solution
Tonicity is…
How a solution affects cell volume
