Quiz: CNS, PNS, ANS Flashcards
Nuclei of cranial nerves V, VI, and VII are found in the…
Pons of the brainstem
The arbor vitae refers to…
Cerebellar white matter
The brain stem consists of the…
Midbrain, Pons, Medulla
The primary auditory cortex is located in the…
Temporal lobe
Fissure that separates the cerebral hemispheres…
Longitudinal fissure
Shallow groove on the surface of the cortex…
Sulcus
The central sulcus separates the lobes…
Frontal and Parietal
Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are…
Gyri
An example of where white matter would not be found…
Cerebral Cortex (as it’s completely grey matter)
Declarative memory is…
The ability to learn specific information
The meninges between which subarachnoid space lies…
Arachnoid and Pia mater
Cells that line the ventricles of the brain…
Ependymal cells
Vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration and blood pressure are located in the…
Medulla oblongata
“Executive suite” best describes…
Cerebrum
Generalizations that can be said of the cerebral cortex include…
Contains three kinds of functional areas.
No functional area of the cortex works alone.
Each hemisphere is chiefly concerned with sensory and motor functions of the contralateral side of the body.
Cell bodies, dendrites and unmyelinated axons, but not fiber tracts, could be found in…
Cerebral Cortex
Roles include controlling, starting and stopping movements, regulating attention and cognition and inhibiting unnecessary or antagonistic movements, but not initiating protective reflex actions…
Basal Nuclei
Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement…
Pyramidal and corticospinal
Considered a motor speech area…
Broca’s area
The blood-brain barrier is effective against…
Metabolic waste such as urea
Hippocampus, amygdaloid nucleus and cingulate gyrus, but not the caudate nucleus, are structures of…
Limbic system
The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the…
Reticular formation
Injury to this structure causes loss of body temperature control, production of excessive quantities of urine and pathological sleep, but not loss of proprioception…
Hypothalamus
Important nuclei of the indirect (multineural) system that receive impulses from the equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles are the…
Vestibular nuclei
Tremor at rest, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and expressionless face are characteristics of…
Parkinson’s disease
Red nuclei are involved with…
Motor activity
Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the…
Premotor cortex
Brain nucleus considered the body’s biological clock…
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
If the caudal portion of the neural tube failed to develop properly the…
Spinal cord may be affected
The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensations of the full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the…
Visceral sensory area
Category of memory involved when playing the piano…
Procedural
Often genetically induced, but also frequently caused by head trauma, stroke, infection and tumor…
Epilepsy
Brain waves not typical for awake adults, but common for children…
Theta waves
The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is called…
Association
REM sleep is associated with…
Temporary skeletal muscle inhibition except for ocular muscles and diaphragm
The structure without any direct involvement in memory out of the thalamus, prefrontal cortex, medulla and hippocampus is the…
Medulla
May be caused by widespread cerebral or brain stem trauma…
Coma
The two layers of meninges the subarachnoid space lies between are…
Arachnoid and pia mater
Functions of Cerebrospinal fluid…
Protection from blows, nourishment of the brain, reduction of brain weight
Of hemorrhage, swelling, contusion and concussion, the mildest consequence of brain trauma is…
Concussion
Spastic paralysis suggests involvement of…
Upper motor neurons
An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the…
Visual association area
Carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum…
Spinocerebellar tracts
Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in…
Dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord
Neural tracts that convey life-saving information to the brain concerning burning pain would be…
Lateral spinothalamic
White matter of the spinal cord contains…
Myelinated and umyelinated nerve fibers
An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in…
Paraplegia
Second-order neurons of both the specific and nonspecific ascending pathways terminate in the…
Thalamus
Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors in the skin are…
Exteroreceptors
Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by…
Nociceptors
Receptors that adapt the most slowly…
Nociceptors
Of Meissner’s corpuscles, tactile discs, Pacinian corpuscles and hair fallicle receptors, a gentle caress of the arm would not involve…
Pacinian corpuscles
Sensory receptors are classified by…
Location in the body, type of stimulus detected, structural complexity
Of receptor, perceptual, circuit and segmental, which is not a main level of neural integration in the somatosensory system…
Segmental
The stimulus energy must occur within the receptor’s receptive field; a generator potential in the associated sensory neuron must reach threshold; the stimulus energy must match the specificity of the receptor; with regards to…
The occurrence of a sensation
All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the…
Thalamus
Feature abstraction, pattern recognition, magnitude estimation, spatial discrimination, but not visceral identification are aspects of…
Sensory perception
Transduction refers to conversion of…
Stimulus energy into energy of a graded potential
Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are…
Afferent nerves
After axonal injury, regeneration in peripheral nerves is guided by…
Schwann cells
Regeneration within the CNS is…
Prevented due to growth-inhibiting proteins of oligodendrocytes
Ganglia associated with afferent nerve fibers contain…
Cell bodies of sensory neurons
The opthalmic, mandibular and maxillary nerves, but not the cervical nerve, are branches of…
The trigeminal nerve
Bell’s palsy is characterized by…
Paralysis of facial muscles
Which of Vagus, Trigeminal, Facial and Olfactory nerves are mixed…
All but Olfactory
Which of Trochlear, Facial, Trigeminal and Glossopharyngeal is not related to the tongue…
Trochlear
Problems in balance may follow trauma to this nerve…
Vestibulocochlear
Fracture of the ethmoid bone could result in damage to this cranial nerve…
Olfactory
A patient who received a blow to the side of the skull exhibits the following signs and symptoms on that side of the face: he is unable to close his eye, and the corner of his mouth droops. The cranial nerve damaged is…
Facial
The cranial nerve with a cervical origin (spinal cord) is the…
Accessory
Posterior side of the thigh, leg and foot is served by the…
Tibial nerve
Starting at the spinal cord, the subdivisions of the brachial plexus are (in order)…
Roots, trunks, divisions, and cords
Major nerve of the lumbar plexus…
Femoral (and obturator)
Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the…
Sacral plexus
Striking the “funny bone” is actually stimulation of (or injury to) the…
Ulnar nerve
The sciatic nerve is a combination of…
Common fibular and tibial nerves
The flexor muscles in the anterior arm (biceps brachii and brachialis) are innervated by…
Musculocutaneous
If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, it would result in…
A complete loss of voluntary movement
The nerve compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome…
Median nerve
A fall or an improperly delivered gluteal injection could result in…
Sciatica
Inborn or intrinsic reflexes are…
Involuntary, yet may be modified by learned behavior
Simple spinal reflex arc…
Receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector
The patellar “knee jerk” reflex is an example of…
Stretch reflex
A reflex that causes muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to muscle tension is called a…
Golgi tendon reflex
In a crossed-extensor reflex, if the right arm was grabbed it would flex and the left arm would…
Extend
ANS and SomaticNS differ in…
Their efferent pathways, their target organ responses and their effectors (but not in their neurotransmitters)
The “resting and digesting” division of the autonomic nervous system is the…
Parasympathetic division
Preparing the body for the “fight-or-flight” response is the role of the…
Sympathetic Division
Autonomic ganglia contain…
The cell bodies of motor neurons
Could be found in the head, the cervical region, close to the visceral effectors they serve, but not in the armpit…
Autonomic ganglion
The parasympathetic ganglion that serves the eye…
Ciliary ganglion
Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include…
Constriction of most blood vessels; increase of heart rate and force; dilation of the vessels serving the skeletal muscles
Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve number…
X (Vagus nerve)
Sympathetic origin is
(Parasympathetic origin is)…
Thoracolumbar
Craniosacral
Cerebrospinal fluid consists of…
Water, potassium, protein and glucose, similar to blood plasma (minus red blood cells)
Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at (vertebra)…
First thoracic
The parasympathetic fibers of this cranial nerve innervate smooth muscles of the eye that cause the lenses to bulge to accommodate close vision…
Oculomotor
Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing form structures called…
Splanchnic nerves
Of esophageal, celiac, pulmonary and cardiac, all are a plexus of the vagus nerve but…
Celiac plexus
Visceral reflex arcs differ from somatic in that…
Visceral arcs involve two motor neurons
A sympathetic preganglionic axon, after reaching a trunk ganglion, would regardless be unable to…
Synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
Increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, increased heart rate and blood pressure (responsible division)…
Sympathetic division
The route of major parasympathetic outflow from the head is via the…
Vagus nerve
Lens accommodation for close vision (responsible division)…
Parasympathetic division
Sympathetic fibers that form a splanchnic nerve are also those that…
Pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglia
The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of…
Sympathetic stimulation
Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the…
Hypothalamus
Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because…
NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response
The parasympathetic tone…
Determines normal activity of the urinary tract
Beta-blockers…
Decrease heart rate and blood pressure
Erection of the penis or clitoris (responsible division)…
Parasympathetic division
A uniquely sympathetic function…
Regulation of body temperature
Emotions influence autonomic reactions primarily through integration in the…
Hypothalamus
A cholinergic nicotinic receptor would never be found…
At any parasympathetic target organs
Appears to exert the most direct influence over autonomic function…
Reticular formation
Adrenergic neurotransmitter receptor that plays the major role in heart activity…
Beta 1
Raynaud’s disease is characterized by…
Exaggerated vasoconstriction in the extremities
Autonomic dysreflexia involves…
Uncontrolled activation of autonomic neurons
