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Anatomy 111 > Quiz: CNS, PNS, ANS > Flashcards

Quiz: CNS, PNS, ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Nuclei of cranial nerves V, VI, and VII are found in the…

A

Pons of the brainstem

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2
Q

The arbor vitae refers to…

A

Cerebellar white matter

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3
Q

The brain stem consists of the…

A

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla

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4
Q

The primary auditory cortex is located in the…

A

Temporal lobe

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5
Q

Fissure that separates the cerebral hemispheres…

A

Longitudinal fissure

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6
Q

Shallow groove on the surface of the cortex…

A

Sulcus

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7
Q

The central sulcus separates the lobes…

A

Frontal and Parietal

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8
Q

Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are…

A

Gyri

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9
Q

An example of where white matter would not be found…

A

Cerebral Cortex (as it’s completely grey matter)

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10
Q

Declarative memory is…

A

The ability to learn specific information

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11
Q

The meninges between which subarachnoid space lies…

A

Arachnoid and Pia mater

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12
Q

Cells that line the ventricles of the brain…

A

Ependymal cells

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13
Q

Vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration and blood pressure are located in the…

A

Medulla oblongata

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14
Q

“Executive suite” best describes…

A

Cerebrum

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15
Q

Generalizations that can be said of the cerebral cortex include…

A

Contains three kinds of functional areas.
No functional area of the cortex works alone.
Each hemisphere is chiefly concerned with sensory and motor functions of the contralateral side of the body.

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16
Q

Cell bodies, dendrites and unmyelinated axons, but not fiber tracts, could be found in…

A

Cerebral Cortex

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17
Q

Roles include controlling, starting and stopping movements, regulating attention and cognition and inhibiting unnecessary or antagonistic movements, but not initiating protective reflex actions…

A

Basal Nuclei

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18
Q

Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement…

A

Pyramidal and corticospinal

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19
Q

Considered a motor speech area…

A

Broca’s area

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20
Q

The blood-brain barrier is effective against…

A

Metabolic waste such as urea

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21
Q

Hippocampus, amygdaloid nucleus and cingulate gyrus, but not the caudate nucleus, are structures of…

A

Limbic system

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22
Q

The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the…

A

Reticular formation

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23
Q

Injury to this structure causes loss of body temperature control, production of excessive quantities of urine and pathological sleep, but not loss of proprioception…

A

Hypothalamus

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24
Q

Important nuclei of the indirect (multineural) system that receive impulses from the equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles are the…

A

Vestibular nuclei

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25
Q

Tremor at rest, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and expressionless face are characteristics of…

A

Parkinson’s disease

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26
Q

Red nuclei are involved with…

A

Motor activity

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27
Q

Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the…

A

Premotor cortex

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28
Q

Brain nucleus considered the body’s biological clock…

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

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29
Q

If the caudal portion of the neural tube failed to develop properly the…

A

Spinal cord may be affected

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30
Q

The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensations of the full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the…

A

Visceral sensory area

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31
Q

Category of memory involved when playing the piano…

A

Procedural

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32
Q

Often genetically induced, but also frequently caused by head trauma, stroke, infection and tumor…

A

Epilepsy

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33
Q

Brain waves not typical for awake adults, but common for children…

A

Theta waves

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34
Q

The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is called…

A

Association

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35
Q

REM sleep is associated with…

A

Temporary skeletal muscle inhibition except for ocular muscles and diaphragm

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36
Q

The structure without any direct involvement in memory out of the thalamus, prefrontal cortex, medulla and hippocampus is the…

A

Medulla

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37
Q

May be caused by widespread cerebral or brain stem trauma…

A

Coma

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38
Q

The two layers of meninges the subarachnoid space lies between are…

A

Arachnoid and pia mater

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39
Q

Functions of Cerebrospinal fluid…

A

Protection from blows, nourishment of the brain, reduction of brain weight

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40
Q

Of hemorrhage, swelling, contusion and concussion, the mildest consequence of brain trauma is…

A

Concussion

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41
Q

Spastic paralysis suggests involvement of…

A

Upper motor neurons

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42
Q

An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the…

A

Visual association area

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43
Q

Carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum…

A

Spinocerebellar tracts

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44
Q

Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in…

A

Dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord

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45
Q

Neural tracts that convey life-saving information to the brain concerning burning pain would be…

A

Lateral spinothalamic

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46
Q

White matter of the spinal cord contains…

A

Myelinated and umyelinated nerve fibers

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47
Q

An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in…

A

Paraplegia

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48
Q

Second-order neurons of both the specific and nonspecific ascending pathways terminate in the…

A

Thalamus

49
Q

Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors in the skin are…

A

Exteroreceptors

50
Q

Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by…

A

Nociceptors

51
Q

Receptors that adapt the most slowly…

A

Nociceptors

52
Q

Of Meissner’s corpuscles, tactile discs, Pacinian corpuscles and hair fallicle receptors, a gentle caress of the arm would not involve…

A

Pacinian corpuscles

53
Q

Sensory receptors are classified by…

A

Location in the body, type of stimulus detected, structural complexity

54
Q

Of receptor, perceptual, circuit and segmental, which is not a main level of neural integration in the somatosensory system…

A

Segmental

55
Q

The stimulus energy must occur within the receptor’s receptive field; a generator potential in the associated sensory neuron must reach threshold; the stimulus energy must match the specificity of the receptor; with regards to…

A

The occurrence of a sensation

56
Q

All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the…

A

Thalamus

57
Q

Feature abstraction, pattern recognition, magnitude estimation, spatial discrimination, but not visceral identification are aspects of…

A

Sensory perception

58
Q

Transduction refers to conversion of…

A

Stimulus energy into energy of a graded potential

59
Q

Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are…

A

Afferent nerves

60
Q

After axonal injury, regeneration in peripheral nerves is guided by…

A

Schwann cells

61
Q

Regeneration within the CNS is…

A

Prevented due to growth-inhibiting proteins of oligodendrocytes

62
Q

Ganglia associated with afferent nerve fibers contain…

A

Cell bodies of sensory neurons

63
Q

The opthalmic, mandibular and maxillary nerves, but not the cervical nerve, are branches of…

A

The trigeminal nerve

64
Q

Bell’s palsy is characterized by…

A

Paralysis of facial muscles

65
Q

Which of Vagus, Trigeminal, Facial and Olfactory nerves are mixed…

A

All but Olfactory

66
Q

Which of Trochlear, Facial, Trigeminal and Glossopharyngeal is not related to the tongue…

A

Trochlear

67
Q

Problems in balance may follow trauma to this nerve…

A

Vestibulocochlear

68
Q

Fracture of the ethmoid bone could result in damage to this cranial nerve…

A

Olfactory

69
Q

A patient who received a blow to the side of the skull exhibits the following signs and symptoms on that side of the face: he is unable to close his eye, and the corner of his mouth droops. The cranial nerve damaged is…

A

Facial

70
Q

The cranial nerve with a cervical origin (spinal cord) is the…

A

Accessory

71
Q

Posterior side of the thigh, leg and foot is served by the…

A

Tibial nerve

72
Q

Starting at the spinal cord, the subdivisions of the brachial plexus are (in order)…

A

Roots, trunks, divisions, and cords

73
Q

Major nerve of the lumbar plexus…

A

Femoral (and obturator)

74
Q

Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the…

A

Sacral plexus

75
Q

Striking the “funny bone” is actually stimulation of (or injury to) the…

A

Ulnar nerve

76
Q

The sciatic nerve is a combination of…

A

Common fibular and tibial nerves

77
Q

The flexor muscles in the anterior arm (biceps brachii and brachialis) are innervated by…

A

Musculocutaneous

78
Q

If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, it would result in…

A

A complete loss of voluntary movement

79
Q

The nerve compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome…

A

Median nerve

80
Q

A fall or an improperly delivered gluteal injection could result in…

A

Sciatica

81
Q

Inborn or intrinsic reflexes are…

A

Involuntary, yet may be modified by learned behavior

82
Q

Simple spinal reflex arc…

A

Receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector

83
Q

The patellar “knee jerk” reflex is an example of…

A

Stretch reflex

84
Q

A reflex that causes muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to muscle tension is called a…

A

Golgi tendon reflex

85
Q

In a crossed-extensor reflex, if the right arm was grabbed it would flex and the left arm would…

A

Extend

86
Q

ANS and SomaticNS differ in…

A

Their efferent pathways, their target organ responses and their effectors (but not in their neurotransmitters)

87
Q

The “resting and digesting” division of the autonomic nervous system is the…

A

Parasympathetic division

88
Q

Preparing the body for the “fight-or-flight” response is the role of the…

A

Sympathetic Division

89
Q

Autonomic ganglia contain…

A

The cell bodies of motor neurons

90
Q

Could be found in the head, the cervical region, close to the visceral effectors they serve, but not in the armpit…

A

Autonomic ganglion

91
Q

The parasympathetic ganglion that serves the eye…

A

Ciliary ganglion

92
Q

Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include…

A

Constriction of most blood vessels; increase of heart rate and force; dilation of the vessels serving the skeletal muscles

93
Q

Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve number…

A

X (Vagus nerve)

94
Q

Sympathetic origin is

(Parasympathetic origin is)…

A

Thoracolumbar

Craniosacral

95
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid consists of…

A

Water, potassium, protein and glucose, similar to blood plasma (minus red blood cells)

96
Q

Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at (vertebra)…

A

First thoracic

97
Q

The parasympathetic fibers of this cranial nerve innervate smooth muscles of the eye that cause the lenses to bulge to accommodate close vision…

A

Oculomotor

98
Q

Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing form structures called…

A

Splanchnic nerves

99
Q

Of esophageal, celiac, pulmonary and cardiac, all are a plexus of the vagus nerve but…

A

Celiac plexus

100
Q

Visceral reflex arcs differ from somatic in that…

A

Visceral arcs involve two motor neurons

101
Q

A sympathetic preganglionic axon, after reaching a trunk ganglion, would regardless be unable to…

A

Synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion

102
Q

Increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, increased heart rate and blood pressure (responsible division)…

A

Sympathetic division

103
Q

The route of major parasympathetic outflow from the head is via the…

A

Vagus nerve

104
Q

Lens accommodation for close vision (responsible division)…

A

Parasympathetic division

105
Q

Sympathetic fibers that form a splanchnic nerve are also those that…

A

Pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglia

106
Q

The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of…

A

Sympathetic stimulation

107
Q

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the…

A

Hypothalamus

108
Q

Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because…

A

NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response

109
Q

The parasympathetic tone…

A

Determines normal activity of the urinary tract

110
Q

Beta-blockers…

A

Decrease heart rate and blood pressure

111
Q

Erection of the penis or clitoris (responsible division)…

A

Parasympathetic division

112
Q

A uniquely sympathetic function…

A

Regulation of body temperature

113
Q

Emotions influence autonomic reactions primarily through integration in the…

A

Hypothalamus

114
Q

A cholinergic nicotinic receptor would never be found…

A

At any parasympathetic target organs

115
Q

Appears to exert the most direct influence over autonomic function…

A

Reticular formation

116
Q

Adrenergic neurotransmitter receptor that plays the major role in heart activity…

A

Beta 1

117
Q

Raynaud’s disease is characterized by…

A

Exaggerated vasoconstriction in the extremities

118
Q

Autonomic dysreflexia involves…

A

Uncontrolled activation of autonomic neurons

Anatomy 111 (22 decks)

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