quiz 9

Question 1

define proteins

Answer 1

long chain of amino acid (50+)

Question 2

define peptide

Answer 2

short chain of amino acid (>50)

Question 3

what are the 20 amino acids

Answer 3

alanine
arginine
aspartate
asparagine
cysteine
glycine
glutamate
glutamine
histidine
isoleucine
leucine
lysine
methionine
phenylalanine
proline
serine
threonine
tryptophan
tyrosine
valine

Question 4

define essential amino acids. what is the abbreviation for them

Answer 4

they are not synthesized at a high enough rate, so must be included in diet
PVT TIM HALL

Question 5

what makes up PVT TIM HALL

Answer 5

phenylalanine
valine
threonine
tryptophan
isoleucine
methionine
histidine
arginine
leucine
lysine

Question 6

define non-essential amino acids. what is the abbreviation

Answer 6

not required in diet because they can be broken down in the body
CAAATS GGGP

Question 7

what makes up CAAATS GGGP

Answer 7

cysteine
alanine
asparagine
aspartate
tyrosine
serine
glycine
glutamine
glutamate
proline

Question 8

define semi-essential amino acids

Answer 8

synthesized from essential amino acids

Question 9

what happens if there is not enough essential amino acids being synthesized

Answer 9

semi-essentials are synthesized

Question 10

what are the semi-essential amino acids? what are they synthesized from

Answer 10

tyrosine; synthesized from phenylalanine
cysteine; synthesized from methionine

Question 11

define conditionally essential amino acids

Answer 11

the rate of synthesis is higher than the demand

Question 12

can conditionally essential become essential

Answer 12

yes, but it is not common

Question 13

where does digestion occur

Answer 13

the stomach and small intestine

Question 14

what does the stomach secrete? why?

Answer 14

HCl; denatures the protein so enzymes can access the bonds

Question 15

what is pepsinogen

Answer 15

the inactive form of pepsin

Question 16

why are secretions initially inactive

Answer 16

because it would otherwise kill the cell

Question 17

what does cck do in the SI

Answer 17

causes the pancreas to release digestive enzymes

Question 18

what are the three digestive enzymes? do they start out inactive or active?

Answer 18

trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase
inactive

Question 19

define enterokinase

Answer 19

activates trypsinogen into trypsin

Question 20

what does trypsin activate

Answer 20

chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase

Question 21

define aminopeptidase

Answer 21

breaks down small peptides into tripeptides and dipeptides and free amino acids

Question 22

define amino acid transport

Answer 22

amino acids are transported to epithelial cells

Question 23

describe Na+ dependent amino acid transport

Answer 23

transports Na+ with amino acid into cell

Question 24

describe Na+ independent amino acid transport

Answer 24

transports only the amino acid into cell

Question 25

define peptide transport

Answer 25

transports 1H+ with a tri/dipeptide into cell

Question 26

describe the functions of protein

Answer 26

maintain body structure
mobility
transport
metabolism
regulation
immune function

Question 27

what is nitrogen balance equalibrium

Answer 27

intake=excretion

Question 28

what is positive nitrogen balance

Answer 28

intake>excretion

Question 29

what is negative nitrogen balance

Answer 29

intake<excretion