quiz 1

Question 1

define nutrition

Answer 1

the process of an animal taking in and utilizing food substances; the process of utilizing food.

Question 2

define nutrients, and list the 6 of them.

Answer 2

any chemical compound in the diet that supports normal life processes. lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and water.

Question 3

what are the 5 required nutreints?

Answer 3

energy, protein, minerals, water, vitamins.

Question 4

what are the 3 major functions of nutrients?

Answer 4

structure, regulation, and energy.

Question 5

define metabolism

Answer 5

chemical process within the body

Question 7

define feedstuff

Answer 7

any material used for feed

Question 8

differentiate between diet, ration, and meal

Answer 8

diet- mixture of feedstuff provided for an animal
ration- daily allowance of feed
meal- feed consumed by an animal

Question 9

define adlibitum

Answer 9

providing the diet in excess so animal never runs out

Question 10

define free choice

Answer 10

animal freely chooses what ingredients it will eat

Question 11

define feeding behavior

Answer 11

what an animal consumes

Question 12

what are the 3 types of eaters?

Answer 12

carnivore, omnivore, and herbivore

Question 13

define the 3 ruminant feeding strategies

Answer 13

concentrate selectors- nutritious, low fiber portion of plants; small rumen
bulk and roughage eaters- consume large quantities of high fiber; large rumens
intermediate feeders- mixture of strategies; adaptable; intermediate rumens.

Question 14

describe each step of the digestive tract

Answer 14

mouth- prehension, mastication, swallowing, and creating salvia (enzymes, antibacterial proteins, water)
esophagus- tube connecting mouth and stomach
stomach- begins digestion, HCl secretion (kills bacteria, activates digestive enzymes and proteins)
small intestine- majority of chemical digestion; secretion of digestive enzymes, and bile produced from liver, breaks down material in easily digestable molecules.
- duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
- pancreas: secretes digestive enzymes and well as perform endocrine and exocrine functions
- brush boarder made up of microvilli and glycocalyx (net-like projections), which are arranged into villi.
large intestine- cecum for microbial digestion; colon (sending, transverse, descending); rectum (feces form and solidify).
anus- feces exit body.