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ANS 328- Nutrition > quiz 8 > Flashcards

quiz 8 Flashcards

1
Q

where does fatty acid synthesis occur?

A

the cytosol, not the mitochondria

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2
Q

what is the first committed step of fatty acid synthesis

A

acetyl CoA carboxylase

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3
Q

what does palmitate synthesize

A

16 carbon chain

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4
Q

how many carbons are added in elongation

A

2 at a time, so it can stay even

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5
Q

where does elongation occur

A

the ER

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6
Q

what donates to elongation

A

malonyl CoA

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7
Q

what portion does elongation occur at of the palmitate

A

the carboxyl side

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8
Q

what does desaturation form

A

monosaturated fatty acid

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9
Q

where does desaturation occur

A

ER

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10
Q

define desaturation

A

the addition of double bonds to certain carbons

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11
Q
A
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12
Q

how many carbons are added during elongation

A

2, to stay even

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13
Q

where does elongation occur? what allows it to occur?

A

er
malonyl CoA

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14
Q

what side does elongation occur on

A

the carboxyl end

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15
Q

what does desaturation form

A

monosaturated fatty acid

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16
Q

where does desaturation occur

A

the ER

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17
Q

what are the 3 enzymes for desaturation

A

∆5 desaturase, ∆6 desaturase, and ∆9 desaturase

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18
Q

what are the 2 omega enzymes used

A

w3FA and w6FA

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19
Q

where does TAG synthesis occur

A

ER

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20
Q

what does TAG synthesis allow for

A

transport and storage of fatty acid

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21
Q

what are TAGs stored in

A

VLDLs

22
Q

what are TAGs stored by

A

extrahepatic tissue

23
Q

what are TAGs facilitated by

A

lipoprotein lipase

24
Q

what are TAGs used for

A

energy

25
Q

what breaks down TAGs in adipose tissue?

A

hormone-sensitive lipase

26
Q

what is hormone-sensitive lipase inhibited by

A

insulin

27
Q

what is glycerol used for

A

gluconeogenesis

28
Q

what do FAs bind to? why?

A

albumin, so it can move freely through the blood

29
Q

define oxidation

A

breakdown of oxygen

30
Q

what is the rate of oxidation

A

rate is proportional to the concentration of plasma

31
Q

oxidation is _______ in starvation and _____ in fed state

A

high; low

32
Q

where does oxidation occur

A

mitochondria

33
Q

what does FA turn to in the cell

A

FACoA

34
Q

what does carnitine cycle allow for

A

the transportation of FACoA

35
Q

where does oxidation occur

A

the mitochondria

36
Q

define CPT-1

A

converts FACoA to FA carnitine

37
Q

describe carnitine

A

similar to amino acids

38
Q

define CPCT

A

transports FA carnitine into mitochondria in exchange for a free carnitine

39
Q

define CPT-2

A

reverse of CPT1, converts FA carnitine to FACoA

40
Q

define β-oxidation

A

the mitochondrial breakdown of FA to acetyl CoA
supplies energy
reverse of FA synthesis

41
Q

how many ATP are created from both FADH2 and NADH+H synthesis in β-oxidation

A

28 ATP

42
Q

how many ATP are created from acetyl CoA

A

80 ATP

43
Q

how many ATP are created from the breakdown of palmitate

A

108 (80+28)

44
Q

define ketone body

A

the breakdown of fat in the liver during fasting/starvation and acts as an energy replacement

45
Q

what are the 3 ketones created? which ones can be utilized

A

acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone. acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate can be utilized and turned into energy

46
Q

what causes ketosis

A

insufficent feed intake

47
Q

define ketonemia

A

ketone bodies are acidic and change the pH of blood

48
Q

define ketonuria

A

body tries to remove ketone bodies through urine, leading to them being in urine

49
Q

define ketoacidosis

A

decrease in blood pH due to ketone bodies

50
Q

how can ketosis be stopped/reversed

A

by feeding the animal straight glucose

51
Q

what is the major problem with ketosis and milk production

A

at calving, energy demand and feed intake increase, but energy decreases, but the body make think it’s starving

ANS 328- Nutrition (15 decks)

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