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(Other) Qbank > Quiz 55 > Flashcards

Quiz 55 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the equation for sensitivity?

A

TP/(TP+FN)

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2
Q

What is the equation for PPV?

A

TP/(TP+FP)

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3
Q

What is the equation for specificity?

A

TN/(TN+FP)

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4
Q

What is a NPV?

A

Probability of no disease in a person who receives a negative test result; or the probability that a person with a negative test is disease free

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5
Q

What is the PPV?

A

Person with a positive test does have the disease

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6
Q

Child with cystic neck mass on lateral aspect of right side just below the angle of the jaw

A

Branchial cleft cyst

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7
Q

Brachial cleft cysts result from what?

A

Failure of the 2nd branchial cleft to involute

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8
Q

Where is the most common site of ulnar nerve intrapment?

A

Cubital tunnel

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9
Q

What is the cubital tunnel?

A

A channel located near the medial epicondyle

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10
Q

How can one differentiate between ulnar nerve entrapment from the guyon’s canal vs. the cubital tunnel?

A

In Guyon’s canal entrapment, sensory nerve supplying the dorsum of the hand is spared

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11
Q

What activity predisposes patients to Guyon’s canal entrapment

A

Cycling

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12
Q

In wound healing, when do fibroblasts appear?

A

At one week

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13
Q

When do macrophages predominate wound healing?

A

Days three to five

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14
Q

What cells play an essential role in formation of granulation tissue in wound healing?

A

Macrophages

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15
Q

Fibroblasts lay down what type of collagen during wound healing?

A

Type III collagen (granulation tissue type), later replaced by type I collagen (fibrosis)

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16
Q

What is the most common site affected by Crohn’s disease?

A

Terminal ileum

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17
Q

What is the most common site affected by ulcerative colitis?

A

Rectum

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18
Q

Cobblestone appearance of colon is seen in what disease?

A

Crohn’s disease

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19
Q

Microscopically, what is seen in Crohn’s disease?

A

Noncaseating granulomas

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20
Q

Enzymatic deactivation of antibiotics is a common mode of resistance in what classes of antibiotics?

A

Aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides

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21
Q

What is conn syndrome?

A

Primary hyperaldosteronism resulting from from an aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma

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22
Q

What is parinaud syndrome?

A

Palsy of upward gaze, dissociation of light and accommodation, and failure of convergence

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23
Q

What is a common cause of parinaud syndrome?

A

Pinealoma

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24
Q

Pinealoma compresses what?

A

Tectum (superior colliculus)

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25
What activates glycogen phosphorylase?
Phosphorylation by PKA
26
Activation of glycogen phosphorylase results in what?
Glycogenolysis
27
Chronic inflammatory disease can result in deposition of what type of amyloid?
AA
28
Long term hemodialysis can result in deposition of what type of amyloid?
A beta2 M
29
Secondary amyloidosis results in deposition of what type of amyloid?
AA
30
When is AL amyloid deposited?
Primary amyloidosis - deposition of light chain
31
In trauma, what lab test is good at differentiating between cardiac damage and skeletal muscle damage?
Creatine kinase - MB isoenzyme (also called creatine phosphokinase) is elevated with myocardial damagae vs. MM isoenzyme with skeletal muscle damage
32
What are the symptoms of rabies?
Excitability, agitation, hypersalivation, autonomic instability (lacrimation, sweating, pupillary dilation), hydrophobia (far of water ingestion due to pharyngeal spasms), aerophobia (pharyngeal spasms triggered by air drafts) and facial muscle spasticity
33
What is seen postmorten in rabies?
Intracytoplasmic neuronal inclusions (Negri bodies)
34
Where are Negri bodies most often located?
Hippocampus and cerebellar cortex
35
When does one see Negri bodies?
Rabies
36
What are antibodies directed against in Myasthenia gravis?
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
37
What is is the mechanism of action of the drug used to diagnose myasthenia gravis?
Edrophonium is a short acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
38
Myasthenia gravis is what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Type II noncytotoxic
39
What is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines?
Prevent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes
40
What is the mechanism of action of chloramphenicol?
Inhibits the activity of peptidyl-transferase (inhibits formation of peptide bond)
41
What are Lisch nodules?
Pigmented iris harmartomas
42
When are lisch nodules seen?
NF1
43
What is the inheritance pattern of NF1?
AD
44
What is failure modes and effects analysis (FEMA)?
Method to identify where and how a given process might fail
45
What is an effective therapy for phobias?
Desensitization
46
What cofactors and coenzymes are used by pyruvate dehydrogenase?
Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP - vitamin thiamine), lipoic acid, coenzyme A (from pantothenate), FADH2, and NADH
47
What symptoms are seen in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
Ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, confusion, memory deficits (confabulations)
48
What is the cause of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
Thiamine def.
49
What is dry beriberi?
Thiamine def. damagin peripheral nerves
50
What is wet beriberi?
Thiamine def. affecting the heart
51
What are the symptoms of RMSF?
Malaise, frontal headache, fever, rash on hands and feet that spreads to involved the trunk
52
What organism is responsible for RMSF?
Rickettsia rickettsii
53
What is the morphology of Rickettsia rickettsii?
Gram negative, obligate intracellular bacterium
54
What is the progression of tularemia?
Papule progressing to necrotic, ulcerative lesion; associated with fever, malaise and chills
55
What are the symptoms of the bubonic plague?
Enlarged, hemorrhagic lymph nodes
56
Fatal hemorrhagic mediastinal lymphadenitis is characteristic of what disease?
Inhalation of anthrax
57
Goodpasture syndrome results in what type of glomerulonephritis?
Rapidly progressive (crescentic)
58
What is the MOA of fluconazole?
Inhibitor of fungal cytochrome P-450 dependent enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase
59
What happens when K+ levels are low in a patient on digoxin?
Digoxin is able to bind more readily to Na-K ATPase resulting in greater digoxin toxicity
60
Where is there a drug interaction between diuretics and digoxin?
Diuretics (loops and thiazides) can cause hypokalemia, resulting in digoxin toxicity
61
What is the inheritance pattern of Meknes disease?
X linked recessive
62
Mutation in what gene results in Menkes disease?
ATP7A - ATP dependent copper efflux protein in the intestine
63
Name three enzymes that need copper as a cofactor.
Lysyl oxidase (collagen synthesis), cytochrome C oxidase, and tyrosinase
64
What is a normal capillary wedge pressure?
6-12 mmHg
65
What are the affects of CCK on the pancreas, gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi?
Promotes pancreatic secretion, gallbladder contraction an sphincter of Oddi relaxation
66
What cells release CCK?
I cells
67
What is Trousseau's syndrome?
Migratory thrombophlebitis - inflammatory thrombosis of veins producing redness, swelling, and tenerness
68
When does one seen Trousseau's syndrome?
Mostly associated with tumors of the pancreas, lung, and colon
69
Painless obstructive jaundice, characterized by high direct bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase is seen in what type disease?
Pancreatic cancer
70
What are tumor markers for pancreatic cancer?
Carcinoembryonic antigen and CA 19-9
71
Immunosuppressed patient with ring enhancing brain lesions
Toxoplasma gondii
72
What is the definitive host of toxoplasma gondii?
Cats
73
What is the genetic mutation of congenital microvillus atrophy?
MYO5B
74
What does MYO5B code for?
Myosin Vb
75
What filament is important in the function of microvilli?
Actin microfilaments
76
Tumor marker CA 125 is associated with what type of malignancy?
Epithelial tumors of the ovary
77
What toxin is responsible for toxic shock syndrome?
TSST-1
78
What are the characteristic symptoms in TSS?
Fever, hypotension, diarrhea, and desquamating rash

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