Quiz 54 Flashcards
What is the cause of an annular pancreas?
Abnormal embryological rotation of the pancreatic bud
What is seen radiologically in chronic pancreatitis?
Pancreatic calcification - small opacities in the upper abdomen
Chronic pancreatitis can result in what endocrine disorder?
Diabetes mellitus
Rupture of bridging veins results in what type of brain bleed?
Subdural hematoma
Rupture of Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms produce hemorrhage where?
Intraparenchymal hemorrhage - commonly in the basal ganglia
Rupture of middle meningeal artery causes what type of brain bleed?
Epidural hematoma
Where can one find aneurysms in ADPKD?
Circle of Willis
Histologic evaluation of a lymph node showing mixture of cells (lymphocytes, histiocytes, eosinophils, and plasma cells) with scattered, large cells with prominent nucleoli is found in what disease?
Hodgkins lymphoma
What disease causes lymph node architecture to be distorted by broad bands of fibrosis?
Nodular sclerosing subtype of Hodgkins lymphoma
What subtype of cells are seen in nodular sclerosing Hodgkins lymphoma?
Subtype of Reed-Sternberg cells called lacunar cells
Chronically high venous pressure in the legs can result in what?
Varicose veins
In late stages of AIDs, what antibodies are not produced? Why?
IgG, IgA, and IgE are not produced - these antibodies need T-cell help
What bacterium is gram positive, grows in clusters and is non-hemolytic?
Staphylococcus epidermidis
What is the morphology of S. aureus? What type of hemolysis does it produce?
Gram positive cocci; catalase and coagulase +; beta-hemolytic
Gram positive cocci that ferments mannitol?
S. Aureus
Is S. pyogenes bacitracin sensitive or resistant? Hemolysis?
Sensitive; beta-hemolytic
What is the morphology of S. epidermidis? How is it differentiated from S. aureus?
Gram + cocci in clusters; catalase + but coagulase negative; also is gamma hemolytic
What is a distinguishing feature of S. epidermidis?
Novobiocin sensitive; biofilm producer
Gram positive cocci, catalase and coagulase negative, beta hemolytic, bacitracin resistant and CAMP+
S. Agalactiae
Gram positive cocci, catalase +, coagulase negative, novobiocin sensitive
S. Epidermidis
How does one differentiate between staph aureus, epidermidis, and saprophyticus?
All are catalse +, epidermidis and saprophyticus are coagulase negative and gamma-hemolytic; epidermidis is novobiocin sensitive and saprophyticus is novobiocin resistant
Acquired pure red cell aplasia is seen after infections with what?
Parvovirus B19
Patients with what disease(s) are prone to developing pure red cell aplasia?
Sickle cell anemia or hereditary spherocytosis
What anticonvulsant drugs can cause aplastic anemia?
Carbamazepine and phenytoin
What antibiotic can cause aplastic anemia?
Chloramphenicol
Bernard-Sloulier syndrome is due to absence of what?
Platelet Glycoprotein Ib, a receptor for vWF
What syndrome does one see thrombocytopenia, frequent infections, and eczema?
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Increasing the survival of a certain disease does what to incidence and prevalence?
Incidence is normal, but prevalence increases
Primary prevention does what to incidence and prevalence?
Both decrease
Increased death from a certain disease does what in incidence and prevalence?
Incidence in normal (stays the same), but prevalence decreases
Cart-wheel distribution of chromatin in the nucleus is seen in infections with what organism?
Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba histolytica causes what symptoms?
Diarrhea (can be bloody), peritonitis and liver abscess formation
What is seen in the stool of a patient infected with Entamoeba histolytica?
Cysts or trophozoites
Mumps is part of what viral family? What is its genetic makeup?
Paramyxoviridae; -ssRNA
How do paramyxoviruses evade the immune system? What type of immunity is thus important?
Evade by syncytia formation (spread from cell to cell this way); cell mediate immunity is important as antibodies (humoral immunity) don’t “see” the virus
What viruses are part of paramyxoviridae?
RSV, parainfluenza (croup), mumps, measles,