May 18/19th Flashcards
What is seen on biopsy of Buerger’s disease?
Segmental thrombosing vasculitis often extends into contiguous veins and nerves, encasing them in fibrous tissue
What are Gottron papules? When do you see them?
Flat-topped, violaceous papules over the joints of fingers seen in dermatomyositis
In trisomy 21, is there a nondisjunction during meiosis I or II?
Meiosis I
How is hypomania differentiated from mania?
Hypomania has lesser degree severity and functional impairment and the absence of psychosis
Patient exhibits noticeable change in behavior but are often very productive despite requiring less sleep; also history of major depressive episode
Bipolar II disorder
Manic episodes plus depressive episodes (but not required for diagnosis)
Bipolar I
Hypomanic episode and 1 or more major depressive episodes required for diagnosis
Bipolar II
What is factitious disorder?
Patient deceptively produces signs and symptoms of illness to assume sick role; want to obtain attention and medical care from health care personnel
What is the MOA of minoxidil?
Opens ATP dependent K channels, resulting in hyperpolarization and therefore relaxation
What drugs can cause coronary steal syndrome?
Adenosine and dipyridamole; they are selective vasodilators of coronary vessels
What is diphenoxylate?
Opioid anti-diarrheal; slows motility
What is the leading cause of CAP, otitis media, and meningitis in adults?
S pneumo
What is seen on biopsy of GI tract in celiac disease?
Increased intraepithelial lymphocytes; variable loos of villus height, crypt hyperplasia
Crypt abscesses in colonic mucosa is seen in what disease?
Ulcerative colitis
What is the main distinguishing characteristic of atypical depression?
Mood reactivity (feeling better in response to positive events)
What medications can be useful in atypical depression or treatment-resistant depression?
MAIs - eg phenelzine, tranylcypromine, selegiline
What type of enzymes require B3 usually?
Dehydrogenase and reductase enzymes; although FAD is needed for succinate dehydrogenase
What is Kussmaul sign? When do you see it?
Paradoxical rise in JVP on inspiration; seen in constrictive pericarditis
What is small intestinal bacterial overgrowth?
Due to gastric bypass surg; excessive bacterial overgrowth results in vit b12, A, D, E, iron def but and increase in folic acid and Vit K by the bacteria
What 5 catalase + species predominantly infect CGD?
S aureus, Burkholderia cepacia, Serratia, Nocardia, Aspergillus
The middle inferior rectal vein drains into what?
Internal iliac
The inferior rectal vein drains into what?
Internal pudenal vein
How does HBV increase the risk for HCC?
Integrates into the host genome with transcription of HBx protein which inactivates p53 tumor suppressor protein
Infant with inability to oxidize VLCFAs and phytanic acid (BCFA) is seen in what diseases?
Peroxisomal disease (eg Zellweger and Refsum)
What organelle metabolizes VLCFAs and FAs with branch points at odd-numbered carbons?
Peroxisome
