Quiz 45 Flashcards
What degenerates in the brain in Huntington Disease?
Caudate degenerates
What is the most common renal malignancy in children?
Wilms tumor
Does a Wilms tumor cross the midline? What can a Wilms tumor be contrasted with?
No a Wilms tumor does not cross the midline. It can be contrasted with a neuroblastoma which does cross the midline.
What is fundic (type A) chronic gastritis?
Pernicious anemia - autoimmune against parietal cells
Blowing pansystolic murmur:
Tricuspid regurgitation (radiates to right side of heart) and mitral regurgitation (radiates to left side of heart)
Midsystolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur:
aortic stenosis (right sternal border) and pulmonic stenosis (left sternal border)
What is the most common initial presentation of neurocysticercosis?
Seizures
What causes cysticercosis?
Taenia solium
The mesencephalon develops what part of the ventricle system?
Cerebral aqueduct
What are key markers for metastatic melanoma?
S-100 and HMB-45
What type of hypersensitivity is serum sickness?
Type III HSR
What cell surface markers are expressed in follicular lymphoma?
CD10, CD19, CD20
What translocation takes place in follicular lymphoma?
14;18 translocation = bcl-2 activation
What is seen on CT if middle meningeal artery is torn?
Epidural hematoma
What is the middle meningeal artery a branch of?
The maxillary artery
How does the maxillary artery enter the cranial cavity?
Foramen spinosum
What is the inheritance pattern for Friedreich ataxia?
Autosomal recessive
What mutation is responsible for Friedreich ataxia?
Expanded trinucleotide GAA repeat decreasing frataxin expression
What DNA repair mechanism is defective in patients with ataxia telangiectasia?
Double strand break
What causes subacute sclerosing panencephalitis?
Measles (robeola)
Where should an intercostal nerve block be injected?
Just below the rib and lateral to the angle of the rib to be anesthetized
What diseases are target cells seen in?
Thalassemia, hemoglobin C disease, asplenia, and liver disease
What is confounding bias?
Unanticipated factors obscure a relationship or make it seem like there is one when there is not.
What is the most common cause of neonatal meningitis?
Group B streptococci - S. agalactiae
An organism that is catalase neg, coagulase neg, beta hemolytic and bacitracin resistant?
S. Agalactiae
Organism that is catalase negative, coagulase negative, beta hemolytic and bacitracin sensitive, PYR +
S. Pyogenes
What is seen in an aspiration of osteoarthritis?
Clear fluid with high protein content and absence of inflammatory cells.
What cells are seen on peripheral smear of CML?
Neutrophils, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, basophils
What translocation is seen in CML?
9;22 - Philadelphia chromosome (BCR-ABL)
Multiple ring enhancing lesions in patient with AIDs
Toxoplasmosis
How is toxoplasmosis transmitted?
Ingestion of cysts from undercooked meat.
Posterior cord of the brachial plexus gives rise to what terminal branches?
Radial and axial branches
What causes epiglottitis in an unvaccinated patient?
H. Influenzae type B
What is heard on respiratory exam in patients with epiglottitis?
Inspiratory stridor
Most common cause of epiglottitis in patient up to date on vaccinations?
S. Pneumoniae
What is H. Influenzae?
Gram negative rod
What is seen on Xray of a patient with epiglottitis?
Thumb sign
When does one see the steeple sign?
Croup (laryngotracheitis)
What is type B gastritis?
Chronic antral gastritis, associated with H. Pylori infection
What are characteristic findings of acute gastritis on biopsy?
Patches of erythematous mucosa, sometimes with petechiae and/or ulceration.
Annular pancreas results from what embryonic dysfunction?
Malrotation of the ventral pancreatic bud that rotates around both the right and left sides of the second part of the duodenum, resulting in duodenal stenosis.
