Quiz 4 Flashcards
What are the two laws of thermodynamics energy follows?
- Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. Only converted/transformed
- Closed systems will increase in entropy over time (more random)
Not all energy is used. Some energy during transfers become what?
Heat energy
What are the two forms of energy?
Potential and Kinetic
What is potential energy?
Energy stored in a system
What is kinetic energy?
Energy in process of doing work
What is potential energy’s function of order?
The higher of order, the higher the energy.
Describe this:
AB ————> A+B
AB: High order, more P.E
A+B: Low order, less P.E
P.E releases over time
What is an Exergonic Rxn?
A rxn that goes from high to low order (energy is released)
What is Activation Energy?
The energy needed to start an rxn
What does the magnitude of A.E. determine?
The likleyhood that a rxn will occur.
Some reactions occur spontaniously, while others need what?
Some rxns do not happen unless something helps it.
What are the two ways to get an Exergonic Rxn started?
- Increase Temperature
- Lower A.E. - Enzymes
Why does our body temperature increase when we are sick?
In order to increase the efficiency of the immune system
What happens to an enzyme when it binds with a substrate?
The enzyme temporarily changes shape, causing a stress bond which eventually loses its affinity and changes back its shape
What are cofactors when lowering A.E?
Inorganic compunds required to activate the actin site
What are coenzymes?
Organic molecule that are required to activate the actin site
What is an endergonic reaction require in order to happen?
An exergonic reaction
What is Cellular Respiration (aerobic)?
It is the process of breaking down organic molecules into CO2+H2O, releasing their energy and using that energy to make an energy carrying molecule called Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). It is a huge exergonic process
ADP + Pi –> ?
ATP
What is Pi?
Inorganic phosphate
Describe the cell respiration graph
Exo: Organic molecule breaks down into CO2+H2O (Miny ATP to Miny ADP+Pi)
Endo: Miny Miny ADP+Pi to Miny ATP (relaxed muscle to contracted muscle).
What is an example of endo and exergonic process?
A power plany uses falling water to create electrical energy (exo), then we use that electricity to power lights and appliances (endo).
What are the four processes in Cellular Respiration?
- Glycosis (breaking down sugar)
- Pyravate Oxidation
- Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle
- Oxidation Phosphorylation
Where does Glycosis occur?
In the cytoplasm
