Quiz 12

Question 1

What is Speciation?

Answer 1

Evolution of one or more species from a parent species.

Question 2

What is the Biological Species Concept?

Answer 2

A species is a group of actually/potentially interbreeding populations that is reproductively isolated from other such group.

Question 3

What are the two steps of Speciation?

Answer 3

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Isolation

Question 4

Define Extrinsic Isolation

Answer 4

Something happens to stop gene flow between 2 populations of the same species.

Question 5

What is Intrinsic Isolation?

Answer 5

Over time, the 2 isolated populations evolve differently from each other to the point that they could no longer interbreed should the extrinsic barrier break down.

Question 6

What does Extrinsic Isolation prevent?

Answer 6

Interbreeding

Question 7

What does Intrinsic Isolation remove?

Answer 7

Potential for interbreeding

Question 8

What are the Intrinsic Isolation Mechanisms?

Answer 8

Pre-zygotic Mechanisms and Post-zygotes Mechanisms

Question 9

What does Pre-zygotes Mechanism prevent?

Answer 9

Fertalization

Question 10

What are the five pre-zygotic mechanisms?

Answer 10

Mechanical, Temperate, Habitat, Behavioral, and Gametic

Question 11

Define Mechanical Mechanisms

Answer 11

Physical difference in reproductive structures. Common in Anthropods & Flowering Plants

Question 12

Define Temporal Mechanisms

Answer 12

Differences in the timing of reproduction

Question 13

Define Habitat Mechanisms

Answer 13

differences in reproduction habitats

Question 14

What is an example of Habitat Mechanisms?

Answer 14

Salmon: Spawning in pleasant point in WA. In the river, the females are bigger while the males are smalled. In the lake, the males are bigger and the females are smaller.

Question 15

Define Behavioral Mechanisms

Answer 15

differences in reproductive behavior

Question 16

What is an example of behavioral mechanisms?

Answer 16

Birds have differences in courtship behaviors. Fireflies have different flight patterns/altitudes and flashing patterns.

Question 17

Define Gametic Mechanisms

Answer 17

Changes in surface proteins on the eggs & sperm

Question 18

When/what does Post-zygotic Mechanisms occur/do?

Answer 18

After fertilization - prevents viability

Question 19

What are the two types of Extrinsic Isolation?

Answer 19

Allopatric Speciation and Sympathetic Speciation

Question 20

Define Allopatric Speciation

Answer 20

Some physical barrier that separates the populations and blocks gene flow

Question 21

What are the two ways Allopatric Speciation occurs?

Answer 21

Vicariance (physical barrier “arises” (geological)) and through Dispersal to Unoccupied Habitats

Question 22

Define Sympathetic Speciation

Answer 22

Gene flow is halted between two segments of the same population

Question 23

What are the two ways Sympathetic Speciation occurs?

Answer 23

Disruptive Selections and Polyploidy

Question 24

Where is Disruptive Selection common in?

Answer 24

Phytophageous Insects. They feed and breed on one species of plants

Question 25

What is an example of Disruptive Selection?

Answer 25

Apple Maggot Fly - feeds & breeds on Hawthorn fruit. In the 1700s, Europeans introduced Crab Apples, which made some of them attracted to them instead.

Question 26

What is Polyploidy?

Answer 26

2N Female –Meosis and Complete Disjunction–> 2N Egg + 2N Sperm -> 4N Offspring -> 2 Gametes

Question 27

Define Systematics

Answer 27

The study of evolutionary relationships of organisms

Question 28

What are the tools of Systematics?

Answer 28

Fossil Record - Transitional Forms, Vestigial Structures, and Homologies

Question 29

What are Vestigial Structures?

Answer 29

Reduced/