Exam 4 first lecture

Question 1

What are mutations?

Answer 1

Changes in genetic makeup

Question 2

What are the two major types of mutations?

Answer 2

Point Mutation and Chromosomal Mutation

Question 3

What are the four different types of Point Mutation?

Answer 3

1) Silent Mutation
2) Missense (Replacement) Mutation
3) Nonsense Mutation
4) Frameshift Mutation

Question 4

Define Silent Mutation

Answer 4

Silent mutation does not alter the protein (does not change amino acid). There is a change in the genotype, but not the phenotype.

Question 5

Define Messense Mutation

Answer 5

The mutation results in a different amino acid in protein (change in primary structure of protein).

Question 6

What are the three parts from messense mutation? Define them

Answer 6

1) Neutral
2) Negative - decreases function of protein
3) Positive - enhances function of protein

Question 7

Define Nonsense Mutation

Answer 7

Creates a stop codon on mRNA. Premature termination occurs and the polypeptide is truncated

Question 8

Define Frameshift Mutation

Answer 8

Addition or loss of a nucleotide. Reading frame is shifted - massive missense.

Question 9

What is Chromosomal Mutation?

Answer 9

Changes in chromosomal structure or number

Question 10

What are the 4 types of structural mutations?

Answer 10

1) Duplication
2) Deletion
3) Translocation
4) Inversion

Question 11

Define duplication

Answer 11

part of chromosomal structure is duplicated.

Question 12

Define deletion

Answer 12

part of chromosomal structure is deleted from that code

Question 13

Define translocation

Answer 13

a piece of the chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.

Question 14

Define inversion

Answer 14

A segment of the chromosome breaks off, but reattaches back onto it but in reverse order.