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Biology 1 > Quiz 10 > Flashcards

Quiz 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What are sex-linked traits?

A

Non-gender related traits that show a gender-related inheritance pattern.

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2
Q

What is part of one set of sex chromosomes?

A

X and Y

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3
Q

Describe the X chromosome

A
  • Large
  • Contains most gender specific genes (M+F) and non-gender specific genes
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4
Q

Describe the Y chromosome

A
  • Small
  • around 70 genes - SRY gene + other male specific genes epistatic over gender specific genes
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5
Q

If the Y chromosome is present, then what genes are expressed? If not?

A
  • Male genes
  • Female genes if not
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6
Q

There is no such thing as a ________ male.

A

Heterozygous

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7
Q

What are the two types of genetic strcuture in Molecular Genetics?

A

DNA and RNA

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8
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxiribonucleic Acid

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9
Q

What does RNA stand for?

A

Ribonucleic Acid

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10
Q

What are DNA and RNA polymers for?

A

Nucleotides

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11
Q

Which structure has one less oxygen? One more oxygen

A

-1: DNA
+1: RNA

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12
Q

What are the two types of Nitrogeous bases?

A

Pyrimidines and Purines

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13
Q

What are the pyrimidines?

A

Cytosine, Uracil, and Thymine

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14
Q

What are the purines?

A

Guanine and Adenine

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15
Q

Which pyrimidine is only found in DNA?

A

Thymine

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16
Q

Which pyrimidine is only found in RNA?

A

Uracil

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17
Q

The # of Adenine = # of _____? They always bind together

A

Thymine (or Uracil in RNA)

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18
Q

The # of Guanine = # of _____? They always bind together

A

Cytosine

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19
Q

What is DNA’s three jobs?

A

1) Replication
2) Codes for proteins
3) Stores information

20
Q

What happens in replication?

A

Complimentary base pairing (A binds to T, G binds to C)

21
Q

What do chromosomes contain?

A

Orgins of Replication (OR)

22
Q

Define Orgins of Replication

A

A short sequence of nucleotide base pairs that start the process of replication.

23
Q

What molecules are involved in OR?

A

Helicase, Topoisimerase, Primase, DNA Polymerase III, DNA Polymerase I, DNA Ligase

24
Q

Define Helicase’s job

A

Binds to OR and moves in a 3 prime to 5 prime direction, separating the two strands

25
Define Topoisomerase's job
binds and moves head of helicase, unwinds the DNA
26
Define Primase's job
Attaches free RNA nucleotides to the DNA nucleotides at the OR (primer)
27
Define DNA Polymerase III's job
Adds free DNA nucleotides to exposed DNA strand, moving 3' to 5'. (Okazaki fragments)
28
Define DNA Polymerase I's job
Removes RNA nucleotides and replaces them with DNA nucleotides
29
Define DNA ligase's job
attaches DNA strands together
30
Draw the OR process
Check in book
31
What are the two steps of protein synthesis
1) Transcription 2) Translation
32
Define Transcription
Information on gene is used to build an RNA
33
Define Translation
Information on RNA is used to build a PROTEIN
34
What is a promoter site in transcription?
A short sequence of nucleotides that do not equal 40 base pairs up stream of a gene. They contain a TATA box.
35
What is the termination site?
Short sequence of nucleotides that signify the end of the gene
36
What are the steps of transcription?
1) Transcription factor (protein) binds to chromosome just upstream of promoter site 2) Allows RNA polymerase to bind to promoter site. 3) RNA polymerase moves down gene, separating the 2 DNA strands and adding RNA nucleotides to the 3'->5' strand. 4) RNA polymerase reaches the termination site - causes the RNA poly. to detach, RNA is then released and the DNA strands reconnect
37
What are the three types of RNA?
1) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 2) Messenger RNA (mRNA) 3) Transfer RNA (tRNA)
38
Define rRNA
- small piece of RNA that combines with proteins to make ribosomes
39
Define mRNA
Linear strand of RNA that serves as instructions for building a protein.
40
What do mRNA contain?
Condons, DNA triplets, and Stop Codon
41
What is a codon?
3 nucleotide sequence on rRNA that codes for a specific amino acids.
42
What is a DNA triplet?
3 nucleotide sequence on DNA that codes for a specific amino acid.
43
Starting with ATG, what is the coding, template, and methiomine strand sequence?
ATG -> TAC -> AUG
44
What is a Stop Codon?
They do NOT have an amino acid
45
Define tRNA
Folded RNAs that carry amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein.

Biology 1 (17 decks)

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