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Biology 1 > Quiz 10 > Flashcards

Quiz 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are sex-linked traits?

A

Non-gender related traits that show a gender-related inheritance pattern.

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2
Q

What is part of one set of sex chromosomes?

A

X and Y

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3
Q

Describe the X chromosome

A
  • Large
  • Contains most gender specific genes (M+F) and non-gender specific genes
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4
Q

Describe the Y chromosome

A
  • Small
  • around 70 genes - SRY gene + other male specific genes epistatic over gender specific genes
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5
Q

If the Y chromosome is present, then what genes are expressed? If not?

A
  • Male genes
  • Female genes if not
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6
Q

There is no such thing as a ________ male.

A

Heterozygous

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7
Q

What are the two types of genetic strcuture in Molecular Genetics?

A

DNA and RNA

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8
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxiribonucleic Acid

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9
Q

What does RNA stand for?

A

Ribonucleic Acid

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10
Q

What are DNA and RNA polymers for?

A

Nucleotides

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11
Q

Which structure has one less oxygen? One more oxygen

A

-1: DNA
+1: RNA

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12
Q

What are the two types of Nitrogeous bases?

A

Pyrimidines and Purines

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13
Q

What are the pyrimidines?

A

Cytosine, Uracil, and Thymine

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14
Q

What are the purines?

A

Guanine and Adenine

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15
Q

Which pyrimidine is only found in DNA?

A

Thymine

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16
Q

Which pyrimidine is only found in RNA?

A

Uracil

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17
Q

The # of Adenine = # of _____? They always bind together

A

Thymine (or Uracil in RNA)

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18
Q

The # of Guanine = # of _____? They always bind together

A

Cytosine

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19
Q

What is DNA’s three jobs?

A

1) Replication
2) Codes for proteins
3) Stores information

20
Q

What happens in replication?

A

Complimentary base pairing (A binds to T, G binds to C)

21
Q

What do chromosomes contain?

A

Orgins of Replication (OR)

22
Q

Define Orgins of Replication

A

A short sequence of nucleotide base pairs that start the process of replication.

23
Q

What molecules are involved in OR?

A

Helicase, Topoisimerase, Primase, DNA Polymerase III, DNA Polymerase I, DNA Ligase

24
Q

Define Helicase’s job

A

Binds to OR and moves in a 3 prime to 5 prime direction, separating the two strands

25
Q

Define Topoisomerase’s job

A

binds and moves head of helicase, unwinds the DNA

26
Q

Define Primase’s job

A

Attaches free RNA nucleotides to the DNA nucleotides at the OR (primer)

27
Q

Define DNA Polymerase III’s job

A

Adds free DNA nucleotides to exposed DNA strand, moving 3’ to 5’. (Okazaki fragments)

28
Q

Define DNA Polymerase I’s job

A

Removes RNA nucleotides and replaces them with DNA nucleotides

29
Q

Define DNA ligase’s job

A

attaches DNA strands together

30
Q

Draw the OR process

A

Check in book

31
Q

What are the two steps of protein synthesis

A

1) Transcription
2) Translation

32
Q

Define Transcription

A

Information on gene is used to build an RNA

33
Q

Define Translation

A

Information on RNA is used to build a PROTEIN

34
Q

What is a promoter site in transcription?

A

A short sequence of nucleotides that do not equal 40 base pairs up stream of a gene. They contain a TATA box.

35
Q

What is the termination site?

A

Short sequence of nucleotides that signify the end of the gene

36
Q

What are the steps of transcription?

A

1) Transcription factor (protein) binds to chromosome just upstream of promoter site
2) Allows RNA polymerase to bind to promoter site.
3) RNA polymerase moves down gene, separating the 2 DNA strands and adding RNA nucleotides to the 3’->5’ strand.
4) RNA polymerase reaches the termination site - causes the RNA poly. to detach, RNA is then released and the DNA strands reconnect

37
Q

What are the three types of RNA?

A

1) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
2) Messenger RNA (mRNA)
3) Transfer RNA (tRNA)

38
Q

Define rRNA

A
  • small piece of RNA that combines with proteins to make ribosomes
39
Q

Define mRNA

A

Linear strand of RNA that serves as instructions for building a protein.

40
Q

What do mRNA contain?

A

Condons, DNA triplets, and Stop Codon

41
Q

What is a codon?

A

3 nucleotide sequence on rRNA that codes for a specific amino acids.

42
Q

What is a DNA triplet?

A

3 nucleotide sequence on DNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

43
Q

Starting with ATG, what is the coding, template, and methiomine strand sequence?

A

ATG -> TAC -> AUG

44
Q

What is a Stop Codon?

A

They do NOT have an amino acid

45
Q

Define tRNA

A

Folded RNAs that carry amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein.

Biology 1 (15 decks)

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