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Biology 1 > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the main characteristics of life?

A
  1. They respond in environments
  2. Cells: membrane bound in which complex chemical reactions occur and are regulated
  3. Energy
  4. Metabolism
  5. Replication/Reproduction
  6. Homeostasis
  7. Evolution
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2
Q

What is the process of replication/reproduction?

A

It is the vertical transfer of genetic information. “Hereditary”

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3
Q

Is replication/reproduction a perfect process?

A

No, genetic mutations occur during the process.

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4
Q

What are the 3 Domains of Life?

A
  1. Archaea
  2. Bacteria
  3. Eukerya
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5
Q

Define the Archaea Domain

A

It consists of Ancient Bacteria. They are also extremophiles (thrive in extreme environments). It consists of prokaryotic cells

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6
Q

Define the Bacteria Domain

A

It consists of prokaryotic cellular organisms that have unique ribosomal structures.

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7
Q

Define the Eukerya Domain

A

Consists of eukaryotic cellular organisms. Consists of 3 lineages

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8
Q

What are the 3 lineages of the Eukerya Domain?

A

Fungi, Animalia, Plantie

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9
Q

Define the characteristics of the Fungi lineage

A
  1. Multicellular, except yeast!
  2. Heterotrophs
  3. Cell wall of chitin
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10
Q

Define the characteristics of the Animalia lineage

A
  1. Multicellular
  2. Heterotrophic (uses organic sources of energy)
  3. Lack of a cell wall
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11
Q

Define the characteristics of the Plantie lineage

A
  1. Multicellular
  2. Autotrophs (use inorganic energy to make organic energy)
  3. Cell wall of cellulose
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12
Q

What are Protists?

A

Eukaryotic organisms that are not either of the 3 lineages

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13
Q

What are elements?

A

Made up of pure matter which are composed of atoms.

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14
Q

What do atoms consist of?

A
  1. Protons (+)
  2. Neutrons (=)
  3. Electrons (-)
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15
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

Number of protons an atom has

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16
Q

What if the element has unequal protons and neutrons?

A

The element is an isotope, which is radioactive

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17
Q

What happens if the element has an unequal amount of protons and electrons?

A

The element is ionic

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18
Q

What are the two different types of ions?

A
  1. Cation (+ ion)
  2. Anion (- ion)
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19
Q

What are electrons?

A

Negatively charged particles that orbit the atom’s nucleus in shells

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20
Q

How many electrons can the inner most shell hold?

A

2

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21
Q

How many electrons can the outer most shells hold?

A

8

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22
Q

What must happen to a shell in order for the electrons to fill into the next shell?

A

A shell must be full before electrons can appear in the next outer shell!

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23
Q

What is a valence electron?

A

An unpaired electron in the outermost shell. They determine how other atoms interact with that atom.

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24
Q

What if the atom doesn’t have any valence electrons?

A

Then the atom does NOT react.

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25
Q

What if the atom DOES have valence electrons?

A

Then the atom CAN react

26
Q

Atoms can ___ or ___ electrons depending on how many protons the other atom has? This forms an ionic bond.

A

Gain or Lose

27
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

Weak electrostatic attraction between cations and anions

28
Q

Name an example of an ionic bond

A

Na + Cl -> NaCl

29
Q

What bond do the atoms make when they share electrons?

A

Covalent bond

30
Q

Name an example of a covalent bond

A

Methane (C+4H -> CH4)

31
Q

Where is the energy store?

A

In the bonds. Breaking the bond releases energy

32
Q

Name an example of a double covalent bond

A

Dioxide (O=O)

33
Q

What is a Hydrogen bond?

A

Weak electrostatic attraction between polar molecules (O-H)

34
Q

What makes an bond polar?

A

Unequal sharing of electrons (oppositely charged)

35
Q

What makes a bond non-polar?

A

Equal sharing of electrons (equally charged)

36
Q

What is high specific heat?

A

The amount of energy gain/loss required to change temperature by 1 calorie

37
Q

What is high latent heat?

A

Amount of hidden energy needed to change state without changing temperature.

38
Q

What temperature is water most dense at?

A

4 degrees celsius

39
Q

Name some characteristics of water

A
  1. High surface tension (capillary action)
  2. Aqueous solution (water-based)
  3. Low viscosity (flows easily)
  4. Solvent (dissolved polar molecules)
40
Q

Define capillary action

A

It pulls water up without suction

41
Q

What are the two different types of liquids?

A

Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic

42
Q

What are the characteristics of a hydrophilic liquid?

A
  1. Consists of polar molecules
  2. Bonds with water (H bond)
43
Q

What are some characteristics of a hydrophobic liquid?

A
  1. Does NOT bond with water (ex/ oil)
  2. Consists of non-polar molecules
44
Q

What are the 4 major types of organic molecules?

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Lipids
  3. Proteins
  4. Nucleic Acids
45
Q

Name some characteristics of carbohydrates

A
  1. Come from diet (autotrophic organisms)
  2. Source of energy
  3. Function is structure
46
Q

What are the three forms of carbohydrates?

A
  1. Monosaccharides
  2. Disaccharide
  3. Polysaccharide
47
Q

Name some characteristics of monosaccharides

A
  1. 5-6 carbon ringed molecules
  2. Are polar, energy-rich, and small
  3. During the chemical process, the reaction needs energy and enzymes. The product produces water as well
48
Q

What amount of calories evaporates water?

A

580 calories

49
Q

Name a characteristic of disaccharides

A
  1. Condensation rxn (dehydration)
50
Q

What are polysaccharides a polymer of?

A

Monosaccharides

51
Q

What are some examples of polysaccharides?

A
  1. Starch: long strands of glucose (energy storage)
  2. Chitin
  3. Glycogen: stored mostly in liver
  4. Cellulose (parallel strands)
52
Q

What are the characteristics of Lipids?

A
  1. Fat/Fat like molecules
  2. structural
  3. used for energy storage
  4. used for insulation/H2O proofing
  5. Hormones
53
Q

What are 4 types of Lipids?

A
  1. Triglycerides
  2. Phospholipids
  3. Steroids
  4. Waxes
54
Q

What is a characteristic of Triglycerides?

A

3 long-chain fatty acids + glycerol

55
Q

What is an acid?

A

Any compound that releases H in a loose environment

56
Q

What are two different types of fats?

A

Saturated and Unsaturated

57
Q

Name some characteristics of saturated fats

A
  1. Solid animal fat
  2. more energy per /lb
  3. packed together (represented in lines)
58
Q

Name some characteristics of unsaturated fats

A
  1. Plant fat
  2. liquid (ex/ vegetable oil)
  3. More double bonds
  4. Don’t pack together (represented in jagged lines)
  5. Partially hydrogenated
59
Q

Define Mechanical Mechanisms

A

Physical differences in reproductive structures. Common in Arthropods and Flowering plants

60
Q

Define Temperate Mechanism

A

Differences in the timing of reproduction

61
Q

Define Habitat Mechanisms

A

Differences in reproduction habitat

Biology 1 (17 decks)

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