Quiz 3 (Ch. 3)

Question 1

graph

Answer 1

primary tool used to document behavior

-visual of occurrence of behavior over time, where recorded info is transferred to

-identify behavior before treatment and after

Question 2

abscissa

Answer 2

x-axis

Question 3

ordinate

Answer 3

y-axis

Question 4

6 components for complete graph

Answer 4

1. y/x-axis
2. axis labels
3. # s on axis
4. data points
5. phase lines
6. phase labels

Question 5

axis labels

Answer 5

y-axis tells behavior or dimension of behavior recorded

-x-axis tells unit of time during which behavior is recorded

Question 6

s on axis

Answer 6

y-axis indicates unit of measurement for behavior

-x-axis indicates units of measurement to time w/ hash marks

Question 7

data points

Answer 7

indicate lvl. of B that occurred @ each time period from data sheet or B recording instrument and linked to other data points by line

Question 8

phase lines

Answer 8

vertical line on graph that indicates change in treatment (no treatment <-> treatment, treatment -> treatment)

-data points not linked across lines

Question 9

phase labels

Answer 9

appears @ top of graph above phase (no treatment or treatment), can have 1+ phase for both

Question 10

research design

Answer 10

determine if treatment (IV) changed TB (DV) and rule out possibility that extraneous variables caused B to change

Question 11

functional relationship/experimental control

Answer 11

established if:

-TB (DV) changes when IV changes

-process is replicated and B (DV) changes each time IV changes

-behavior (DV) only changes when IV changes

Question 12

single subject designs

Answer 12

one person experiences all conditions and their behavior across conditions is compared

Question 13

group designs

Answer 13

compare 2+ groups and use statistics to determine whether there’s a significant difference between them

Question 14

A-B design

Answer 14

A = baseline, B = treatment

-doesn’t demonstrate functional relationship because treatment isn’t replicated or rules out confounding variables

-used mostly in applied, non research situations

Question 15

A-B-A-B reversal design

Answer 15

baseline and treatment are implemented twice because after 1st treatment, researchers remove it and go back to baseline

-variations of A-B-A-B reversal design may be used in which 1+ treatment is evaluated (A-B-C-A-C)

-provides stronger demonstration of functional relationship

Question 16

Considerations to take into account in deciding to use A-B-A-B research design?

Answer 16

may not be ethical to remove treatment in 2nd baseline if behavior is dangerous

-irreversibility

Question 17

3 types of multiple-baseline designs

Answer 17

multiple-baseline-across-subjects

-multiple-baseline-across-behaviors

-multiple-baseline-across-settings

-replicated (not within subject) and not subject to irreversibility

-lengthy

Question 18

multiple baseline across subjects

Answer 18

baseline and treatment phase for TB of 2+ subjects

Question 19

multiple baseline across behaviors

Answer 19

baseline and treatment for 2+ BEHAVIORS of same subject

Question 20

multiple baseline across settings

Answer 20

baseline and treatment for 2+ SETTINGS in which behavior of same subject is measured

Question 21

multielement/alternating treatments design (ATD)

Answer 21

multi-element design, treatment and baseline are done rapidly during alternating days and compared in same period

-quickly shows experimental control and comparison

-disadvantage of carryover effects and indiscriminate conditions

Question 22

changing criterion design

Answer 22

step-wise changes in criterion for TB

-can be used to increase or decrease behavior

-incorporate mini-reversal to show experimental control

-useful as fading tool and incorporating rule-governed behavior

-not all behavior conducive to changing criterion

Question 23

trend

Answer 23

data are increasing and decreasing across a phase