Quiz 10 Pt. 1 (Ch. 9)

Question 1

shaping

Answer 1

develop target behavior that a person doesn’t exhibit

Question 2

differential reinforcement

Answer 2

successive approximations of target behavior until person exhibits it

-involves reinforcement and extinction

-occurs when behavior is reinforced and other behaviors aren’t in a situation

Question 3

successive approximation

Answer 3

behavior that resembles target behavior

-shaping starts with identifying existing behavior that’s the approx. of target behavior (starting behavior/first approx.)

-after behavior is strengthened by reinforcement, its extinguished -> extinction burst

-closer approx. occurs and is reinforced and continues until person exhibits target behavior

Question 4

What ways can shaping be used?

Answer 4

-generating novel behavior
–(i.e., dolphin tricks)

-reinstating previously exhibited behavior
–(i.e., walking)

-changing dimension of existing behavior
(i.e., time between urination)

Question 5

steps of shaping

Answer 5

1) define target behavior
2) determine if shaping is the most appropriate procedure
3) identity starting behavior
4) choose shaping steps
5) choose reinforcer to use in shaping procedure
6) differentially reinforce each successive approx.
7) move through shaping steps at proper pace

Question 6

1) define target behavior

Answer 6

determine whether and when shaping program is successful

Question 7

2) determine if shaping is the most appropriate procedure

Answer 7

if person engages in target behavior at least occasionally, one doesn’t need to use shaping
–use differential reinforcement to increase frequency of target behavior

Question 8

3) identity starting behavior

Answer 8

starting behavior must have some relevance to target behavior

Question 9

4) choose shaping steps

Answer 9

-person must master each step before moving to the next, each step, each step a closer approx. to target behavior (successive approx.)

Question 10

5) choose reinforcer to use in shaping procedure

Answer 10

amount of reinforcement should be such so that person does not satiate easily

-conditioned reinforcers (token, praise) are useful to avoid satiation

Question 11

6) differentially reinforce each successive approx.

Answer 11

beginning with starting behavior, reinforce each instance of behavior until behavior occurs reliably

-reinforce next approx. while no longer reinforcing previous approx.

-continue until target behavior is occurring and being reinforced

Question 12

7) move through shaping steps at proper pace

Answer 12

reinforcing one approx. too many times may make it hard to move to the next step
–person may keep engaging in past approx.

-if person doesn’t master one approx., it can be impossible or hard to go to next step

-facilitated by telling person what is expected or cueing or prompting appropriate behavior

Question 13

shaping problem behaviors

Answer 13

may be developed unintentionally
–showing off, self-injurious behavior, arguments