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Biomechanics > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Study of forces and their effects

A

Mechanics

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2
Q

Motion of objects, including: displacement, acceleration and velocity

A

Kinematics

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3
Q

Study of relationships btw force system and the changes it produces in body motion

A

Kinetics

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4
Q

Uses principles of mechanics for solving problems related to bio/physiologic systems

A

Biomechanics

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5
Q

Scalars are ____ only

A

Magnitude

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6
Q

Examples of scalars

A

Distance
Speed
Mass

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7
Q

Vectors are ____ and ____

A

Magnitude and direction

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8
Q

Examples of vectors

A 
Displacement
Velocity
Acceleration
Weight
Momentum
Force
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9
Q

How much ground an object has covered during its motion

A

Distance

Scalar quantity

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10
Q

How far out of place an object is; overall change in position

A

Displacement

Vector quantity

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11
Q

How fast an object is moving

A

Speed

Scalar quantity

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12
Q

Speed =

A

Distance/time

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13
Q

Speed is ____ of direction

A

Ignorant

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14
Q

Rate at which an object changes its position

A

Velocity

Vector quantity

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15
Q

Velocity =

A

Displacement/time

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16
Q

Velocity is direction ____

A

Aware

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17
Q

HVLA

A

High velocity low amplitude

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18
Q

Rate at which an object changes its velocity

A

Acceleration

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19
Q

Acceleration =

A

Velocity/time

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20
Q

Acceleration is a

A

Vector quantity

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21
Q

Direction of acceleration depends on

A

Object speeding up/slowing down

Object moving in + or - direction

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22
Q

Amount of matter contained by the object

A

Mass

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23
Q

Mass is a

A

Scalar quantity

Constant

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24
Q

Force of gravity acting upon that object

A

Weight

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25
Q

Weight is a

A

Vector quantity

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26
Q

As centers of two bodies are moved farther apart, the gravitational attraction btw them ___

A

Dec.

and vice versa

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27
Q

Weight is ___ on the poles

A

Higher — your center closer to center of earth

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28
Q

Quantity of motion an object possesses

A

Momentum

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29
Q

Momentum =

A

Mass x velocity

30
Q

Momentum is a

A

Vector quantity

31
Q

Something that has a lot of momentum is going to be

A

Hard to stop

32
Q

Action upon a body causing it to deform or move

A

Force

33
Q

Newton is the amount of force required to

A

Give 1kg mass acceleration of 1meter/s2

34
Q

Force =

A

Mass x acceleration

35
Q

To increase force we either inc ___ or ____

A

Mass; acceleration

Or both

36
Q

Resistance to have its state of motion changed by application of a force

A

Inertia

37
Q

Law of Inertia (Newtons 1st law)

A

An object at rest stays at rest; an object at motion stays in motion

UNLESS acted upon by an unbalanced force

38
Q

A system in equilibrium is either

A

At rest or moving w/ constant velocity

39
Q

Law of Force and Acceleration (Newton’s 2nd Law)

A

Acceleration of an object directly depends on net force acting up it

Inversely upon mass of the object

40
Q

Observed change in motion

A

Acceleration

41
Q

Law of action and reaction (newton’s 3rd Law)

A

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

42
Q

Normal stress

A

Intensity of force perpendicular to surface on which it acts

43
Q

Shear stress

A

Intensity of force parallel to surface on which it acts

44
Q

Higher friction coefficient means that

A

It is harder to get an object into motion

45
Q

Static friction

A

Two contacting surfaces not currently sliding but have potential for movement

46
Q

Kinetic friction

A

Two surfaces are already sliding relative to each other

47
Q

Kinetic friction AKA

A

Dynamic friction

48
Q

Magnitude of applied force acting over a given area

A

Pressure

49
Q

P =

A

F/A

50
Q

When an object is displaced by application of force

A

Work

51
Q

Work =

A

Force x distance

52
Q

Work can be

A

Positive or negative

53
Q

Changes in velocity have ___ effects on kinetic energy

A

Large

Because velocity is squared

54
Q

KE =

A

1/2mv^2

55
Q

Axis of rotation

A

Point about which a body rotates

56
Q

Lever arm

A

Perpendicular distance from axis of rotation

57
Q

Product of force and lever arm; tendency of force to rotate an object around an axis

A

Torque

58
Q

We move because of

A

Torque

Muscles apply eccentric forces to bones

59
Q

Type 1 lever

A

Fulcrum between effort and load/resistance

60
Q

Type 2 lever

A

Load/resistance between fulcrum and effort

61
Q

Type 3 lever

A

Effort between fulcrum and load/resistance

62
Q

Type 1 lever example on body

A

Head/neck

63
Q

Type 2 lever example on body

A

Leg/ankle

64
Q

Type 3 lever example on body

A

Elbow

65
Q

Moment arm =

A

Force x lever arm distance

66
Q

> 1 mechanical advantage in

A

Force

67
Q

<1 mechanical advantage in

A

Speed and range of motion

68
Q

If fulcrum is directly in middle of lever, mechanical advantage is

A

1.00 — neither force has an advantage

69
Q

Effort farther than load from fulcrum = lever at a ______

A

Mechanical advantage

Speed and distance = disadvantage

70
Q

Effort nearer than load to fulcrum = lever at a _______

A

Mechanical disadvantage

Speed and distance = advantage

Biomechanics (15 decks)

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