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Biomechanics > Exam 3: Gait Quiz > Flashcards

Exam 3: Gait Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Gait

A

Manner or style of walking

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2
Q

Gait analysis

A

Evaluation of manner or style of walking

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3
Q

Kinetic chain

A

Combo of successively arranged joints constituting complex motor unit

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4
Q

Open chain movement

A

Kinetic chain where terminal segment can move freely

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5
Q

Closed chain movement

A

Kinetic chain where distal end of extremity is fixed

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6
Q

Ground reactive forces

A

Force exerted by ground on body in contact with it

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7
Q

Examples of open chain movements

A

Biceps curl
Bench press
Leg extension
Free movement

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8
Q

Closed chain movements

A

Push-ups
Pull-ups
Squats, lunges
Compressive forces

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9
Q

Heel strike

A

Moment when heel strikes ground

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10
Q

Toe off

A

Moment when toe leave ground

Not longer in BOS

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11
Q

Step

A

Movement of 1 LE from toe off to heel contact

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12
Q

Stride

A

2 steps, 1 with each leg

AKA gait cycle

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13
Q

Step length is measured by the distance between

A

Toe of trailing limb to heel of leading limb

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14
Q

Stride length is the distance between

A

2 successive placements of same foot

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15
Q

Stride length consists of

A

2 step lengths (L and R)

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16
Q

Double support if the portion of one gait cycle where

A

Both feet are in contact w/ the ground

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17
Q

Flight/float is a period of

A

“Non-support”

Neigher foot is in contact w/ the ground

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18
Q

One complete gait cycle

A

Moment first foot contact ground until same foot again makes ground contact

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19
Q

Bipedal gait cycle consists of 2 phases

A

Stance

Swing

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20
Q

Stance

A

LE contacting ground

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21
Q

Swing

A

LE swinging through air preparing for next impact

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22
Q

While walking, typical gait cycle lasts

A

About 1 sec

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23
Q

Stance phase makes up __% of gait cycle

A

60%

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24
Q

Swing phase makes up __% of gait cycle

A

40%

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25
Q

Stance phase: distal end of kinetic chain is

A

Fixed by ground reactive forces

Closed chain motion

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26
Q

Stance phase has 3 sub-phases

A

Contact
Midstance
Propulsive

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27
Q

Swing phase: distal end of kinetic chain is

A

Freely mobile

Open chain motion

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28
Q

Stance phase: contact subphase begins at ____ and ends at ____

A

Heel strike; entire forefoot makes ground contact

First 1/3 of stance phase

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29
Q

Loading response in stance phase

A

Sole of foot comes into contact w/ ground

Weight of body accepted onto supporting limb

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30
Q

Loading response subphase = ____ of gait cycle

A

First 10%

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31
Q

Stance phase: midstance

A

Period when Center of gravity if vaulting over foot

32
Q

Midstance ends at point of

33
Q

Midstance makes of ___ of stance phase

A

Second 1/3

34
Q

Stance phase: propulsive subphase begins when ____ and ends when ____

A

Heel leaves ground (heel lift); tips of toes no longer make ground contact

35
Q

Propulsive subphase makes up _____ of stance phase

36
Q

Stance phase when running

A

Changes timing of the events

37
Q

Stance subphases when running

A 
Contact = first 20%
Midstance = next 25%
Propulsive = final 55%
38
Q

3 parts of swing phase

A

Acceleration
Midswing
Deceleration

39
Q

Acceleration begins w/ ___ and ends w/ ____

A

Toe off; swinging foot reaching stance foot

40
Q

Midswing occurs when

A

Swinging leg overtakes stance leg

41
Q

Midswing begins as ______ and ends when ____

A

Swinging leg opposite stance leg; swinging leg is forward, tibia is vertical

42
Q

Deceleration begins with ____ and ends with ____

A

Vertical tibia of swing leg; heel strike

43
Q

5 priorities of normal gait

A
  1. Stability of WB foot
  2. Clearance of NWB foot
  3. Pre-position during terminal swing
  4. Adequate step length
  5. Energy conservation
44
Q

Swing of arms is _____ with the legs

A

Out of phase (opposite)

45
Q

As the arm moves forward, shoulders

A

Rotate w/ arms

46
Q

Shoulders and pelvis rotate ____

A

Out of phase with each other

47
Q

Thoracic spine moves in ____ directions as shoulders and ____ of pelvis to enhance stability and balance

A

Same (shoulders); opposite (pelvis)

48
Q

Lumbar spine tends to rotate w/

49
Q

The point of rotational transition btw L and T is typically btw

50
Q

SI joint during right leg swing phase, right innominate rotates

A

Form anterior to posterior at point of initial contact

51
Q

Right leg loading response to mid stance, right innominate moves from

A

Posterior rotation to neutral

52
Q

Right leg midstance to terminal stance, right innominate rotates

A

Anteriorly

53
Q

For normal gait to occur, pelvis must both rotate

A

ThetaX and tilt thetaZ

54
Q

Trendelenburg Sign

A

Pelvis drops on side of lifted foot

55
Q

Trendelenburg sign indicates

A

Weak glute med on side of stance leg

56
Q

Subtalar joint functions as mitered hinge during gait to transmit

A

Internal/external rotation of tibia to rotation of the foot

57
Q

Foot supination involves

A

Plantarflexion
Adduction
Inversion

58
Q

Foot pronation

A

Dorsiflexion
Abduction
Eversion

59
Q

At heel strike, ankle is ____

A

Dorsiflexed

60
Q

During loading response ____ at talocrural joint, ____ at subtalar joint

A

Plantar flexion; pronation

61
Q

End of midstance interval talocrural joint is ____ and subtalar joint ______

A

Max dorsiflexed; begins to supinate

62
Q

Once ankle is fully close-packed, heel is lifted by combo of

A

Passive force and contraction of triceps surae

63
Q

At heel strike, subtalar joint is

64
Q

Lateral foot striking the ground

A

5th though 1st metatarsal head loading

65
Q

____ maintains medial arch

A

Plantar fascia

66
Q

Propulsive phase of foot begins with ___ and ends with

A

Heel lift; toe-off

67
Q

____ is necessary for foot propulsion

68
Q

2 events crucial in creating rigid lever

A

Close pack position

Plantar fascia pulled tight

69
Q

What helps create the close pack position

A

Supination of subtalar joint when heel lifts, cuboid and calcaneous lock

70
Q

Windlass effect

A

Toes dorsiflex pulling on plantar fascia resulting in approximation of rearfoot and forefoot

71
Q

2 most important factors in absorbing shock of impact are

A

Pronation of subtalar joint

Eccentric muscle actions

72
Q

Titialis anterior concentric action

A

Dorsiflex and invert foot

73
Q

Tibialis anterior eccentrically slows

A

Plantar flexion after heel strike

Pronation after heel strike

74
Q

Tibialis posterior concentric action

A

Plantarflex and invert foot

75
Q

Tibialis posterior eccentrically slows

A

Dorsiflexion and pronation during midstance

Biomechanics (15 decks)

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