Exam 1: Tendons/Ligs/Nerves Flashcards
Fibrous tissue connecting muscle to bone
Tendon
Fibrous tissue connecting bone to bone
Ligament
Tendons/ligs are composed of
Collagen and fibrocytes
Tendons are joined to skeletal muscle at the
Musculotendinous junction
Strain/sprain are injuries to soft tissue that goes through 3 stages of healing
Inflammation
Repair
Remodeling
Inflamm can last up to ____ and is characterized by
72 hours; pain, swelling, redness, inc temp
Repair can last anywhere from ________ after the injury
48 hours - 6 weeks
Repair is characterized by _______ forming
Fibroelastic and collagen
Remodeling can take anywhere from ______ after injury
3 weeks to 12 months
A strain is an
Overexertion/stress on contractile tissues
Soft tissue most at risk for a strain
Muscle
Tendons sometimes as well
Muscles most at risk for strains
Muscles crossing 2 joints
- hamstrings
- rectus femoris
- medial gastrocnemius
Grade one strain
Few fibers torn
Minor weakness/loss of function
Get it when you work out
Grade 2 strain
1/4 — 1/2 muscle/tendon is torn
Moderate to major weakness and loss of fxn
Grade 3 strain
All fibers are torn
Major weakness and loss of fxn
Grade 2 strains can still exhibit some ____ but it is painful
Active movement
Grade 3 strains exhibit no active movement because
No fibers to contract (all torn)
Grade 2 strains may exhibit ____ ROM and grade 3 strains may exhibit ____ ROM
Dec; inc
Sprain
Overexertion or stress on non-contractile tissues
Tissues most likely to be injured by sprain
Ligament
Capsule
Grade 1 sprain
Few fibers torn
Minor weakness
Painful to stretch in passive movement
Grade 2 sprain
1/4 - 1/2 lig torn
Moderate to major weakness
Grade 3 sprain
All fibers torn
Major weakness/instability
Grade 3 sprain, patient may exhibit minor or no pain because
There is nothing to stress
Do grade 3 sprains exhibit passive movement?
Yes, too much
Inc ROM
Trauma and nerve entrapment produce mechanical deformation that results in
Deterioration of function
Common modes of nerve injury
Stretching
Compression
In nerves, Maximal elongation at elastic limit is ____
20%
Complete structural failure of a nerve seems to occur at max elongation of
25-30%
Severe intraneural tissue damage is produced by tension before
Nerve fails/ruptures
Tensile injuries are most often a result of
Accidents
Compression of a nerve can induce symptoms:
Numbness
Pain
Muscle weakness
At ____ mmHg of compression, functional changes occur
30
Compression at 30 mmHg brings about changes in
Axonal transport systems
Long-standing compression may thus lead to
Depletion of axonally transported proteins distal to compression
80 mmHg causes
Complete cessation of intraneural blood flow
But after 2+ hours of compression, blood flow is
Rapidly restored
Loose pack position of a joint
When capsule has most slack
Resting position
Close pack position of a joint
Joint surfaces are in closest approximation
Capsule and ligs maximally stressed
When a joint becomes excessively restricted due to adhesion in the capsule
Adhesive capsulitis
Capsular pattern
Pattern of restriction in joint due to limitations in capusle
Non-capsular patterns can arise from
Joint mice
Impingements
Plica
