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Biomechanics > Exam 2: Scoliosis > Flashcards

Exam 2: Scoliosis Flashcards

1
Q

Curves less than ___ degrees are just postural changes

A

10 degrees

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2
Q

If curve is greater than 10 degrees, and is accompanied by vertebral rotation it is called

A

Scoliosis

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3
Q

___% of cases are idiopathic

A

80

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4
Q

MC scoliosis

A

Right thoracic

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5
Q

Functional scoliosis

A

Caused by postural problem, muscle spasm, or leg-length inequality

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6
Q

Structural scoliosis

A

Bony distortion

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7
Q

Which type of scoliosis can often be addressed

A

Functional

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8
Q

Scoliosis affects how many people in US

A

5-7 million

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9
Q

Scoliosis most often develops between ages

A

10-15

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10
Q

Boys or girls most commonly affected?

A

Girls

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11
Q

Can scoliosis be inherited?

A

Yes, those w/ parents or siblings who have it should be evaluated

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12
Q

Prevalence in kids 10-16 years old

A

2-4%

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13
Q

Ratio of girls to boys having a curve greater than 30 degrees

A

10:1

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14
Q

What population of young girls are at highest risk

A

Scoliosis greater than 25 degrees, but haven’t had 1st menstrual period

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15
Q

Risser grades

A 
1 = 25%
2 = 50%
3 = 75%
4 = 100%
5 = skeletal maturity
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16
Q

Low risk of progression

A

5-15%

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17
Q

Moderate risk of progression

A

15-40%

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18
Q

High risk of progression

A

40-70%

19
Q

Very high risk of progression=

A

70-90%

20
Q

Curve and Risser sign associated with a high risk of progression

A

20-29 degrees w/ 0/1 Risser sign

> 29 degrees w/ 2-4 Risser sign

21
Q

Curve and Risser sign associated w/ very high risk of progression

A

> 29 degrees w/ 0-1 Risser sign

22
Q

Scoliosis develops in 2 stages

A

Curve initiation

Curve progression

23
Q

Hueter-Volkmann Law

A

Bone growth before skeletal maturity is stunted by mechanical compression on growth plate; and is accelerated by growth plate tension

24
Q

Treatment options

A

Careful observation
Bracing
Surgery

25
Q

Most common treatment option

A

Careful observation

26
Q

T/F: most scolioses do not progress and cause few, if any, physical problems

A

True

27
Q

Bracing is generally used on kids who

A
  1. Have not reached skeletal maturity

2. Curves btw 25-45 degrees

28
Q

Surgery is used in cases where

A

Curves are >45 degrees and are progressive

Function of vital organs are affected

29
Q

Chiropractic interventions

A

Adjustments

Exercises and EMS

30
Q

American Academy of Ortho Surgeons recommends screening girls and boys

A

Girls = 2x (ages 10 and 12)

Boys = 1x (age 13 or 14)

31
Q

American Academy of Pediatrics recommends screening kids at ages

A

10, 12, 14, and 16

32
Q

Adam’s Forward Bend Test

A

Patient asked to bend 90 degrees at waist

Examiner can view asymmetry of trunk/spinal curvatures

33
Q

Screening hints

A 
Shoulders different heights
Head not centered over pelvis
Prominent hip/uneven waist
Rib cages diff heights
Changes in overlying skin
Leaning of body
34
Q

Cobb angle of ___ degrees defines scoliosis

A

10

35
Q

Moderate curves (20-40 degrees) are treated w/

A

Patient and bracing

36
Q

MC brace used to treat scoliosis

A

Boston Brace

Thoraco-lumbar-sacral orthosis (TLSO)

37
Q

Milwaukee brace

A

Similar to Boston Brace, but includes neck ring

CTLSO

38
Q

Braces have ___% success rate at halting curve progression

A

74%

39
Q

Bracing does NOT ____ but may ____

A

Correct scoliosis; may prevent serious progression

40
Q

Braces usually recommended to be worn ___ hours per day

A

23 is optimal (but at least 16)

41
Q

Curves in growing children greater than __ degrees require spinal fusion

A

40 degrees

42
Q

Skeletally mature patients can be observed until their curves reach

A

50 degrees

43
Q

Thoracic scoliosis surgery results in loss of

A

Kyphosis (also lumbar lordosis over time)

44
Q

5-7 years post-surgery 1/5-1/3 of patients experienced

A

LBP and disc degeneration below fusion

Biomechanics (15 decks)

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