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Biomechanics > Exam 3: Gait Cont. > Flashcards

Exam 3: Gait Cont. Flashcards

1
Q

Common problem at knee during stance period is

A

Excessive flexion

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2
Q

During swing period, MC error at knee is due to

A

Inadequate motion

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3
Q

MC problems at foot and ankle during gait

A

Malrotation
Varus/valgus
Abnormal muscle movements

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4
Q

MC problems at hip during gait

A

Inadequate power
Inadequate ROM
Malrotation

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5
Q

Rearfoot varus deformity

A

Rear foot inverted

Medial side of HEEL is elevated

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6
Q

Forefoot varus deformity

A

Rear foot normal

Medial side of forefoot elevated

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7
Q

Compensation for rearfoot and forefoot varus

A

STJ pronation

Leaves foot in unstable position

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8
Q

Forefoot varus causes stress on

A

Plantar fascia

Inc risk for fascia injury

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9
Q

When assesing foot mechanics during running you look at

A

Heel strike
Midstance
Toe-off

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10
Q

When assessing knee mechanics you look at

A

Strength
Alignment
Flexibility

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11
Q

Which muscle primarily eccentrically controls knee extension in prep for heel strike

A

Hamstrings

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12
Q

Hamstring weakness results in reduced hip extension at

A

Toe-off

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13
Q

Weakness of hamstrings allows for inc shear forces on

A

ACL and menisci

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14
Q

Quads stabilize knee during

A

Flexion and stance phase

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15
Q

Which quad muscle contributes very little to support

A

Rectus femoris

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16
Q

Other muscles crossing knee minimize

A

Internal and external rotation

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17
Q

Q angles greater than 15 degrees thought to be associated w/

A

Atypical gait mechanics and patellofemoral pain

NO research to support this

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18
Q

Limited hamstring flexibility linked to

A

Shortened stride length

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19
Q

During stance phase which muscles produce majority of support

A

Glute maximus and medius

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20
Q

Weakness of glute max and medius creates

A

Pelvic instability

LE misalignment

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21
Q

During midstance, which muscles provide support

A

Glute medius and minimus

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22
Q

Which muscles contract during midstance to produce hip extension

A

Gluteus maximus and hamstrings

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23
Q

Leg length discrepancy influence on overall gait mechanics

A

Longer limb = inc loading

Short limg = dec stance time

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24
Q

Hip flexiblity reduces ____ throughout knee and ankle

A

Torsional stress

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25
Q

Common running-related injuries

A

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS)

Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS)

26
Q

One of MC injuries in running and jumping sports

A

PFPS

27
Q

2nd leading cause of knee pain in runners

A

ITBS

28
Q

MC cause of lateral knee pain in runners

A

ITBS

29
Q

Supinated foot AKA high arch, may require shoes that provide

A

Stability

30
Q

Neutral feet, AKA normal arch may require these shoes

A

Neutral

31
Q

Pronated foot, AKA flat arch may require _____ shoes

A

Motion control

32
Q

Barefoot running compared to shoe wear

A

Dec stride length
Inc stride rate
Dec ROM at ankle, knee, hip
Dec forces transmitted to knee and hip

33
Q

4 categories that cause gait deviations

A
  1. Weakness
  2. Abnormal joint position or ROM
  3. Muscle contracture
  4. Pain
34
Q

Antalgic gait results from

A

Joint inflamm

Muscle tendon/lig injury

35
Q

Antalgic gait characterized by

A

Dec in stance period on involved side

36
Q

Dec in stance period n antalgic gait is an attempt to

A

Eliminate weight from involved leg

37
Q

Equinus gait

A

Toe-walking

38
Q

Common gait pattern of patients w/ spastic diplegia

A

Equinus gait

39
Q

Equinus gait is characterized by

A

Forefoot strike and premature plantar flexion in early stance to midstance

40
Q

Gluteus maximus gait is characterized by

A

Posterior thrusting of trunk at initial contact

41
Q

Posterior thrusting of trunk is used as an attempt to

A

Maintain hip extension of stance leg

42
Q

____ _____ _____ also results in forward tilt of pelvis and hyperlordosis of spine

A

Hip extensor weakness

43
Q

Quadriceps gait

A

Circumduction of affected leg

44
Q

In quadriceps gait, patient leans body toward

A

Other side to balance center of gravity

45
Q

Quadriceps weakness can result from

A

Peripheral nerve lesion
Spinal NR lesion
Trauma
Disease

46
Q

Spastic gait may result from

A

Unilateral or bilateral UMN lesions

47
Q

Spastic gait

A

Stiff, foot-dragging walk from contracture

48
Q

Spastic hemiplegic gait results from

A

unilateral UMN lesion

Frequently seen following a stroke

49
Q

Spastic paraparetic gait results from

A

Bilateral UMN lesion

Cervical myelopathy (adults)
Cerebral palsy (kids)
50
Q

Ataxic gait is seen in two principal disorders

A

Cerebellar disease

Posterior column disease

51
Q

Posterior column disease ataxic gait AKA

A

Sensory ataxic gait

52
Q

Ataxic gait characterized by

A

Unsteady, uncoordinated walk

Wide base and feet thrown out

53
Q

Steppage gait occurs in patients w/

A

Foot drop

54
Q

Steppage gait results from

A

Weakness or paralysis of dorsiflexor muscles

55
Q

In steppage gait patient lifts leg

A

High enough to clear flail foot off the floor and then slaps foot on the floor

56
Q

Trendelenburg gait is due to

A

Weakness of hip abductors (medius and minimus)

57
Q

In Trendelenburg gait, patient demonstrates excessive lateral list in which

A

Trunk thrust laterally in attempt to keep COG over stance leg

58
Q

Parkinsonian gait AKA

A

Festinating gait

59
Q

Parkinsonian gait is characterized by

A

Flexed and stooped posture

60
Q

Parkinsonian gait, patient has difficulty

A

Initiating movements and walks w/ short steps

Shuffling gait w/ rapid steps

61
Q

Hysterical gait is ____ and ____

A

Non-specific; bizarre

62
Q

In hysterical gait there may be

A

Ataxia
Spasticity
Inability to move

Biomechanics (15 decks)

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