Exam 3: Gait Cont.

Question 1

Common problem at knee during stance period is

Answer 1

Excessive flexion

Question 2

During swing period, MC error at knee is due to

Answer 2

Inadequate motion

Question 3

MC problems at foot and ankle during gait

Answer 3

Malrotation
Varus/valgus
Abnormal muscle movements

Question 4

MC problems at hip during gait

Answer 4

Inadequate power
Inadequate ROM
Malrotation

Question 5

Rearfoot varus deformity

Answer 5

Rear foot inverted

Medial side of HEEL is elevated

Question 6

Forefoot varus deformity

Answer 6

Rear foot normal

Medial side of forefoot elevated

Question 7

Compensation for rearfoot and forefoot varus

Answer 7

STJ pronation

Leaves foot in unstable position

Question 8

Forefoot varus causes stress on

Answer 8

Plantar fascia

Inc risk for fascia injury

Question 9

When assesing foot mechanics during running you look at

Answer 9

Heel strike
Midstance
Toe-off

Question 10

When assessing knee mechanics you look at

Answer 10

Strength
Alignment
Flexibility

Question 11

Which muscle primarily eccentrically controls knee extension in prep for heel strike

Answer 11

Hamstrings

Question 12

Hamstring weakness results in reduced hip extension at

Answer 12

Toe-off

Question 13

Weakness of hamstrings allows for inc shear forces on

Answer 13

ACL and menisci

Question 14

Quads stabilize knee during

Answer 14

Flexion and stance phase

Question 15

Which quad muscle contributes very little to support

Answer 15

Rectus femoris

Question 16

Other muscles crossing knee minimize

Answer 16

Internal and external rotation

Question 17

Q angles greater than 15 degrees thought to be associated w/

Answer 17

Atypical gait mechanics and patellofemoral pain

NO research to support this

Question 18

Limited hamstring flexibility linked to

Answer 18

Shortened stride length

Question 19

During stance phase which muscles produce majority of support

Answer 19

Glute maximus and medius

Question 20

Weakness of glute max and medius creates

Answer 20

Pelvic instability

LE misalignment

Question 21

During midstance, which muscles provide support

Answer 21

Glute medius and minimus

Question 22

Which muscles contract during midstance to produce hip extension

Answer 22

Gluteus maximus and hamstrings

Question 23

Leg length discrepancy influence on overall gait mechanics

Answer 23

Longer limb = inc loading

Short limg = dec stance time

Question 24

Hip flexiblity reduces ____ throughout knee and ankle

Answer 24

Torsional stress

Question 25

Common running-related injuries

Answer 25

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS)

Question 26

One of MC injuries in running and jumping sports

Answer 26

PFPS

Question 27

2nd leading cause of knee pain in runners

Answer 27

ITBS

Question 28

MC cause of lateral knee pain in runners

Answer 28

ITBS

Question 29

Supinated foot AKA high arch, may require shoes that provide

Answer 29

Stability

Question 30

Neutral feet, AKA normal arch may require these shoes

Answer 30

Neutral

Question 31

Pronated foot, AKA flat arch may require _____ shoes

Answer 31

Motion control

Question 32

Barefoot running compared to shoe wear

Answer 32

Dec stride length Inc stride rate Dec ROM at ankle, knee, hip Dec forces transmitted to knee and hip

Question 33

4 categories that cause gait deviations

Answer 33

1. Weakness 2. Abnormal joint position or ROM 3. Muscle contracture 4. Pain

Question 34

Antalgic gait results from

Answer 34

Joint inflamm | Muscle tendon/lig injury

Question 35

Antalgic gait characterized by

Answer 35

Dec in stance period on involved side

Question 36

Dec in stance period n antalgic gait is an attempt to

Answer 36

Eliminate weight from involved leg

Question 37

Equinus gait

Answer 37

Toe-walking

Question 38

Common gait pattern of patients w/ spastic diplegia

Answer 38

Equinus gait

Question 39

Equinus gait is characterized by

Answer 39

Forefoot strike and premature plantar flexion in early stance to midstance

Question 40

Gluteus maximus gait is characterized by

Answer 40

Posterior thrusting of trunk at initial contact

Question 41

Posterior thrusting of trunk is used as an attempt to

Answer 41

Maintain hip extension of stance leg

Question 42

____ _____ _____ also results in forward tilt of pelvis and hyperlordosis of spine

Answer 42

Hip extensor weakness

Question 43

Quadriceps gait

Answer 43

Circumduction of affected leg

Question 44

In quadriceps gait, patient leans body toward

Answer 44

Other side to balance center of gravity

Question 45

Quadriceps weakness can result from

Answer 45

Peripheral nerve lesion Spinal NR lesion Trauma Disease

Question 46

Spastic gait may result from

Answer 46

Unilateral or bilateral UMN lesions

Question 47

Spastic gait

Answer 47

Stiff, foot-dragging walk from contracture

Question 48

Spastic hemiplegic gait results from

Answer 48

unilateral UMN lesion Frequently seen following a stroke

Question 49

Spastic paraparetic gait results from

Answer 49

Bilateral UMN lesion ``` Cervical myelopathy (adults) Cerebral palsy (kids) ```

Question 50

Ataxic gait is seen in two principal disorders

Answer 50

Cerebellar disease Posterior column disease

Question 51

Posterior column disease ataxic gait AKA

Answer 51

Sensory ataxic gait

Question 52

Ataxic gait characterized by

Answer 52

Unsteady, uncoordinated walk Wide base and feet thrown out

Question 53

Steppage gait occurs in patients w/

Answer 53

Foot drop

Question 54

Steppage gait results from

Answer 54

Weakness or paralysis of dorsiflexor muscles

Question 55

In steppage gait patient lifts leg

Answer 55

High enough to clear flail foot off the floor and then slaps foot on the floor

Question 56

Trendelenburg gait is due to

Answer 56

Weakness of hip abductors (medius and minimus)

Question 57

In Trendelenburg gait, patient demonstrates excessive lateral list in which

Answer 57

Trunk thrust laterally in attempt to keep COG over stance leg

Question 58

Parkinsonian gait AKA

Answer 58

Festinating gait

Question 59

Parkinsonian gait is characterized by

Answer 59

Flexed and stooped posture

Question 60

Parkinsonian gait, patient has difficulty

Answer 60

Initiating movements and walks w/ short steps Shuffling gait w/ rapid steps

Question 61

Hysterical gait is ____ and ____

Answer 61

Non-specific; bizarre

Question 62

In hysterical gait there may be

Answer 62

Ataxia Spasticity Inability to move