Exam 2: Thoracics

Question 1

T spine thought to be designed for

Answer 1

Rigidity

Question 2

Protection of thoracic viscera takes precedence over

Answer 2

Intersegmental spinal mobility

Question 3

Thoracic spine is the _____ part of spinal column

Answer 3

LEAST mobile

Question 4

T spine serves as ____ btw C and L spines

Answer 4

Transition area

Question 5

Upper T spine resembles ___ spine

Answer 5

C

Question 6

Lower T spine tends to resemble ___ spine

Answer 6

L

Question 7

T spine is prone to ____ problems and ____ syndromes

Answer 7

Chronic postural; myofascial pain

Question 8

T spine is clinically important bc biomechanical changes may result in effects to

Answer 8

Sympathetic NS (T1-L2)

Question 9

Spinous processes are ____ and limit ____

Answer 9

Long and slender; extension

Question 10

T spine transverse processes are ____ and have a concave facet on _____

Answer 10

Thick, strong, long; anterior side

Question 11

Facets of T spine are ___ degrees from horizontal plane, and __ degrees from frontal plane

Answer 11

60 degrees; 20 degrees Y axis rotation

Question 12

Inferior articular process orientation

Answer 12

AIM

Question 13

Superior articular process orientation

Answer 13

Posterior, superior, lateral

BUL

Question 14

Thoracic IVDs are comparatively

Answer 14

Thin

Question 15

Disc height to body ratio is

Answer 15

1:5 (smallest in spine)

Question 16

Low ratio contributes to

Answer 16

Least flexibility in spine

Question 17

The nucleus is more ____ located w/in annulus

Answer 17

Centrally

Question 18

Normal kyphotic curve is less than

Answer 18

55 degrees

Question 19

Greater than 55 degrees =

Answer 19

Hyperkyphotic

Question 20

Average kyphotic curve

Answer 20

45 degrees

Question 21

T curve is considered a ___ curve

Answer 21

Primary

Question 22

The kyphotic curve is maintained by

Answer 22

Wedge-shaped VB

Question 23

Curve extends from T1-12 w/ ___ as apex

Answer 23

T6-7

Question 24

Thoracic VB are higher ____

Answer 24

Posteriorly

Question 25

Alterations in kyphosis can be

Answer 25

Anatomic or postural | Structural or functional

Question 26

A change in primary T curve likely to produce change in

Answer 26

C and L secondary curves

Question 27

Change in T curve often associated w/

Answer 27

Chronic stretch of trapezius and posterior back/neck muscles

Question 28

As T curve increases, it crowds the

Answer 28

Thoracic viscera

Question 29

Increased thoracic kyphosis can be a result of

Answer 29

Juvenile kyphosis (Scheuermann disease) Osteoporosis

Question 30

In T spine flexion and extension is

Answer 30

Restricted

Question 31

____ is most limited because of impaction of articular and spinous processes

Answer 31

Extension

Question 32

Axial rotation and lateral bending demonstrate _____ movement

Answer 32

Nearly equal

Question 33

Rotation and lateral bending exhibit ___ as much movement ad flex/ext

Answer 33

2x

Question 34

Primary movement in T spine

Answer 34

Lateral bending coupled w/ axial rotation

Question 35

ThetaZ (Lateral bending) is always coupled with

Answer 35

ThetaY (axial rotation)

Question 36

T1-T4 spinous rotates to ____ side

Answer 36

Contralateral

Question 37

T9-T12 spinous rotates more to ___ side

Answer 37

Ipsilateral

Question 38

Sometimes we just split T spine in half

Answer 38

T1-6 like cervicals | T7-12 like lumbars

Question 39

Thoracic flexion and extension combined w/ slight

Answer 39

+/- Z translation

Question 40

When walking, greatest rotation is observed in

Answer 40

Middle Thoracics

Question 41

The rib cage inc Y axis stability during compression ___times

Answer 41

4

Question 42

Costovertebral joints

Answer 42

Heads of ribs to VB

Question 43

Costotransverse joints

Answer 43

Necks and tubercles or ribs w/ TP

Question 44

Ribs to only articulate w/ single VB

Answer 44

1 and 10-12

Question 45

Ribs to articulate w/ adjacent VBs

Answer 45

2-9

Question 46

Ribs to have a costotransverse joint

Answer 46

1-10

Question 47

True ribs definition

Answer 47

Connect to sternum directly via costal cartilage

Question 48

Ribs that are true ribs

Answer 48

1-7

Question 49

False ribs definition

Answer 49

Indirectly attached via shared costal cartilage

Question 50

Ribs that are false ribs

Answer 50

8-10

Question 51

Floating ribs definition

Answer 51

Free floating, no anterior attachment

Question 52

Ribs that are floating ribs

Answer 52

Ribs 11-12

Question 53

Effect of body rotation on ribs

Answer 53

Accentuate posterior concavity of rib on side of body rotation and flattening on opposite side

Question 54

Movements are dec from levels ___ but coupled movements are same as for the typical cervical region

Answer 54

C6-T3

Question 55

CT junction is considered hard to adjust bc

Answer 55

Transition from most mobile to least mobile area of the spine

Question 56

Significant structural characteristic in lower T spine

Answer 56

Change from coronal facet plane to sagittal plane in L spine

Question 57

Posterior primary rami of spinal roots of T12-L2 form

Answer 57

Cluneal nerves

Question 58

Cluneal nerves innervate

Answer 58

Skin and superficial structures of upper posterolateral butt, iliac crest, groin

Question 59

Maigne syndrome

Answer 59

chronic and acute back pain caused by lower T spine rather than L or SI regions