Quiz 1 Flashcards by Collin Laneiro

What are the Types of Vertebra and How many are there of each

Cervical 7
Thoracic 12
Lumbar 5
Sacrum 5
Coccyx 2

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What are the types of Joints and Give Examples of each type

1.Fibrous

ex.Sutures of the skull …Serrate sutures/Sutures of the Parietal Bones

Syndesmosis

Gomphosis

2.Cartiligous

Primary :

epiphyseal plate

Secondary cartilaginous joints:
- symphysis
(pubic,intervertebral disks)

3.Synovial
ex. Elbow (Hinge)

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What’s the curvature of each spine? Include primary and secondary curavtures

Primary Curvatures: Kyphosis:Thoracic, Sacral
Present at birth, don’t change.

Secondary: Lordosis : Cervical, Lumbar

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Name the 3 types of Erector Spinae from lateral to lateral
Hint. I Like Standing

Iliocostalis , Spinalis, Longismus

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What are the 3 Subcategories of the Iliocostal Muscle Group?

Lumborum, Thoracis, Cervicis

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What are the 3 Subcategories of the Longismus Muscle Group?

Thoracis, cervicis, capitis

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What are the 3 Subcategories of the Spinalis Muscle Group?

Thoracic, Cervicis, Capitis

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What are the most Superficial Muscles of the Back?

Trapezius and Latismus Dorsi Muscles

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What Seperates the Intrinsic Muscles From the Superficial Muscles?

ThoraColumbar fascia

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How do the Different Vertebra Differ?

The articular facets and Spinous Process show the difference

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What Goes through the Vertebral Foramen?

Spinal Cord

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What Goes through the Tranverse Foramen

Vertebral Artery

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Where do the Ribs Articulate with Vertabrae?

CostoVertebral Joint

the facets of the transverse processes articulate with the tubercle of the associated rib.

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What Composes the Transversospinalis Muscle Group?

Semispinalis- capitis, cervicis, thoracis
Multifidus
Rotatores

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What are the Intrinsic Back Muscles?

Superficial- Splenius Cervicis and Splenius Capitis
Intermediate-Erector spinae
Transversospinalis - multifidus etc.

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What are the Superficial Back Muscles(Intrisic)?

Splenius Capitus and Splenius Cervicis

Whats the nerve supply for all intrinsic back muscles?

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

what does the anterior longitudinal ligament limit?

Limits Hyperextension, all other limit flexion

Where does the nuchal ligament run ?

The nuchal ligament (ligamentum nuchae) is a prominent band running from the occipital bone of the skull (external occipital protuberance) across the tips of cervical spinous processes

What is the Origin, Insertion, and actions of the Splenius Muscles?

Capitis Arise from Nuchal ligament and go down to C7

The Cervicis runs T4 to Nuchal Ligament

Alone : Laterally flex neck and rotate head to side of active muscles

Together: extend head and neck

What is the Origin, Insertion, and actions of the Erector Spinae?

All Arise at Posterior end of Iliac Crest

Iliocostal ends at Lower ribs/ Cervical Transverse Processes

Spinalis Ends at Upper Thoracic spinous process and Cranium

Longismus ends at Processes of Thoracic and Cervical to Mastoid Process

Unilaterally:Laterally Flex VC

BiLaterally: Extend Vertebral column and head

What is the Origin, Insertion, and actions of the Multifidus?

Arise at posterior Sacrum

Runs entire length of the VC

Unilateral contraction rotates to contralateral side, stabilizes VC during local movements

What is the Origin, Insertion, and actions of the Rotatores?

Arise in transverse process of Vertebra best seen in thoracic region

Run 2 segments superior of origin and attatch to the Lamina

Stablize Vertabrae and help with local extension

Intervertebral disc tissue contains high levels of what?

The intervertebral disc tissue contains high levels of the macromolecule proteoglycan

Proteoglycans bind very readily to water

So IV discs allow the vertebral column to adapt to forces—acting like shock absorbers

This is one reason we are taller when we get out of bed in the morning; and lose height during the day

What forces can intervertebral discs withstand and cant withstand?

Intervertebral discs can withstand compressive and tensile forces OK; but cannot withstand shear forces very well Discs experience shear forces during rotation of the vertebral column

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) location and function

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) is found within the subarachnoid space CSF bathes the spinal cord, and cushions it against forces experienced by the vertebral column can be extracted from L2

What Makes up the Axial Skeletion and Appendicular?

Axial: Skull, VC, Ribs, Ossicles Appendicular: Everything else Look at the picture everytime this card pops up

What is Hiltons Law?

Nerves that Supply the muscle that move a joint will also supply the joint and surrounding skin

What is the Fiber Direction in the Erector Spinae?

Medial to Lateral

What is the Fiber Direction in the Transversospinalis Group?

Lateral to Medial

How many Vertebrae do the TraversoSpinalis muscles stretch?

-The semispinalis muscles span 4-6 vertebrae -Multifidus spans 2-4 vertebrae -Rotatores span 1-2 vertebrae They Rotate the VC

Why do most intervertebral disc herniations occur in a posterolateral direction?

1.) The anatomy of the discs, discs are located closer to posterior margin 2.)Structure of the Spinal Posterior and Anterior longitudal ligament prevent disc from slipping out front or back

Where do interverebral disc herniations occur? Where are they most common?

Can occur anywhere in VC but most common in Lumbar due to the greatest experiences of forces

Uncus joint is a common site of what ?

Uncovertebral joints are a common site of bone spur formation- may be associated with neck pain

Whats a spinal cord segment?

Spinal Cord Segment: A portion of the spinal cord giving rise to the roots of spinal nerves.

Where do dorsal rami and ventral rami supply?

Dorsal (posterior) rami—travel towards the posterior surface of the body—motor nerves supply intrinsic back muscles; sensory nerves supply the skin of the back Ventral rami supply structures located anterior to vertebral bodies— motor nerves to trunk muscles, extremity muscles, sensory nerves to skin, etc.