Quiz 1 Flashcards
What are the Types of Vertebra and How many are there of each
Cervical 7
Thoracic 12
Lumbar 5
Sacrum 5
Coccyx 2
What are the types of Joints and Give Examples of each type
1.Fibrous
ex.Sutures of the skull …Serrate sutures/Sutures of the Parietal Bones
Syndesmosis
Gomphosis
2.Cartiligous
Primary :
epiphyseal plate
Secondary cartilaginous joints:
- symphysis
(pubic,intervertebral disks)
3.Synovial
ex. Elbow (Hinge)
What’s the curvature of each spine? Include primary and secondary curavtures
Primary Curvatures: Kyphosis:Thoracic, Sacral
Present at birth, don’t change.
Secondary: Lordosis : Cervical, Lumbar
Name the 3 types of Erector Spinae from lateral to lateral
Hint. I Like Standing
Iliocostalis , Spinalis, Longismus
What are the 3 Subcategories of the Iliocostal Muscle Group?
Lumborum, Thoracis, Cervicis
What are the 3 Subcategories of the Longismus Muscle Group?
Thoracis, cervicis, capitis
What are the 3 Subcategories of the Spinalis Muscle Group?
Thoracic, Cervicis, Capitis
What are the most Superficial Muscles of the Back?
Trapezius and Latismus Dorsi Muscles
What Seperates the Intrinsic Muscles From the Superficial Muscles?
ThoraColumbar fascia
How do the Different Vertebra Differ?
The articular facets and Spinous Process show the difference
What Goes through the Vertebral Foramen?
Spinal Cord
What Goes through the Tranverse Foramen
Vertebral Artery
Where do the Ribs Articulate with Vertabrae?
CostoVertebral Joint
the facets of the transverse processes articulate with the tubercle of the associated rib.
What Composes the Transversospinalis Muscle Group?
Semispinalis- capitis, cervicis, thoracis
Multifidus
Rotatores
What are the Intrinsic Back Muscles?
Superficial- Splenius Cervicis and Splenius Capitis
Intermediate-Erector spinae
Transversospinalis - multifidus etc.
What are the Superficial Back Muscles(Intrisic)?
Splenius Capitus and Splenius Cervicis
Whats the nerve supply for all intrinsic back muscles?
dorsal rami of spinal nerves
what does the anterior longitudinal ligament limit?
Limits Hyperextension, all other limit flexion
Where does the nuchal ligament run ?
The nuchal ligament (ligamentum nuchae) is a prominent band running from the occipital bone of the skull (external occipital protuberance) across the tips of cervical spinous processes
What is the Origin, Insertion, and actions of the Splenius Muscles?
Capitis Arise from Nuchal ligament and go down to C7
The Cervicis runs T4 to Nuchal Ligament
Alone : Laterally flex neck and rotate head to side of active muscles
Together: extend head and neck
What is the Origin, Insertion, and actions of the Erector Spinae?
All Arise at Posterior end of Iliac Crest
Iliocostal ends at Lower ribs/ Cervical Transverse Processes
Spinalis Ends at Upper Thoracic spinous process and Cranium
Longismus ends at Processes of Thoracic and Cervical to Mastoid Process
Unilaterally:Laterally Flex VC
BiLaterally: Extend Vertebral column and head
What is the Origin, Insertion, and actions of the Multifidus?
Arise at posterior Sacrum
Runs entire length of the VC
Unilateral contraction rotates to contralateral side, stabilizes VC during local movements
What is the Origin, Insertion, and actions of the Rotatores?
Arise in transverse process of Vertebra best seen in thoracic region
Run 2 segments superior of origin and attatch to the Lamina
Stablize Vertabrae and help with local extension
Intervertebral disc tissue contains high levels of what?
The intervertebral disc tissue contains high levels of the macromolecule proteoglycan
Proteoglycans bind very readily to water
So IV discs allow the vertebral column to adapt to forces—acting like shock absorbers
This is one reason we are taller when we get out of bed in the morning; and lose height during the day
What forces can intervertebral discs withstand and cant withstand?
Intervertebral discs can withstand compressive and tensile forces OK; but cannot withstand shear forces very well
Discs experience shear forces during rotation of the vertebral column
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) location and function
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) is found within the subarachnoid space
CSF bathes the spinal cord, and cushions it against forces experienced by the vertebral column
can be extracted from L2
What Makes up the Axial Skeletion and Appendicular?
Axial: Skull, VC, Ribs, Ossicles
Appendicular: Everything else
Look at the picture everytime this card pops up
What is Hiltons Law?
Nerves that Supply the muscle that move a joint will also supply the joint and surrounding skin
What is the Fiber Direction in the Erector Spinae?
Medial to Lateral
What is the Fiber Direction in the Transversospinalis Group?
Lateral to Medial
How many Vertebrae do the TraversoSpinalis muscles stretch?
-The semispinalis muscles span 4-6 vertebrae
-Multifidus spans 2-4 vertebrae
-Rotatores span 1-2 vertebrae
They Rotate the VC
Why do most intervertebral disc herniations occur in a posterolateral direction?
1.) The anatomy of the discs, discs are located closer to posterior margin
2.)Structure of the Spinal Posterior and Anterior longitudal ligament prevent disc from slipping out front or back
Where do interverebral disc herniations occur? Where are they most common?
Can occur anywhere in VC but most common in Lumbar due to the greatest experiences of forces
Uncus joint is a common site of what ?
Uncovertebral joints are a common site of bone spur formation- may be associated with neck pain
Whats a spinal cord segment?
Spinal Cord Segment: A portion of the spinal cord giving rise to the roots of spinal nerves.
Where do dorsal rami and ventral rami supply?
Dorsal (posterior) rami—travel towards the posterior surface of the body—motor nerves supply intrinsic back muscles; sensory nerves supply the skin of the back
Ventral rami supply structures located anterior to vertebral bodies— motor nerves to trunk muscles, extremity muscles, sensory nerves to skin, etc.
