Exam 1

Question 1

What is the Supraspinous Ligament?

Answer 1

It is a ligament Continous with the Nuchal Ligament

Question 2

what does the anterior longitudinal ligament limit?

Answer 2

Limits extension, all other limit flexion

Question 3

What is associated with Spina Bifida?

Answer 3

failure of the vertebral laminae to fuse to form the spinous process is assosciated with the spina bifida

Question 4

Are the Tranversospinalis muscles contralateral contractors or ipsilateral?

Answer 4

The transversospinalis muscles are all contralateral movers

Splenius Muscles are ipsilateral

Question 5

What is the Spina Bifida Classified as ?

Answer 5

A Neural tube defect

The incidence of spina bifida and other neural tube defects is reduced with maternal prenatal intake of folic acid

Question 6

What is Spina Bifida Occulta?

Answer 6

a Asymptomatic disease in up to 24% of population

Question 7

What are the 3 types of Spina Bifida Cystica?

Answer 7

Meningocele
Meningomyelocele
Myeloschisis

Question 8

What is Spina Bifida Cystica?

Answer 8

neurological symptoms may be present, depending on how much neural tissue is involved

Question 9

What is the Pars Interarticularis?

Answer 9

an area of the vertebra that is sometimes unstable or affected by trauma

Question 10

What is Spondylolysis?

Answer 10

Spondylolysis-fracture through the pars interarticularis (scottie dog with collar

Question 11

What is Spondylolisthesis?

Answer 11

fracture through pars interarticularis accompanied by anterior displacement of the vertebral body (scottie dog decapitated)

Question 12

What is Spondylosis?

Answer 12

Intervertebral disc narrows-allowing vertebral bodies to approach one another—may result in bone spurs or degenerative changes leading to pain (e.g. pressure on the nerve root)

Question 13

What is Spinal Stenosis?

Answer 13

narrowing of vertebral foramen (vertebral canal) due to calcifications or bone deposition– may impinge upon the spinal cord

more common with aging

Question 14

What is the Lumbardization of S1?

Answer 14

S1/S2 more mobile; occurs in about 2-8% of the population

Question 15

What is Sacralization of L5?

Answer 15

L5 fuses to S1; occurs in about 3-6% of the population; L5/S1 is less mobile than usual case

Question 16

What is the origin, insertion, nerve supply, and action of the Trapezius?

Answer 16

Inserts at medial third of the superior nuchal line around the external occipital protuberence

Runs until the lateral third of the clavicle to the acromion of the spine of scapula

Spinal accesorry nerve / C3 and C4

Elevates, retracts and rotates the scapula

Question 17

What is the origin, insertion, nerve supply, and action of the Platysma?

Answer 17

Origin is the border of the mandible , connects with skin and tissues around the lower face , very thin muscles often comes up with the skin

Inserts at the fascia covering the pectoralis major and deltoid

nerve is the facial nerve

It is a facial expression muscle

Question 18

What is the origin, insertion, nerve supply, and action of the Sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 18

Lateral surface of mastoid process

Runs to the sternum/ clavicular head

Spinal accessory nerves / C2/C3

Unilateral: tilts head to same side and then rotates head contralaterally

bilaterally:
extends the neck at the atlanto-occipital joint

Question 19

What are the Suprahyoid Muscles ?

Answer 19

Mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric

Question 20

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 20

Sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid