Questions of Spain Flashcards
What are the common points between Marqués de Murrieta and Marqués de Riscal?
They both are important persons in Spanish wine history;
They were both exiled during Carlist Wars in Bordeaux and learnt winemaking techniques;
After their return to Spain both established wineries and brought winemaking techniques from Bordeaux.
Who brought Cabernet Sauvignon cutting to Spain from Bordeaux? What’s the first vintage of resulting vines?
Marqués de Riscal, 1860
Who made first oaked wine in spain? What’s the first vintage?
Marqués侯爵 de Murrieta, 1852 vintage
Who ruled as dictator 独裁者of Spain from 1936 until 1975?
Francisco Franco
When did Emile Peynaud start working for Marques de Riscal?
In 1972
Who suggest planting Sauvignon Blanc in Rueda?
Emile Peynaud
What did Emile Peynaud do when he worked for Marques de Riscal?
Identified Rueda and its grape Verdejo and created a modern style non-oxidative white wine;
He also suggested planting Sauvignon Blanc in Rueda.
Who is the consultant in 1972 for Marqués de Riscal?
Emile Peynaud
Who employed Émile Peynaud as consultant in Spain in 1972?
Marqués de Riscal
What did Miguel Torres bring to Catalonia in1960s?
Stainless steel and temperature-controlled fermentation
Who introdued stainless steel and temperature comtrolled fermentation in Spain? When was it?
Miguel Torres, in 1960s
When was the first general election大选was held since 1936 in Spain?
1977
When did Spain start its return to greater economic prosperity繁荣with more potential international business?
After the first general election in 1977
When did Spain join the EU?
In 1986
Which country has the most hectares面积of vines? How many % of the global vineyard surface?
Spain, 13%
Is Spain the world’s largest prodcuer of wine? Why?
NO; even though Spain has the largest hectares of vines, but due to lower yield, wide vineyard spacing of the old vines, and distillation of grapes for brandy, Spain is not the largest producer of wine, behind Italy and France.
Which country is the largest exporter in terms of volume?
Spain
Is Spain the largest exporter in terms of value? Why?
NO, the total value of Spain’s exports is less than a third of France’s and less than half of Italy’s, due to Spain’s larg bulk industry.
Which geographical feature seperates France and Spain?
Pyrenees Mountains
Which country/nation is nestled within the border of France and Spain?
Andorra
What’s the altitude range of Spain?
Between 36°and 44°N (within 30-50°N)
Which are the two highest average elevation countries in Europe?
1st is Switzerland, 2nd is Spain
What was legalised in 1996 that made more regions viable for viticulture?
Irrigation.
What poliltical change occurred in Spain in 1986 that brought investment into wine production (among other industries)?
Spain joined the EU
What famous winemaker studied in France, and put his learning into practice in Penedes in the 1960s?
Miguel Torres
What was the important move made in Rioja in 1926?
It was the first Spanish wine region to establish a regulatory council (Consejo Regulador)
How did phylloxera impact Spain?
It caused huge unemployement and poverty, followed by emigration. Many indigenous grape varieties were also lost.
When did phyloxera finally reach Spain?
Early 20th Century
What did the 18th C canon, Manuel QUintano y Quintano, introduce to Spain from Bordeaux?
Expertise in winemaking and cooperate, as well as some oak barriques.
What devastation to French viticulture provided the opportunity for newly modernised Rioja production to flourish?
Phylloxera
What’s Fondillón historically?
A Monastrell from Alicante, medium-sweet.
Which mountains lines the southeast of the peninsula of Spain?
Sistema Penibético
Which mountain range borders the Mesata Central to the south?
Sierra Morena
Which mountain runs perpendicular to the Sistema Central stretching from Castilla y Leon to Valencia?
Sistema Ibérico
Which mountain begin in Galicia and continues parallel to the northern coast?
Cordillera Cantábrica/ Cantabrian Mountains
Which mountains bisect Spain two parts?
Sistema Central 中央山脉
Why does Spain have the second highest average elevation in Europe?
There are many mountains ranges in the country and the large plateau - Meseta Central which has an average elevation of 660m.
Name the water surrounds Spain?
Mediterranean to the east, Atlantic Ocean to the west, Bay of Biscay to the north
Which water is to the north Spain?
Bay of Biscay
Name the 6 most important rivers through Spain from north to south?
Miño (Galicia), Ebro (Rioja, Navarra, Aragon), Duero (Castilla y Leon, Valladolid), Tagus, Guadiana, Guadalquivir.
Which two autonomous communities of Spain do not have DO wine regions?
Cantabria, and Asturias.
Name two autonomous communities of Spain involve islands?
Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, and Canary Islands of the coast of Northern Africa.
Legally, Spain is divided into ?
17 comunidades autónomas (autonomous communities)自治区 (15 in mainland, 2 on islands)
The comunidades autonomas are splited into: 50 provinces and 2 autonomous cities自治城市
What’s Leveche? What’s Levante?
Leveche: A hot drying wind from the African desert blows to south Spain
Levante: a warm but humid wind comes in Spain from the east.
What’s the warm and humid wind comes in Spain from the east?
Levante
What’s the hot drying wind from African desert called ?
Leveche
Which is the wind name from the west of Spain?
Poniente (西方)
What’s Poniente?
A cold west wind from the Atlantic in Spain
What are the main factors affecting Spain’s climate?
Elevation: second highest average elevation in Europe with many mountains ranges throughout the country.
Water: Mediterranean, Atlantic, Bay of Biscay
Wind: Poniente, Leveche, Levante
Which region in the south of Spain but has cold climate?
Andalucía, high-elevation
Which region has the highest rainfall in Spain? What’s the annual rainfall in this region?
The Green Spain: from Galicia to Basque Country, the Northern Coast.
More than 2000mm annually
What’s the annual rainfall outside of Green Spain?
Less than 500mm annually
When was the first Spanish DO awarded?
In 1932 (4years earlier than France’s)
What’s the full name of DO of Spain?
Denominaciones de Origen
Name the full names of Origin system of France, Italy, Portugal, Spain?
France: Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée
Italy: Denominazione di Origine Controllata
Portugal: Denominação de Origem Controlada
Spain: Denominaciones de Origen
What’s the confined area for VdlT wines in Spain? How many % of grapes are mandated from this given area?
From a collection of villages to a whole autonomous community;
Mini 85%.
What’s the lowest-quality tier of Spainish wine?
Vino de Mesa
What’s the requirements for VdM regulation in Spain?
1) Wines can be blended from various areas of Spain, bear no region on the label;
2) Since 2008, the wines are allowed to state both vintage and variety
Since when the VdM wines were allowed to state vintage and variety?
2008
Can VdM wines bear region on the label?
No
Can VdM wines state vintage on the label?
Yes
Can VdM wines state variety on the label?
Yes
Name the two tiers of table wine in Spain wine law?
VdM: Vino de Mesa
VdlT: Vino de la Tierra
Which regulation can produce wines similar to “Super Tuscan” in Spain?
VdlT: Vino de la Tierra
What’s the PGI level regulation in Spain?
VdlT: Vino de la Tierra
What’s the hierarchy of regulation by Spainish wine law?
VdM: Vino de Mesa = table wine
PGI: VdlT: Vino de la Tierra = table wine (PGI=Protected Geographical Indication)
PDOs=Protected Denominations of Origin：
VC/VCIG: Vino de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica
DO: Denominación de Origen
DOCa: Denominación de Origen Calificada
VP: Vino de Pago
What’s the hierarchy of PDO regulations by Spanish wine law?
VC/VCIG: Vino de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica
DO: Denominación de Origen (equivalent to France’s AOC and Italy’s DOC)
DOCa: Denominación de Origen Calificada (similar to DOCG in Italy)
VP: Vino de Pago
Which is the most basic PDO wine in Spain?
VCIG: Vino de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica
Which tier of Spanish regulation operates as a stepping stone between VdlT for DO status? Must wait how long before applying for DO status?
VCIG=Vino Calidad con Indicación Geográfica
5 years
Name one DO in Spain is designated non-contiguous appellations指定不相邻的产区命名?
Cava DO
How many DOCa are there in Spain?
Only two
Which was the first DOCa wine in Spain? When was it granted to DOCa?
The first was Rioja, granted in 1991
Which was the second DOCa in Spain? When was it granted to DOCa?
Priorat; in 2009
What’s the Catalan traslation for DOCa?
Denominació d’Origen Qualificada (DOQ)
Which is the highest level of PDO category in Spain?
Vino de Pago
When was Vino de Pago category established?
In 2003
Vino de Pago were first conceptualized in which region?
Castilla-La Mancha
What’s Vino de Pago?
It’s a designation awarded to a single estate that may exist within or ourside of a DO (but few are found within prestigious appellations).
Which is the smallest Pago in Spain? How many hectares?
Vallegarcía, 1.5ha
What’s the requirements for Vinos de Pago?
1) The estate must be estate bottled
2) Vineyard owned by the winery operating in its bounds必须在酒庄范围内经营
3) Must be in production for a mini of 10 years before applying for Pago status
Which winery withdrew退出from the Rioja DOCa? When?
Artadi, in 2015
Who published “terroir manifest风土宣言”?
Telmo Rodríguez
What’s Grandes Pagos de España? What’s the relationship with Vino de Pago?
A separate non-official consortium联盟 of Spanish wineries who co-market their wines;
NO relationship.
When did Bierzo, Rioja, Rueda creat their Vi de Vila?
Bierzo and Rioja in 2017
Rueda in 2019
Which was the first region creating Vi de Vila category? When was it created?
Priorat, in 2009
What’s “Vi de Vila”?
Designation for village and allowing wines to be labeled by village
What are the aging requirements for general DO and DOCa in Spain?
Crianza
Red: mini 2yrs total (mini 6mths in oak); Rosado&White: mini 18 (6 in oak)
Reserva
Red: mini 3yrs total(1yr in oak); Rosado&White: mini 2yrs (6 in oak)
Gran Reserva
Red: mini 5yrs total(18mths in oak); Rosado&White: 4yrs (6 in oak)
What’s the aging requirement for Rosado/White Gran Reserva wines in Spain?
Min. 4yrs (6 in oak)
What’s the aging requirement for Red Gran Reserva wines in Spain?
Min. 5yrs (18mths in oak)
What’s the aging requirement for Red Reserva wines in Spain?
Min. 3yrs total (1yr in oak)
What’s the aging requirement for Rosado/White Reserva wines in Spain?
Min. 2yrs (6mth in oak)
What’s the aging requirement for Red Crianza wines in Spain?
Mini 2yrs in total including mini 6months in oak
What’s the aging requirement for Rosato/White Crianza wines in Spain?
Mini 18mths in total, 6mths in oak
What’s the maximum capacity of the oak casks for aging Spanish wine by DO/DOCa law?
330L
What are the aging requirement for Rioja wines?
Crianza: 2yrs in total (1yr in oak)
Reserva: 3yrs in total (1yr in oak + 6month in bottle)
Gran Reserva: 5yrs in total (2yrs in oak + 2yrs in bottle)
What are the aging requirements for Ribera del Duero?
Crianza: 2yrs (1yr in oak)
Reserva: 3yrs (1yr in oak)
Gran Reserva: 5yrs (2yrs in oak)
Vino de Pago (27) list?
Dominio de Valdepusa, 2003, Castilla-La Mancha, Cab S-Merlot-PV-Syrah-Graciano
Finca Élez, 2003, Castilla-La Mancha, Chardonnay-Cab S-Merlot-Syrah-Tempranillo
Guijoso, 2005, Castilla-La Mancha, Chardonnay-SB-Cab S-Merlot-Syrah-Tempranillo
Dehesa del Carrizal, 2006, Castilla-La Mancha, Chardonnay, Cab S, Merlot, PV, Syrah, Tempranillo
Arínzano, 2007, Navarra (Tierra Estella), Chardonnay-Cab S-Merlot-Tempranillo
Prado de Irache, 2008, Navarra(Tierra Estella), Cab S-Merlot-Garnacha-Temp-Carinena-Graciano
Otazu, 2009, Navarra (Valdizarbe), Chardonnay-Cab S-Merlot-Tempranillo
Campo de la Guardia, 2009, Castilla-La Mancha, Chard-CabS-Merlot-Malbec-PV-Syrah-Tem
Florentino, 2009, Castilla-La Mancha, PV-Syrah-Tempranillo
Casa del Blanco, 2010, Castilla-La Mancha, Chard-SB-CabS-Merlot-Cab F-Malbec-PV-Temp
El Terrerazo, 2010, Valencia (Utiel-Requena), CabS-Merlot-Syrah-Garnacha-Temp-Bobal
Calzadilla, 2011, Castilla-La Mancha, CabS-Syrah-Garnacha-Tempranillo
Los Balagueses, 2011, Valencia(Utiel-Requena), Chardonnay-SB-Merlot-Syrah-Garnacha-Temp
Aylés, 2011, Aragón (Cariñena), CabS-Merlot-Garnacha-Temp
Vallegarcía, 2019, Castilla-La Mancha, Viognier-CabS-Merlot-CabF-PV-Syrah
La Jaraba, 2019, Castilla-La Mancha, CabS-Merlot-Temp-Graciano
Los Cerrillos, 2019, Castilla-La Mancha, Temp-Syrah-CabS
Vera de Estenas, 2019, Valencia (Utiel-Requena), Chard-CabS-Merlot-Temp-Bobal
El Vicario, 2019, Castilla-La Mancha, Chard-SB-CabS-Merlot-PV-Syrah-Garnacha-Temp-Graciano
Chozas Carrascal, 2020, Valencia (Utiel-Requena), Bobal-Monastrell-Garnacha-Temp-CabS-CabF-Syrah-Merlot-Chard-SB-Macabeo
Urueña, 2021, Castilla y Leon
Dehesa Peñalba, 2022, Castilla y Leon
Bolandin, 2022, Navarra (Ribera Baja)
Abadía-Retuerta, 2022, Castilla y Leon
Rosalejo, 2024, Castilla-La Mancha, Garnacha-Syrah-Temp
Urbezo, 2024, Aragón
Rio Negro, 2025, Castilla-La Mancha
Where is Abadía-Retuerta?
2022, Castilla y Leon
Where is Bolandin?
2022, Navarra (Ribera Baja)
Where is Dehesa Peñalba?
2022, Castilla y Leon
Where is Urueña?
2021, Castilla y Leon
Where is Rio Negro VP?
In Castilla-La Mancha, in 2025
Where is Urbezo?
2024, Aragón
Name the two Pagos in Castilla-La Mancha?
Dominio de Valdepusa (2003)
Finca Élez (2003)
Guijoso (2005)
Dehesa del Carrizal (2006)
Campo de la Guardia (2009)
Florentino (2009)
Casa del Blanco (2010)
Calzadilla (2011)
Vallegarcía (2019)
La Jaraba (2019)
Los Cerrillos (2019)
El Vicario (2019)
Rosalejo (2024)
Rio Negro, 2025
Name the the lastest Pago?
Rosalejo in Castilla La Mancha, 2024
Urbezo, 2024, Aragón
Rio Negro 2025
Name the Pagos in Navarra?
Arinzano (2007)
Prado de Irache (2008)
Otazu (2009)
Bolandin, 2022, Navarra (Ribera Baja)
Name the Pago in Valencia?
El Terrerazo (2010)
Los Balagueses (2011)
Vera de Estenas (2019)
Chozas Carrascal (2020)
Name the Pago in Aragon?
Ayles 2011
Urbezo, 2024, Aragón
Where is Dominio de Valdepusa? Grape varieties?
In Castilla-La Mancha, CabS Bordeaux grapes and Syrah, Graciano
Which is the first Pago?
Dominio de Valdepusa, in 2003, in Castilla-La Mancha
Finca Elez, in 2003, Castilla-La Mancha
Where is Finca Elez?
Castilla-La Mancha
Where is Guijoso?
Castilla-La Mancha
Where is Dehesa del Carrizal?
Castilla-La Mancha
Where is Arinzano?
Navarra
Where is Prado de Irache?
Navarra
Where is Otazu?
Navarra
Where is Campo de la Guardia?
Castilla-La Mancha
Where is Florentino?
Castilla-La Mancha
Where is Casa del Blanco?
Castilla-La Mancha
Where is El Terrerazo?
Valencia
Where is Calzadilla?
Castilla-La Mancha
Where is Los Balagueses?
Valencia
Where is Aylés?
Aragon
Where is Vallegarcía?
Castilla-La Mancha
Where is La Jaraba?
Castilla-La Mancha
Where is Los Cerrillos?
Castilla-La Mancha
Where is Vera de Estenas?
Valencia
Where is El Vicario?
Castilla-La Mancha
Where is Chozas Carrascal?
Valencia
Where is Rosalejo?
Castilla-La Mancha
What does “Joven” mean in Spain?
“young” wine with minimal to no oak influence
What does “Noble” mean in Spain?
Mini 18months total in oak or in bottle
What does Añejo mean in Spain?
Mini 2yrs total in oak or in bottle
What does Viejo mean in Spain?
Mini 3yrs in oak and demonstrates marked oxidative character
Where is the origin of Airén?
Cuenca in Castilla-La Mancha
Which type of wine is widedly Airén made into?
Brandy
Which is the second most planed white grape globally?
Airén
Why is Albarino succeed in the damp climate of Rias Baixas?
Its thicker skins make it less prone to botrytis.
How old is the oldest vines of Albarino in Rias Baixas?
300 years
Which soil type is good for Albarino?
Granite
Which region is located in south of Galicia?
Minho
Which is the most noted region for Godello?
Valdeorras
What’s the synonym of Macabeo in Rioja and Catalonia?
Rioja: Viura; Catalonia: Macabeu(for Cava blend)
Where is Palomino Fino native to?
Andalucía
What’s Palomino Fino called in Canary Islands?
Listán Blanco
Except Jerez, which regions produce Palomino? What are the styles?
Andalucía (south): unfortified styles with or without flor
Canary Islands: white table wines of higher quality
Which grape variety is appreciated as a softening agent in Cava blending?
Parellada (moderate acidity, apple flavors and delicate floral aromas).
Which region is Parellada most planted?
Catalonia
Where is Parellada native to?
Aragon
What’s the origin of Verdejo’s name?
verde绿色，referencing its green hue
Where is Bobal native to?
Utiel-Requena in Valencia
Where is Bobal native to and produces the best example?
Valencia
What does Samsó refer to?
Cariñena, or Carignan
What does Crujillón refer to?
Cariñena, or Carignan
What are the synonyms of Cariñena in Spain?
Carinyena, Mazuelo, Mazuela, Crujillón, and Samsó
What’s the synonym of Cariñena in France?
Carignan
What’s the synonym of Grenache in Spain and Italy?
Spain: Garnacha, Carnatxa in Catalan;
Italy: Cannonau
What’s Garnacha Rioja?
Grenache Gris, pink-skinned variant of Grenache
What’s the synonym of Alicante Bouschet?
Garnacha Tintorera
Where, when and by whom was Garnacha Tintorera/Alicante Bouschet crossed?
It was crossed by Henri Bouschet, at Domaine de la Calmette, between 1855 and 1865
What are the parent grape varieties of Alicante Bouschet?
It is a cross of Petit Bouschet and Grenache.
Is Listán Negro the same grape variety as Listán Prieto?
NO
Is Listán Negro a mutation of Listán Blanco?
NO (no relation)
What are the synonyms of Listán Prieto?
País, Mission, and Criolla Chica
Where is Listán Negro native to?
Canary Islands
What’s the synonym of Mencía?
Jaen
What does Jaen哈恩refer to?
Mencía
Name two premium Mencia of Alvaro Palacios? In Which DO?
Las Lamas, Moncerbal;
Bierzo
Who made Pombeiras? Un which DO?
Guímaro Finca; Ribeira Sacra
Name three wines made from century-old vineyards of Mencia grape?
Las Lamas and Moncerbal from Alvaro Palacios in Bierzo
Pombeiras from Guimaro Finca in Ribeira Sacra
Where is Monastrell indigenous to?
Valencia (the town Sagunto)
What’s the Catalan name for Monastrell?
Morvedre
What’s the grape of Fondillón?
Monastrell
What’s Fondillón?
Fondillón is a special style of wine produced in the Alicante D.O. in Spain.[1] Fondillón is a red wine produced in an oxidised (rancio) style from overripe Monastrell grapes, and is typically semi-sweet. Its alcohol level is similar to many fortified wines, although Fondillón is not fortified.
Is Fondillón a fortified wine?
No
Which red grape is third most planted globally following Cab S and Merlot?
Tempranillo
What’s the mutation variety of Tempranillo?
Tempranillo Blanco
What does Tempranillo mean ?
Little early one: refer to its small berry size and its early budding and ripening.
Where is Syrah most planted in Spain?
In Castilla-La Mancha
What’s the synonym of Tempranillo in Valdepeñas?
Cencibel
What’s the synonym of Tempranillo in Ribera del Duero?
Tinto del País or Tinto Fino
What’s the synonym of Tempranillo in Toro?
Tinta de Toro
Name the 2 synonyms of Tempranillo in Portugal?
Tinto Roriz/ Aragonez
Name the synonym of Tempranillo in Catalonia?
Ull de Llebre
Name 6 Synonyms of Tempranillo ?
Cencibel (Valdepeñas)
Tinto del País (Ribera del Duero)
Tinta de Toro (Toro)
Tinto Fino (Ribera del Duero)
Tinto Roriz/Aragonez (Portugal)
Ull de Llebre (Catalonia)
Which grape varieties is an important grape for rosado wine in Spain?
Garnacha
What is Rosado wine called in Cigales, Navarra, Valdepeñas?
aloques
What does “aloques” mean?
Rosado wine
What percentage of the world’s rosé wine comes from Spain?
25%
What’s Spanish traditional style Rosato?
Aged for long periods in American oak and higher in alcohol and deeper color;
usually blend both red and white varieties and implement a period of skin maceration.
Which river seperates Galicia and Minho?
Minho River
What’s “estate” called in Rias Baixas?
Pazo
Name the first commercial winery in Rias Baixas? When was it established?
Palacio de Fefiñanes, in 1904
When did Rias Baixas become a DO? What was the initial name?
In 1988; Albariño DO
What is granite soil called in Rias Baixas?
Xabre (x读s)
What’s xabre?
Local name for Granite soil in Rias Baixas
Name the 5 subzones of Rias Baixas?
Ribeira do Ulla, Val do Salnés, Soutomaior, O Rosal, Condado do Tea
Which subregion of Rias Baixas is the southernmost?
O Rosal
Which subregion of Rias Baixas is the northernmost?
Ribeira do Ulla
Which is the most historic subregion of Rias Baixas?
Val do Salnés
Which is the largest subregion of Rias Baixas?
Val do Salnés
Which subregion of Rias Baixas contains more than half of the region’s planted hectarage?
Val do Salnés
Which is the coldest and wettest subregion of Rias Baixas?
Val do Salnés
Which subregion of Rias Baixas is on the Atlantic coast?
Val do Salnés
Which subregion of Rias Baixas is between Val do Salnés and Santiago de Compostela?
Ribeira do Ulla
Which river is through Ribeira do Ulla?
Ulla river
Where is Ribeira do Ulla?
A subregion of Rias Baixas
Where is Val do Salnés？
A subregion of Rias Baixas
Which is the youngest subzone of Rias Baixas?
Ribeira do Ulla
Which subzone of Rias Baixas is the smallest in production and size?
Soutomaior
Where is Soutomaior?
A subregion of Rias Baixas
Which two subzones of Rias Baixas are bordered Portugal?
O Rosal and Condado do Tea
Which two subzones of Rias Baixas reach the Atlantic Ocean ?
Val do Salnés and O Rosal
Which subregion produces the most red wine in Rias Baixas?
Condado do Tea
Where is O Rosal?
A subregion of Rias Baixas
What’s the wine style of O Rosal?
Broader, richer style of Albarino
Which is the warmest and driest subregion of Rias Baixas?
Condado do Tea
What’s the training system in Rias Baixas?
Parral or Pergola
What is Pergola called in Rias Baixas?
Parral
What’s the average vineyard size in Rias Baixas?
Small plots: 0.6ha split into 4 parcels
What’s the % of Albariño’s total plantings in Rias Baixas?Which other white grapes are also planted in Rias Baixas?
96% of Albarino;
Other grapes: Loureira, Treixadura, Caíño Blanco, Torrontés, and Godello
If want to be varietally labeled, what’s the % of Albarino must be composed for Rias Baixas wine?
100%
What are the grape varieties for red wine in Rías Baixas?
Any combination of Caíño Tinto, Espadeiro(red), Loureira Tinta, Sousón(red), Mencía, and Brancellao (red).
To label the subzone of Condado do Tea, what’s the requirement ?
Min. 70% Albariño and Treixadura
To label the subzone of Condado do Tea, what’s the requirement ?
Min. 70% Albariño and Treixadura
To label the subzone of O Rosal, what’s the requirement ?
Min. 70% Albariño and Loureira
To label the subzone of Val do Salnés or Ribeira do Ulla, what’s the requirement ?
Must be composed of at min. 70% Albariño, Loureira, Treixadura, and Caíño Blanco.
Which subregion of Rias Baixas can not be labeled subzone?
Soutomaior
What’s the climate of Rias Baixas?
Maritime
What’s the average temperature in Rias Baixas?
The coolest Val do Salnés 12.7C°
The warmest Condado do Tea 15C°
What’s the average annual rainfall in Rias Baixas?
1918mm
DOs in Calicia?
five DOs: Rías Baixas, Ribeiro, Valdeorras, Ribeira Sacra, and Monterrei.
In which region is Ribadavia located?
Ribeiro
Where do the rivers Miño and Avia converge?
The town of Ribadavia
Which subregion of Rias Baixas borders Ribeiro region?
Condado do Tea
Name the three rivers in Ribeiro?
Miño, Avia, and Arnoia.
What’s the min. must weight and RS of Vino Tostado in Ribeiro DO?How long must the drying process for grapes last ?
Must weight: 350g/l
RS: 120g/l
At least 3months.
What’s the Requirements for Vino Espumoso in Ribeiro DO?
1) Wines may Brut or Brut Nature (max 3g/l dosage).
2) No minimum time on lees.
3) Wine may only be produced with recommended varieties: Garnacha Tintorera, Tempranillo, *Palomino and Albillo are not permitted
4) Traditional method.
What’s Vino Tostado?
dried grape wine
What’s the meaning of “Barrica”?
Aging in wooden barrels (the period and barrels size depends on regions and styles of wine).
Which is the most important grape in Ribeiro?
Treixadura (semi-aromatic)
Which type of wine is mainly produced in Ribeiro ? how many % of this type?
White wine; 90%
?? Name the two major rivers of Ribeira Sacra?
Sil and Miño
?? What’s the meaning of the name of Ribeira Sacra?
Sacred riverbanks神圣的河岸
?? Name 4 regions in the world planting vines on the very steep descending hillsides?
Ribeira Sacra, Mosel, Douro, Northern Rhone
?? Name 3 key producers in Ribeira Sacra?
Guímaro, Algueira, and Dominio do Bibei
?? Name 5 subzones of Ribeira Sacra?
Chantada, Ribeiras do Miño, Ribeiras do Sil, Amandi, Quiroga-Bibei
?? Which subzones of Ribeira Sacra are on the bank of Miño River?
Chantada (west/right bank), Ribeiras do Miño (east bank)
Which subzone of Ribeira Sacra is on the west/right bank of Mino River?
Chantada
Where is Amandi located?
Nothern bank of Sil River in Ribeira Sacra
Which subzone of Ribeira Sacra is on the southern/left bank of Sil River?
Ribeiras do Sil
Which subzone of Ribeira Sacra is the most historic?
Amandi
Which subzone of Ribeira Sacra sits the appellation’s center?
Amandi
Which subzone of Ribeira Sacra produces the highest quality wine? Why?
Amandi, it sits on the steep northern slopes of the Sil river.
Which subzone of Ribeira Sacra is opposite Ribeiras do Miño?
Chantada
Which subzone of Ribeira Sacra is carved in half by Sil river?
Quiroga-Bibei
What’s the soil types along Sil?
Upper Sil more slate, lower is granite
What’s the microclimate in Sil Valley?
Drier and slightly cooler than Miño
Which subzone occupies Ribeira Sacra’s eastern sector?
Quiroga-Bibei
Which is the most important grape variety in Ribeira Sacra? How many % of total vineyards?
Mencia; 90%
Which region’s mencia is lighter in body and crunchier but same complex between Bierzo and Ribeira Sacra?
Ribeira Sacra
What’s the local name for Bastardo in Ribeira Sacra?
Merenzao
What’s the synonym of Sousón in Portugal?
Vinhão
What’s the synonym of Vinhão in Spain?
Sousón
What’s the synonym of Brancellao in Portugal?
Alvarelhão
What’s the synonym of Alvarelhão in Spain?
Brancellao
Name other red grape varieties produced in Ribeira Sacra, apart from Mencia?
Merenzao (very floral), Brancellao (elegant), Sousón (pigmented and tannic), Caiño Tinto
What does “Summum” mean?
It identifies the use of at least 85% principal grapes for both whites and reds.
Name three great white grapes in Galicia?
Albarino, Godello, Treixadura
What are the principal white grape varieties of Ribeira Sacra DO ?
Godello, Loureira, Treixadura, Dona Branca, Albariño, Torrontés, Branco lexítimo, and Caíño Blanco.
What are the principal red grape varieties of Ribeira Sacra DO?
Mencía (min 70%), Merenzao, Brancellao, Sousón, Caiño Tinto.
Which styles of wine are produced in Ribeira Sacra DO?
Blanco, Tinto, Rosado, Súmmum, Blanco Barrica & Garda, Tinto Barrica & Garda
What’s the min. % of Mencia in the blend of Ribeira Sacra Tinto ?
Min 70% of Mencia.
?? What’s Vino Tostado?
“toasted wine/roasted wine”, a historic style in Spain, similar to Italian Vin Santo.
White or red grapes are dried to mini. Must weight of 350g/l, then fermented and aged in oak or cherry casks for min. 6months, followed by a min. 3 in bottle.
Where is Valdeorras?
In Galicia
Which is the easternmost appellation in Galicia?
Valdeorras
Which region bridges Ribeira Sacra with Castilla y Leon’s Bierzo?
Valdeorras
What’s the most praised wine of Valdeorras region?
White wines made from Godello
What’s the major soil in Valdeorras?
Slate
In Spain, which region export slate as roof tiles屋顶瓦片?
Valdeorras
What’s the climate of Valdeorras?
More continental, less humid, drier and hotter in summer
Which is region has more continental climate in Galicia?
Valdeorras
Which river flows through Valdeorras?
Sil River
What’s the meaning of the name Valdeorras?
Valley of gold
Which region produces Galicia’s finest white apart from Rias Baixas? From which grape? Flavor profile?
Valdeorras; Godello; mineral and concentrated
What’s the name for Doña Blanca in Galicia?
Dona Branca
What’s the mini % of Godello can be varietally labeled in Valdeorras?
100%
What’s the mini % of Mencia can be varietally labeled in Valdeorras?
85%
What’s the meaning of “Castes Nobles” ?
Spanish for “Noble Vines”): This term likely indicates that the wine is made from grapes considered to be of high quality and potentially even noble varieties, such as Godello.
Which types of wine are permitted in Valdeorras?
1) Blanco, Rosado, Tinto, Espumoso/Sparkling, Tostado;
2) Varietal Godello (100% variety) and Mencía (min. 85% variety)
3) Valdeorras “Castes Nobles” (Blanco and Tinto): Min. 85% preferred varieties
4) Barrica, Crianza, Reserva, Gran Reserva: white or red wines
Which are the main red grapes in Monterrei?
Mencia and Bastardo= Merenzao
Which are the main white grapes in Monterrei?
Albarino, Godello, Treixadura
Which types of wine are made in Monterrei DO?
White and red only
What’s the climate in Monterrei?
Hot and dry in summer, cold winter (both Atlantic and continental influences)
Which river runs through Monterrei?
Támega
What is Douro River called in Spain?
Duero
Where is Monterrei?
South of Ribeira Sacra in Galicia
Which regions in Spain border the north of Portugal?
Rias Baixas, Monterrei
Why are O Rosal’s wines lower in acidity and riper?
Because it’s close to the rivers, warmer microclimate.
What’s bush vine called in Spain?
En vaso (bush vine)
What’s espalier called in Spain?
Espaldera
Name the VCIG in Asturias?
Cangas
Where is Cangas VCIG?
In Asturias, borders Galicia and Castilla y Leon.
Name the two VdlT in Cantabria?
Costa de Cantabria VdlT and Liébana VdlT.
?? Where is Basque Country?
Western Pyrenees and Iberia’s northern Atlantic Coast
Name two Michelin-heavy destinations in Pais Vasco?
San Sebastián (Donostia) and Bilbao
What’s pintxos?
skewered[ˈskju:əd]用杆子串住的Basque snacks similar to tapas
What’s Ojo de Gallo?
Rosado wine
What’s the name for Basque Country in Basque?
Euskadi
What’s the Spanish name for Basque Country?
País Vasco
Which types of wine are produced in Pais Vasco’s DOs?
*Blanco
*Blanco “Fermentado en Barrica”: fermented in barrels no larger than 350 liters
*Rosado: min. 50% Ondarribi Beltza
*Tinto
*Vendimia Tardía
*Vino Espumoso
What’s the requirement of Rosado wines of Pais Vasco’s DOs?
Min. 50% Ondarribi Beltza
What’s the requirement for “Fermentado en Barrica” Blanco of Pais Vasco’s DOs?
Fermented in barrels no larger than 350liters.
What’s the main white grape variety in Pais Vasco?
Hondarrabi Zuri (Ondarrabi Zuri)
What are the authorized white grape varieties in Pais Vasco?
Ondarrabi Zuri Zerratia (Petit Courbu), Izkiriota (Gros Manseng), Izkiriota Ttippia (Petit Manseng), Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Chardonnay.
What’s the local name for Petit Manseng in Pais Vasco?
Izkiriota Ttippia
What’s the local name for Petit Courbu in Pais Vasco?
Ondarrabi Zuri Zerratia
What’s the local name for Gros Manseng in Pais Vasco?
Izkiriota
What’s the main red grape variety in Pais Vasco?
Hondarrabi Beltza (Ondarrabi Beltza)
Are there any relation between Hondarrabi Zuri and Hondarrabi Beltza? Which is white grape?
No, Zuri is white
What’s Chacoli/Txakoli?
Txakoli or Chacolí is traditionally a fresh, dry, high in acidity, low alcohol, sometimes spritzy(slightly sparkling) white wine produced in Basque Country.
What’s the style of Hondarrabi Beltza red wine?
Fresh, light-bodied reds.
Is there Rosado Txakoli ?
Yes, but it’s in shadow of the whites.
Name the 3 Txakoli DOs?
Txakoli de Bizkaia (Bizkaiko Txakolina)
Txakoli de Getaria (Getariako Txakolina)
Txakoli de Álava (Arabako Txakolina)
Which two DO of Txakoli are on the coast of Bay of Biscay?
Bizkaia and Getaria
Which is the newest and smallest appellation of Txakoli? When was it established?
Txakoli de Álava (Arabako Txakolina) in 2001
Which Txakoli DO concentrates more leading producers?
Txakoli de Bizkaia
Which Txakoli DO around Bilbao?
Txakoli de Bizkaia (Bizkaiko Txakolina)
Which is the first and most traditional Txakoli DO?
Txakoli de Getaria
Name the 9 DO’s of Castilla y León?
Bierzo DO, Leon DO, Arlanza DO, Arribes DO, Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO, Toro DO, Rueda DO, Cigales DO, Ribera del Duero DO
Name the 4 VCIG’s of Castilla y Leon?
Valles de Benavente VCIG, Valtiendas VCIG, Sierra de Salamanca VCIG, Cebreros VCIG
What’s the climate of Castilla y Leon?
Continental (scorching 灼热summers with frigid winters),
What’s the challenges in Castilla y Leon?
Frost can be a challenge at both the beginning of the growing season and harvest, can be drought in summer.
Most regions of Castilla y Leon are concentrated along which river?
Duero River
Which mountains seperate Castilla y Leon and Castilla La Mancha?
Sistema Central
Which region sits on the lower plateau of Meseta?
Castilla-La Mancha
Which region ocuppies the upper portion of the Meseta Plateau?
Castilla y León
What’s the elevations in Castilla y Leon?
700-1000m
Which region in Castilla y Leon borders Galicia and resembles the wines of Galicia?
Bierzo
Where is Bierzo?
Northwestern corner of Castilla y Leon
Which is the northwest most region in Castilla y Leon?
Bierzo
The establishement of Bierzo DO was largely due to whose efforts?
José Luis Prada
What’s the winery’s name of José Luis Prada?
Prada a Tope
Who was the early leader of Bierzo DO for the new quality wave?
José Luis Prada
Who is the acclaimed winemaker based in Bierzo?
Raúl Pérez
Who lent winery space to Alvaro Palacios in Bierzo?
Raul Perez
What’s the winery’s name of Alavaro Palacios in Bierzo?
Descendientes后裔de José Palacios
Which river runs through Bierzo?
Sil River
What’s the soil in Bajo Bierzo?
Clay-alluvial soils
What’s the soil type in Alto Bierzo?
Quartz and slate
Name the two unofficial zones of Bierzo?
Bajo Bierzo (at the base) and Alto Bierzo (mountainside plantings)
What’s the elevation of Bierzo?
450-800m
When did Bierzo announce its own village wine category?
In 2017
What’s the Bierzo’s vineyard quality pyramid?
From lowest to highest:
Vino de Villa (village wine)
Vino de Paraje (地方=lieux-dits)
Vino de Viña Clasificada (classified cru, has been Paraje for min 5years)
Gran Vino de Viña Clasificada (Grand Cru, has been Vina Clasificada for min 5years)
?? What’s Vino de Paraje?
It’s like Burgundy’s lieux-dits, refer to specific parcels
?? What’s Vino de Viña Clasificada?
It’s a classified cru wine
What are the white grapes permitted for Bierzo DO?
Blanco: Doña Blanca, Godello, Malvasía Riojana, Palomino
What are the red grape varieties for Bierzo DO?
Tinto: Mencía, Garnacha Tintorera, Estaladiña, and/or Merenzao.
What’s the min. % of Mencia grape in
Rosado wine of Bierzo DO?
Min 50%
?? What’s the most important grape in Bierzo? How many % of total planting?
Mencia, 3/4 of Bierzo’s planted area
?? Where is Rueda?
West to Ribera del Duero along the river Duero, in Castilla y Leon
?? Which types of wine are produced in Rueda?
Blanco, Rosado, Tinto, Espumoso(Blanco and Rosado),
Vino de Licor (fortified)-Rueda Pálido and Dorado
?? What are the principal grape varieties of Rueda?
White: Verdejo, Sauvignon Blanc
Red: Tempranillo
?? What’s the grape varieties for Rueda white?
Mini 50% Verdejo and/or Sauvignon Blanc
?? What’s the winemaking method of Rueda’s espumoso?
Must be traditional method
?? How long should Rueda’s espumoso aged on lees?
Mini 9months
36 months for “Gran Añada”
What’s dorado wine in Rueda?
Fortified and somtimes flor-affected rancios aged in a solera system or demijohns
What are the grape varieties for Rueda Pálido and Dorado?
100% Combined Palamino Fino and/or Verdejo
What’s the meaning of Dorado?
Golden
What’s the aging requirements for Rueda Dorado?
min. 4 years, including at least 2 years in oak
What’s the aging requirement for Rueda Pálido?
biologically aged for a minimum of 3 years in oak
What’s the meaning of Pálido?
Pale
What’s the elevation of Rueda?
600-700m
Which river runs through Rueda?
Duero (north of the region)
What’s the soil type in Rueda?
High portion of limestone and gravel.
What’s the climate in Rueda?
Extreme continental
What are the authorized white grape varieties in Rueda?
Palomino, Viura, Chardonnay, Viognier
What are the authorized red grape varieties in Rueda?
Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Garnacha
What’s Pálido?
A heritage style of biologically aged and fortified Rueda wine (mini 3years aging in oak)
Which types of wine is most successful in Rueda?
White
What are the grape varieties for white and red wines of Rueda?
White: min 50% Verdejo or Sauvignon Blanc, can be blended with Palomino, Viura, Chardonnay, and Viognier.
Red: Tempranillo, alongside Cabernet S, Merlot, Syrah and Garnacha.
What’s Vino de Pueblo?
A new village wine classification, where 80% of grapes must be harvested for 70 permitted municipalities[mju(ː)ˌnɪsɪˈpælɪtiz]
What’s the requirements for Gran Vino de Rueda?
Must come from vines at least 30 years old with stricter yields
When was the category of Vino de Pueblo(镇) created?
2019
When was the category of Gran Vino de Rueda created?
In 2019
Which two additional categories of Rueda were created in 2019?
1) Gran Vino de Rueda
2) Vino de Pueblo
Who was the first to recognize the potential of Ribera del Duero?
Don Eloy Lecanda y Chaves
When was Vega Sicilia founded?
In 1864
Who founded Vega Sicilia?
Don Eloy Lecanda y Chaves
Who made Vega Sicilia successful?
Cellar master Domingo Garramiola Txomin
Who conceived/created the flagship Único of Vega Sicilia?
Domingo Garramiola Txomin
When was Pingus established?
In 1995
Who is the founder of Pingus?
Peter Sisseck
When was Ribera del Duero granted DO status?
1982
What is Tinto Pesquera famous for?
Helped return focus to Tempranillo in Ribera del Duero, and produced acclaimed monovarietal wines
When was Tinto Pesquera founded?
In 1972
Who founded Tinto Pesquera?
Alejandro Fernández
Where is Tinto Pesquera produced?
In Ribera del Duero
Name the four provinces in Ribera del Duero?
Soria, Segovia, Burgos, Valladolid (from east to west)
Which is the western most province in Ribera del Duero?
Valladolid
Which is the eastern most province in Ribera del Duero?
Soria
What’s the soil type in Ribera del Duero?
Western portion: Clay (flatter);
Rest of the region: Sandy or silty-sandy earth.
How does the elevation of Ribera del Duero affect the wine style?
High elevation average 800-850m, amplifies放大the region’s diurnal swing, allowing grapes to keep freshness and acidity.
How does the elevation of Ribera del Duero affect the wine style?
High elevation average 800-850m, amplifies放大the region’s diurnal swing, allowing grapes to keep freshness and acidity.
What’s the elevation in Ribera del Duero?
700-1000m, average is 800-850m, high elevation
What’s the training system in Ribera del Duero?
Bush vines, trellising
Which is the most important grape variety in Ribera del Duero?
Tempranillo=Tinto Fino/Tinta del País (covers 95% of total vineyards).
What are the two local names for Tempranillo in Ribera del Duero?
Tinto Fino/ Tinta del País
Since when has the white wine been permitted to name Ribera del Ruero?
Since 2019
Which grapes are authorized for red wine in Ribera del Duero apart from Tempranillo?
Garnacha, Cab S, Merlot, Malbec, Albillo Mayor(white)
What’s the % of Tinto Fino/Tinta del Pais required in the red wine of Ribera del Duero?
Min 75%
Which is the sole white grape permitted in Ribera del Duero? How many % is required for white wine?
Albillo Mayor, mini 75%
Which types of wine can be produced in Ribera del Duero DOCa?
Blanco, Rosado/Clarete, Tinto
How many % of white grape can be blended in red wine of Ribera del Duero?
Max. 5%
What’s the wine style of Ribera del Duero compare to Rioja? Why?
Darker fruit and more tannic;
Not only because of the land and the complementary Bordeaux varieties but also from the specific biotypes of Tinto Fino.
What’s the maximum capacity of oak cask for aging Ribera del Duero wines?
330L
What’s the aging requirement for Ribera del Duero’s Gran Reserva?
Red：5yrs total (min 2yrs in oak)
White/Rosado: 4yrs total (6mths in oak)
What’s the aging requirement for Ribera del Duero’s Reserva?
Red: min 3yrs total (1yr in oak)
White/Rosado: min 2yrs total (6months in oak)
What’s the aging requirement for Ribera del Duero’s Crianza?
Red: min 2yrs total (min 1yr in oak)
White/Rosado: min 18mths total (6mth in oak)
Aging requirements for Ribera del Duero?
Crianza
Red: mini 2yrs total (min 1yr in oak); White/Rosado: min 18mths total (6mth in oak)
Reserva
Red: min 3yrs total (min 1yr in oak); White/Rosado: min 2yrs total (6mths in oak)
Gran Reserva
Red: min 5yrs total (min 2yrs in oak); White/Rosado: min 4yrs total (6mths in oak)
What’s the aging requirement if labeled Roble or Barrica in Ribera del Duero?
Min. 3 months in oak (max. 600 liter capacity)
Where is Arlanza?
A DO just north of Ribera del Duero
Which river passes Arlanza DO?
Arlanza River
What’s the climate of Arlanza?
Extreme Continental
What styles of wine can be made in Arlanza DO? Grapes?
Blanco: Albillo Mayor, Viura/Macabeo
Rosado/Tinto: Min. 50% Tinta del Pais, can be blended with Garnacha, Mencía, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Petit Verdot.
In which DO of Castilla y Leon can Chateauneuf-du-Pape’s galets roules similar soil be found?
Cigales DO
What are the recommened grape varieties for Rosado/Tinto of Cigales? %?
Tinta del País (Tempranillo), Garnacha Tinta, Garnacha Gris;
Min. 50% recommended red grapes
What’s the recommened grape variety for white wine of Cigales? %?
Verdejo; min. 50%
Which types of wine are produced in Cigales?
Blanco, Rosado/Clarete, Tinto, Dulce, Espumoso
What’s the soils in Cigales?
Limestone soils with large rounded stones (similar to the galets roulés in Chateauneuf-du-Pape)
What’s the elevation in Cigales?
700-800m
Which type of wine is important in Cigales?
Rosado
Where is Cigales?
Northwest of Ribera del Duero, in Castilla y Leon
What are the recommended red grape varieties in Arlanza? What’s the % required?
Tinta del Pais/ Tempranillo; 50%-100%
What are the white grape varieties in Arlanza?
Arbillo Mayor, Viura
Which types of wine are produced in Arlanza?
Blanco, Rosado, Tinto
Where is León DO?
Between Bierzo and Cigales, in Castilla y Leon
What was the former name of León DO? when was it changed the name?
Tierra de León, 2019
Which is the most important grape variety in León DO? how many % of the total vineyards?
Prieto Picudo (red); 70%
Which types of wine can be produced in Leon DO?
Blanco, Rosado, Tinto,
Vinos Semidulces (Blanco/Rosa/Tinto)
Vinos Dulces(Blanco/Rosa/Tinto)
What are the recommended grapes in Leon DO?
Blanco: Verdejo, Albarín Blanco, and Godello
Tinto: Prieto Picudo, Mencía, and Negro Saurí
What’s the RS of Semidulce and Dulce wine in Leon DO?
Semidulce: 18-45 g/L
Dulce: 45+ g/L
Where is Toro?
Just west to Rueda
Where is Pintia produced?
In Toro
Who is the producer of Pintia?
Vega Sicilia
What’s the elevation in Toro?
620-840m
What’s the cliamte in Toro?
Continental
Continental
What’s the training system of Toro?
Bush-vines because of drought conditions
What’s the synonym of Tempranillo in Toro?
Tinta de Toro
Which types of wine are produced in Toro?
Blanco, Rosado, Tinto, Traditional Sparkling wine (blanco, Rosado, Tinto)
Which are the red grapes for Toro? %?
Mini. 75% Tinta de Toro, or min. 85% Garnacha
Which region’s red wine has moniker “bull’s blood公牛血”? Why?
Toro (bull);
it has very concentrated flavor and high alcohol compare to Rioja and Ribera del Duero
What are the white grape varieties of Toro?
Verdejo, Malvasia “Castellana”, Albillo Real, Muscat a Petits Grains
What’s the aging requirement for Toro sparkling wine?
Min. 9months on lees.
What are the aging requirement for Toro wines?
Crianza, Reserva, Gran Reserva, same as the standards of Spain in general but for Tinto only.
Where is Tierra del Vino de Zamora?
South and west of Toro in Castilla y Leon (L shaped around Toro)
What’s the most planted grape variety in Tierra del Vino de Zamora?
Tempranillo
Where is Arribes?
Along the northeastern Portuguese border in Castilla y Leon
What’s the most important grape in Arribes DO?
Bruñal and Juan García.
What’s the main grape variety for white in Arribes DO?
Min. 60% Malvasía Castellana
? When was Rioja Consejo Regulador established?
In 1925
Which was the first consejo regulador监管委员会in Spain?
Rioja Consejo regulador
What’s mallas?
Wire cages
Why was wire cages/mallas applicated for Rioja Bottles?
To prevent fraud防止造假 guarantee authenticity
When was Rioja affected by phylloxera?
In 1899
Who advocated for use of new French oak in Rioja?
Emile Peynaud
Who created Cosme Palacio y Hermanos Reserva Especial?
Michel Rolland
When did Michel Rolland start consultant in Rioja? Who hired him?
1987; Bodegas Palacio
Which winery hired Emile Peynaud in Rioja?
Marqués de Cáceres
Which was Spain’s first DOCa? When was it granted?
Rioja, in 1991
Which Mountain range barricades Rioja from Atlantic winds?
Sierra de Cantabria
Which four autonomous communities does Rioja traverse?
La Rioja, Basque Country, Navarra, Castilla y Leon
?? What’s the climate in Rioja?
East is Mediterranean, west is Altlantic maritime
Which river splits Rioja region?
Ebro River
Name the three subzones of Rioja?
Rioja Alta, Rioja Alavesa, Rioja Baja/Rioja Oriental
Which is the western most subzone of Rioja?
Rioja Alta
Which is the eastern most subzone of Rioja?
Rioja Baja/Oriental
Which are the two production hubs in Rioja Alta?
Haro and Logroño
Where is Najerilla Valley?
Rioja Alta
What’s the major soil in Najerilla Valley?
Iron-rich clay
What’s the major soil in Oja Valley?
Chalky
Which rivers are in Rioja Alta?
Oja and Najerilla
Name four wineries located in Rioja Alta?
López de Heredia, Muga, CVNE, and La Rioja Alta S.A.
Where is CVNE located?
Rioja Alta
Where is Muga located?
Rioja Alta
Where is Lopez de Heredia located?
Rioja Alta, in Haro
Where is Rioja Alavesa?
Entirely located northern bank of Ebro River, in the Basque Country (so it’s different from other subzones of Rioja not only geographically but also from culture)
Which subzone of Rioja is in the Pais Vasco?
Rioja Alavesa
Which subzone of Rioja is entirely on the northern bank of Ebro River?
Rioja Alavesa
Where is Roda?
Rioja Alta, Haro
Name a famous winery located in Logrono?
Marques de Murrieta
What’s the major soil of Rioja Alavesa?
Limestone
Which subzone of Rioja has the highest elevation?
Rioja Alavesa
Where is the highest vineyard located in Rioja Alavesa?
Labastida
Where is Labastida?
In Rioja Alavesa (western section)
Which subzone has the tradition for carbonic-macerated Tempranillo?
Rioja Alavesa
When was Rioja Baja renamed to Rioja Oriental?
2018
Which is the first harvest subzone in Rioja?
Rioja Oriental
Which Subzone is more associated with Garnacha?
Rioja Oriental
Which subzone of Rioja stretches into Navarra?
Rioja Oriental
Which subzone of Rioja has drier and warmer climate?
Rioja Oriental
Many Rioja Oriental’s vineyards sit at higher elevations in which mountain?
Yerga Mountains
What’s the synonym of Cariñena in Rioja?
Mazuelo
What’s the synonym of Trousseau in Rioja?
Maturana Tinta
What’s the synonym of Maturana Tinta in Jura?
Trousseau
Which subzone of Rioja is in La Rioja & Castilla y León?
Rioja Alta
Which types of wine can be produced in Rioja DOCa?
Espumoso(tranditional method Blanco and Rosado), Blanco, Rosado, Tinto
Which regions is Rioja Alta belong to?
La Rioja & Castilla y León
What’s the aging requirements for Rioja Espumoso?
Espumoso de Calidad (Crianza): 15months sur lie
Espumoso de Calidad Reserva: 24months sur lie
Espumoso de Calidad Gran Añada: 36months sur lie
What are the authorized grape varieties in Rioja?
Red: Tempranillo, Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano, Maturana Tinta;
White Grapes: Viura, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Verdejo, Malvasía, Garnacha Blanca, Tempranillo Blanco, Maturana Blanca, Turruntés.
What are the major white grape for Rioja Blanco?
Viura/Macabeo
What does Malvasía bring for Rioja white blending?
Floral profile
Is Turruntés the same as Torrontes?
NO
What’s the synonym of Turruntés?
Albillo Mayor
What are the authorized white grape varieties in Rioja?
Viura, Malvasia, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Verdejo, Maturana Blanca, Tempranillo Blanco, Turruntés
According to Rioja regulations, what’s the barrel size for Rioja wine?
225L (same as Bordeaux)
What are the aging requirement for Rioja Blaco/Rosado/Tinto?
Crianza
Tinto: min 2yrs total (min 1yr in oak);
Blanco/Rosado: min 18mths total (min 6mths in oak, remainder in bot/oak/stainless)
Reserva
Tinto: min. 3yrs total (1yr in oak + 6mths in bot);
Blanco/Rosado: min. 2yrs total (min 6mths in oak, remainder in bot/oak)
Gran Reserva
Tinto: min. 5yrs total (2yrs in oak + 2yrs in bot)
Blanco/Rosado: min. 4yrs total (min. 6mths in oak, remainder in bot/oak)
Why do many producers choose using cosecha or generico classiciation in Rioja?
Allows them the freedom to use larger wooden vessels, amphorae.
What’s “genérico”?
“Genérico” Rioja wines are not subject to the minimum aging times required for wines labeled “Crianza,” “Reserva,” or “Gran Reserva,” meaning they can be released quickly after fermentation.
What’s the meaning of “cosecha”?
“harvest” in English
When was the village regulations passed in Rioja?
In 2017
Which region in Spain pioneered the village regulation concept first? When?
Priorat, in 2009
How many villages are included in the village regulations in Rioja?
144 villages
What does Viñedo Singular mean?
Single vineyard
? What are the requirements for Viñedo Singular in Rioja?
1) Vineyard must be approved by the regulatory board
2) Winery must have a 10 year history working with the vineyard
3) Must be hand harvest
4) Vines must be at least 35yrs old
5) 100% grapes must come from the named vineyard
6) Wines must be produced and bottled at the named winery
7) 30% Lower yields: white 45hl/ha, red 32.5hl/ha.
What’s the max. Yields of Rioja white wine?
63hl/ha, and 45hl/ha for single vineyard
What’s the max. Yield of Rioja red wine?
45.5hl/ha, and 32.5hl/ha for single vineyard
What’s the requirement for Rioja Espumoso de Calidad Gran Añada?
Must come entirely from a single vintage, and state the vintage on the label.
What’s the dosage level for Rioja Espumoso?
Less than 12g/l: only Brut Nature, Extra Brut and Brut styles
What’s the method to make Rioja’s Espumoso?
Traditional method
When was Espumoso de Calidad wine authorized in Rioja?
2017
Where is Barrio de la Estación?
In Haro, Rioja Alta
What’s special for Barrio de la Estación?
High concentration of traditional style wineries are locted here since 19th C
Min alcohol of Rioja?
Rioja without subzone designation:
10.5% for Blanco/Rosado, 11% for Res or Gran Reserva;
11.5% for Tinto, 12% for Reserva or Gran Reserva.
Rioja with subzone designation:
Blanco Alta/ Alavesa: 11%, Blanco Baja 11.5%;
Rosado Alta/Alavesa 10.5%, Rosado Baja 11%
Tinto Alta/Alavesa 11.5%, Tinto Baja 12%
Espumoso de Calidad: 11%-13%
What are the requirement for Espumoso de Calidad of Rioja DOCa?
1) Traditional Method
2) Hand harvest
3) No additions, coloring, filtration
4) Gran Añada must come entirely from a single vintage, and state the vintage on the label.
5) Dosage: Brut Nature less than 3g/l to Brut 12g/l.
6) Pressure must be at least 3.5bars
What’s Vinos de Pueblo?
Village wine
What’s village wine called in Rioja?
Vinos de Pueblo
What are the soil types in Rioja Alta, Rioja Alavesa, Rioja Oriental?
Alta: calcareous clay and iron-rich clay on lower slopes south of Ebro River.
Alavesa: calcareous clay
Rioja Oriental: iron-rich clay, and alluvial silty粉质soils at the lower flatter areas.
Name the 4 Pagos in Navarra?
Otazu, Prado de Irache, Arínzano, Bolandin
Which appellation are included in Navarra?
Navarra DO, Rioja DOCa (Rioja Oriental)
Where can treasured old vine Garnacha found in Navarra?
Baja Montaña (eastern district)
Where is Valdizarbe?
North central district of Navarra, just south to the capital city Pamplona
Where is Tierra Estella?
Western district of Navarra
What’s the elevation for the vineyards in Tierra Estella?
560m
What’s the topography of Tierra Estella?
Hilly
Where is Pamplona?
capital city of Navarra
Which is the capital city of Navarra?
Pamplona
Which sub district of Navarra is bisected by Ebro River?
Ribera Baja
Which is the southern most district of Navarra?
Ribera Baja
Name the 5 districts of Navarra?
From west to east: Tierra Estella, Ribera Alta, Valdizarbe, Baja Montaña, Ribera Baja (south)
Which is the western most district of Navarra?
Tierra Estella
?? Which is the eastern most district of Navarra?
Baja Montaña
Which subzone of Navarra is notable for Moscatel de Grano Menudo sweet and fortified wines?
Ribera Baja
Which type of wine is most famous in Navarra?
Sangrado/Saignee method made deeply colored Rosado best fermented from Garnacha which has a centuries-old delicacy.
Which types of wine can be produced in Navarra?
Blanco, Rosado, Tinto, Vino de Licor (sweet)
Which grape variety is preferred for making Navarra Rosado?
Garnacha
What’s the requirements for Navarra’s Rosado?
Must be produced by saignee method/Sangrado;
Garnacha is preferred;
What’s the Spanish term for Saignée method?
Sangrado
What are the white grape varieties authorized in Navarra?
Garnacha Blanca, Viura, Malvasia, Moscatel de Grano menudo (Muscat a Petits Grains), Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc
What are the red grape varieties authorized in Navarra?
Tempranillo, Garnacha Tinta, Graciano, Mazuelo, Cab S, Merlot, Syrah, Pinot Noir
What are the grapes for sweet wine in Navarra?
Moscatel de Grano Menudo or Garnacha
What’s the aging requirements for red Crianza in Navarra?
Mini 2years in total, including min 9months in barrel (not 6months, different from national minimum requirements)
What are the aging requirements for Navarra wines?
Except red Crianza, the rest are all same to national requirements
Which regions are included in Ebro Riber Valley?
Rioja, Navarra, Aragón
What’s the meaning of “Roble”?
“Roble” means “oak”, describe wines that have spent a relatively short time aging in oak barrels, typically less than six months.
In Navara, only for Tinto, is min 90 days in oak, in max. 330L capacity.
What’s the meaning of “Envejecido en Roble”? What’s the requirement of Navarra Envejecido en Roble (Moscatel Vino de Licor)?
Aged in oak;
Wines must be aged a min. 24mths including 18months in oak.
Name the 4 DOs within Aragon?
Campo de Borja, Calatayud, Cariñena, Somontano
Where is Somontano?
Northeast of Aragon in Ebro River Valley
Where is Campo de Borja?
West of Aragon
Where is Calatayud?
Central western most of Aragon
Where is Cariñena?
In Aragon
Which is the capital city of Aragon?
Zaragoza
Where is Zaragoza?
Capital city of Aragon
Which DO in Aragon is the largest?
Calatayud
Which river splits Calatayud?
Jalón River
What does “Superior” designation indicate in Spain?
Min. 85% principal varieties
What does Selección indicate in Cariñena DO?
grapes harvested from selected plots cropped at maximum 7,000 kg/ha
What’s the grape variety for Calatayud Superior wine?
More than 50 years old vines of Garnacha
What’s the requirements for Calatayud Superior?
Must be composed of at least 85% Garnacha from vines at age of mininum 50 years old.
How old vines can be labeled as Viñas Viejas in Calatayud? In Cariñena DO?
Mini 35 years in Calatayud, 20years in Carinena DO
What’s the term for old vines in Spanish?
Viñas Viejas
Which types of wine are permitted in Calatayud?
Red, white, red,
Vino Naturalmente Dulce (sweet)
Vino Espumoso
Vino de Aguja (semi-sparkling)
Vino de Licor (fortified)
What’s Vino de Aguja?
Semi-sparkling
What’s Semi-Sparkling wine called in Spain?
Vino de Aguja
Which is the major wine type in Calatayud? How many %?
Red, 92%
Which is the major variety in Calatayud?
Garnacha, 2/3 of the vineyard area
What’s the vineyard elevation in Calatayud?
500m
? Which river runs through Cariñena?
Huerva River
Which is Aragon’s most historic appellation ? When was it established?
Cariñena, in 1932 (the first year of DOs)
Which is the first year of Spanish DOs?
1932
Which Spanish DO has same name as a grape variety?
Cariñena
Which are the principal red grapes in Cariñena ?
Cariñena (Mazuela), Garnacha Tinta, Tempranillo (Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah,)
Which are the principal white grapes in Cariñena ?
Chardonnay, Garnacha Blanca, Macabeo
Which types of wine are permitted in Cariñena ?
Red, white, rosado, sparkling, semi-sparkling, sweet, fortified
What are the grape varieties for Vino de Licor of Cariñena DO?
Moscatel de Alejandría, Garnacha Tinta, and Macabeo only.
Which is the most important grape variety in Campo de Borja? How many %?
Garnacha, 3/4 of the vine space
Which kind of wine is known for Campo de Borja?
Quality, good value young reds
Where is Campo de Borja located?
West of Zaragoza in Aragon region
Which is the most different DO in Aragon? From which part?
Somontano DO
Somontano is less arid than the rest of Aragon, least bound to Garnacha (instead, most successful from Gew, Riesling, Chardonnay, Cab S and Merlot).
Where is Somontano?
Between Ebro River and Pyrenees, northeast of Aragon
Which is the youngest DO of Aragon? When was it established?
Somontano, in 1984
Which DO in Spain is successful for Gewurztraminer?
Somontano in Aragon
Which are the most successful grape varieties in Somontano?
Gewurztraminer, Riesling, Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot
Where is the famous restaurant El Celler de Can Roca?
El Celler de Can Roca is a restaurant in Girona, Catalonia;
The oldest brother, Joan Roca is the head chef; Josep Roca, the middle brother, is the sommelier, and the youngest brother, Jordi Roca, is in charge of desserts.
Which region is at the forefront of the global molecular gastronomy movement?
Catalonia
Where is El Bulli located?
Near the town of Roses in Catalonia, Spain, run by chef Ferran Adrià, later joined by Albert Adrià
Restaurant magazine judged El Bulli to be No. 1 on its Top 50 list of the world’s best restaurants for a record five times—in 2002, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009, and No. 2 in 2010.
The restaurant closed 30 July 2011 and relaunched as El Bulli Foundation, a center for culinary creativity.
Who made the first traditional method sparkling wine using Macabeo, Xarel.lo, Parellada? When?
Josep Raventós i Fatjó of Codorníu Raventós, in 1872
When did Spain’s history of sparkling wine begin?
In 1851, when Antoni Galí Comas entered his bottle of sparkling to a competition in Madrid
What’s Girasol/Gyropalette?
A mechanized riddling system that Catalonia was first to use in the 1970s, which can perform remuage in as fast as 3 days, a task that would take hand-riddlers 6 weeks.
What’s the Spanish term for gyropalette?
Girasol (向日葵)
Name two the largest Cava houses?
Freixenet, and Codorníu Raventós
Name the 7 autonomous communities where can produced Cava?
Catalonia, Valencia, Aragon, Basque Country, La Rioja, Navarra, Extremadura
Which region is making Cava with Monastrell?
Valencia
Which grape variety is most planted for Cava?
Macabeo
Which grape variety serves as Cava’s foundation and contributes fruits and structure?
Macabeo
What does Xarel.lo bring to Cava?
Adding earthy flavors, broadening the mi-palate, extending its aging potential.
Which grape variety has softer acidity and floral finesse for Cava blending?
Parellada
Name the three classic grapes of Cava?
Macabeo, Xarel.lo, Parellada
What’s the winemaking method for Rosado Cava?
Saignee or blending red and white base wines.
Which are the red grapes for making Rosado Cava?
Garnacha Tinta, Monastrell, Pinot Noir, Trepat
How long must a basic Cava age before disgorgement?
9 months (echoes French Crémant sur lie aging)
How long should a Reserva Cava age on lees? And Gran Reserva? Cava de Paraje Calificado?
Reserva: 18months
Gran Reserva: 30months
Cava de Paraje Calificado: 36months
What are the requirements for Cava Paraje Calificado?
1) Grapes must from a single parcel whose vines are at least 10 years old
2) Must be vintage dated
3) Unacidified
4) Aged on lees for 36months
5) Hand harvesting
6) Stricter yields
7) Exclusively brut, extra brut, brut nature
When was Cava de Paraje Calificado category created?
In 2014
Which was the first year for Cava de Paraje Calificado on the market?
In 2017
What’s the maximum yield for Cava and Cava de Paraje Calificado?
Cava: 12tons/ha
Cava de Paraje Calificado: 8.8tongs/ha
What’s the sub-classification within DO Penedès for sparkling wines?
Clàssic Penedès
When was Clàssic Penedès DO created?
In 2012 (shortly after Raventós i Blanc departed)
What’s Clàssic Penedès?
A sub-classification within DO Penedès for sparkling wines
Where is Conca del Riu Anoia?
A subzone of Penedès
What are the requirements for Corpinnat?
1) Hand-harvest
2) 100% from organic grapes
3) At least 90% are indigenous varieties
4) Mini 18months aging on lees
When was Corpinnat created?
2017
What’s Corpinnat?
CORPINNAT is a collective European Union brand established with the aim of distinguishing great sparkling wines made in the heart of the Penedès from 100% organic grapes harvested by hand.
Why did many top wineries left Cava DO in 2019?
They thought the Spain’s Denomination of Origin bodies are too slow to modify the oudated 过时的restrictions限制
What’s the meaning of Corpinnat?
Heart of Penedès
Name the 12 producers of Corpinnat?
Bufadors,
Can Feixes,
Can Descregut,
Gramona
Júlia Bernet
Llopart
Mas Candí
Nadal
Pardas
Recaredo
Sabaté i Coca
Torelló
Which types of wine can be produced in Penedes DO?
Blanco/Blanc, Tinto/Negre, Rosado/Rosat, Espumoso/Classic Penedès,
Vino Aguja/Vi d’Agulla(semi-sparkling),
Vino Dulce Natural / Vi Dolç Natural: Vi de Licor (fortified wine)
Vino Dulce de Uva Sobremadurada(sweet wine from overripe grapes),
Vino Dulce de Frio (ice wine)
What does Vino Aguja /Vi d’Agulla mean?
Semi-sparkling
Which grape varieties are produced in Penedes Maritim/Baix Penedes?
Monastrell, Garnacha, Cariñena, Macabeo, Xarel.lo, Parellada
Which subzone of Penedes produces successful Bordeaux grapes?
Mitja-Penedes/ Penedes Central (mid-valley)
Which subzone of Penedes produces successful cooler-climate grapes? Which grapes?
Penedes Superior/Alt-Penedes
Pinot Noir, Cab F, Gewuztraminer, Chardonnay, Riesling,
As well as Chenin Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc, Moscatel de Alejandria/de Grano Menudo
Which subzone of Penedes has cooler climate? Why?
Penedes Superior/Alt-Penedes
It’s on higher elevation 500-850m, into Montserrat mountain, with higher rainfall and larger diurnal swing.
What are the elevations in Penedes Maritim, Mitja-Penedes, Alt-Penedes/Penedes Superior?
Maritim: 250m
Mitja: 250-500m
Alt/Superior: 500-850m
Name the 3 subzones of Penedes?
Baix-Penedès (low)/ Penedès Marítim (maritime, coastal),
Mitja-Penedès/ Penedès Central (mid-valley)
Penedès Superior/ Alt-Penedès (high, mountains)
When was Penedes DO established?
1960
What’s the aging requirement fo Penedes DO?
Tinto: Gran Reserva min 5years including 24months in oak (different from the standard including 18months in oak)
The rest are the same as Spanish general law.
What’s the term for Sparkling wine without disgorging in Penedes DO?
“No Dejorhat” or “No Degollat”.
What does “No Dejorhat” or “No Degollat” mean?
Sparkling wine from the D.O. Penedès region of Spain that is released without disgorging, meaning the dead yeast cells (lees) are not removed after the second fermentation.
What’s the meaning of Classic Penedès Reserva3.. to Reserva15 on the label?
To indicate a longer lees aging period of 3 to 15 years.
What’s the ageing requirement for Penedes Ancestrale Method? What kind of wine can be released without disgorgement?
1) Min. 15 months.
2) Wines aged on lees for 4 years or more can be release without disgorgement with “No Dejorhat” or “No Degollat”.
What’s the minimum must weight of Vino Dulce Natural and Vino Dulce de Frio of Penedes DO? And RS?
240g/l; RS is 70-150g/l.
What are the grape varieties allowed for Vino Dulce de Frio of Penedes DO?
Chardonnay, Gewurtztraminer, Malvasía de Sitges, Moscatel de Grano Menudo, Moscatel de Alejandría, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot, Viognier and Xarel·lo.
Where is Gratallops?
In Priorat, it was the town where the five Clos shared facilities to make wines
When did the five Clos begin to make wines in Priorat? Where?
1989, in the town of Gratallops
Who are the founders of Clos de l’Obac?
Carlos Pastrana and Mariona Jarque
Who is José Luis Pérez?
Founder of Clos Martinet
Who is the founder of Clos Martinet?
José Luis Pérez
What’s the current name of Clos Martinet?
Mas Martinet
Who is the founder of Clos Erasmus?
Daphne Glorian
Who is Daphne Glorian?
Female winemaker born in Switzerland and came to Priorat, the founder of Clos Erasmus
What’s the current name for Clos Dofi? Who is the founder?
Finca Dofi, Álvaro Palacios
Who is the winemaker of Clos Mogador?
René Barbier
Name the 5 Clos who built the reputation of Priorat?
Clos Mogador, Clos Dofi, Clos Erasmus, Clos Martinet, Clos de l’Obac
Who is the producer of L’Ermita? Where is it produced?
Alvaro Palacios, in Gratallops in Priorat
What are the grapes authorized for Cava?
Blanc/Blanco:
Parellada, Macabeo, Xarel·lo, Chardonnay, Malvasía
Negre/Tinto:
Pinot Noir, Monastrell, Garnatxa Negre, Trepat
Where is the capital of Cava?
Sant Sadurní d’Anoia
Name the 5 subzones Comtats de Barcelona for Cava production? How many % of Cava production is concentrated here?
Valls d’Anoia Foix, Serra de Mar, Conca del Gaià, Serra de Prades and Pla de Ponent.
More than 95%
What’s the village wine category called in Priorat? When was it created?
Vi de Vila, in 2009
How many villages were recognized for Vi de Vila of Priorat? Name the villages?
12; La Morera de Montsant,
Gratallops, Bellmunt del Priorat, Escaladei, Porrera, Poboleda, La Vilella Baixa, La Vilella Alta, El Lloar, Masos del Terme de Falset, Solanes del Terme de El Molar, Torraja del Priorat
Which appellation followed Priorat to create their own village category?
Bierzo, Rioja, Rueda
What’s the climate in Priorat?
Mediterranean, wide diurnal swings and low annual rainfall
Which mountain affects Priorat’s climate?
Serra de Montsant
Which is the river runs through Priorat?
Siurana River
What’s the soil called in Priorat?
Llicorella (发音igoreya)
What’s llicorella soils?
Schistose mica and quartzite片状云母和石英岩
Why is llicorella soil distinctive to produce concentrated wines?
Composed of schistose mica and quartzite (similar to Mosel’s blue slate),
Allows roots to stretch deep to find water,
Black-red surface radiates heat back onto the vines,
Very low yield.
What’s the synonym of Garnacha in Priorat?
Garnatxa
What’s the synonym of Cariñena in Priorat?
Carinyena
What’s the grape variety requirements for Vi de Vila?
Must hold 60% Garnacha and Cariñena, or 50% if only one is included in the blend.
What’s Vi de Finca?
Single vineyards
What’s the single vineyard category called in Priorat?
Vi de Finca
When was Vi de Finca category established?
In 2002
Name Priorat’s two first Vi de Finca wines?
Clos Mogador, Vall Llach’s Mas de la Rosa
What does “Vi de Paratge” refer to?
Similar to “lieux-dits” 100% sourced from a single zone.
What does Vi de Vinya refer to?
Similar to 1er Cru, Quality vineyard designation given to single parcel wines by the Consell.
Mini. 20-year-old vines.
What does Vi de Gran Vinya refer to?
Similar to Grand Cru, Top-Quality vineyard designation given to single parcel wines by the Consell, and mini. 35-year-old vines.
Which term is for old vines in Priorat? How old vines ?
Velles vinyes; at least 75years old
What’s the mini age of Vi de Vinya vines?
20years old
What’s the classification pyramid of Priorat? Launched year?
2009: Vi de Vila (village wine)
2019:
Vi de Finca (single vineyard)
Vi de Paratge (lieut-dits)
Vi de Vinya Classificada (1er Cru, min 20yrs old vines)
Vi de Gran Vinya Classificada (Grand Cru, min 35yr old vines)
Velles Vinyes (vineyard designation given to vineyards planted before 1945=75yrs old vines)
What are the grape varieties of Priorat DOCa?
Blanc: Garnatxa Blanca, Macabeu, Pedro Ximénez, Chenin Blanc, Moscatell d’Alexandria, Moscatell de Gra Petit, Xarel·lo, Picapoll, Viognier
Negre:
Recommended: Garnatxa Negre (Grenache), Carinyena/Samsó (Carignan)
Authorized: Garnatxa Peluda, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Ull de Llebre (Tempranillo), Pinot Noir, Syrah, Merlot, Picapoll Negre (Puntxó Fort)
What’s the min alcohol of Priorat DOCa?
Blanc/Rosado 13%abv, Negre 13.5%abv, Vi Ranci/Vi Dolç Natural/Mistela: 15%
What’s the min. must weight of Vino Dulce Natural / Vi Dolç Natural of Priorat DOCa?
320 g/l
What’s mistela?
Vin de liqueur: grape juice fortified before fermentation
Where is Montsant?
It’s ring around Priorat in Catalonia
Which DO was formerly subzone of Tarragona?
Montsant
Which DO can present value comparatively to Priorat?
Montsant
What’s the synonym of Xarel·lo?
Pansa Blanca
What’s the synonym of Pansa Blanca?
Xarel·lo
What’s Vimblanc in Montsant and Tarragona?
Vimblanc can be fortified or non-fortified.
Montsant: Fortified wine made from dried grapes of 100% Pansa=Xarel·lo
Tarragona: A non-fortified wine made from overripe berries.
What’s the Vi de Licor made from 100% Pansa in Montsant called?
Vimblanc
What’s Garnatxa de Montsant?
Vi di Licor, fortified wine made from Garnatxa in Montsant.
What are the most important grape varieties of Montsant?
Garnacha and Cariñena
Where do you find Falset?
Montsant
What’s the main town of Montsant?
Falset
Where is Tarragona?
South of Penedès
Name the two subzones of Tarragona? Which one is along the Mediterranean, in the plains and at lower elevations?
Camp de Tarragona, Ribera d’Ebre;
Camp de Tarragona is along the Mediterranean.
What’s the aging requirement of Montsant DO?
Gran Reserva Tinto: 5yrs total including 24 months
in oak(not 18mths) and 36 months in bottle
*the rest is the same as general law
What’s Garnatxa de Tarragona?
A fortified Garnacha, white or red from Tarragona.
What’s Moscatel de Tarragona?
A fortified wine from Moscatel de Grano Menudo=MOscatell de Gra Petit or Moscatell d’Alexandria= de Alejandría
What’s orange wine called in Tarragona? Which grapes can be used?
Vino Brisado;
Authorized white grapes:Chardonnay, Garnatxa Blanca, Macabeu, Xarel·lo, Moscatell de Gra Petit, Moscatell d’Alexandria, Parellada, Sauvignon Blanc, Subirat Parent (Malvasia)
+ Xarello Rosado
What’s Vino Brisado?
Orange Wine
Which styles of wine can be produced in Tarragona?
White, red, rose, Vino Brisado, Vi d’Agulla, Espumoso, Rancio, Mistela,
Moscatell de Tarragona, Garnatxa de Tarragona, Vimblanc.
What’s the synonym of Monastrell in Catalonia?
Garrut
What’s the synonym of Malvasia in Catalonia ?
Subirat Parent
What’s the synonym of Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains in Catalonia?
Moscatell de Gra Petit
Where is Conca de Barberà?
North of Tarragona, inland from Penedes, in Catalonia
Which grape is good from Conca de Barberà?
Trepat, used for Cava, Rosados and ligther-bodied slightly spicy reds.
What styles of wine are produced in Conca de Barberà?
Red, white, rosado, sweet, sparkling
What are the main grape varieties of Conca de Barberà?
White: Macabeo and Parellada, along with Chardonnay
Red: Trepat
Which river is in Conca de Barberà?
Francolí River and its tributary, the Anguera
Where is Costers del Segre?
Northwest of Conca de Barberà
Which DO is non-contiguous in Catalonia?
Costers del Segre
Name the 7 subzones of Costers del Segre?
Urgell, Garrigues, Pallars Jussà, Raimat, Artesa de Segre, Segrià, Vall del Riucorb
Which subzone of Costers del Segre is most historic?
Raimat
Which river is through Costers del Segre?
Segre River
Where is Raimat?
Sits at the food of the Pyrenee, a subzone of Costers del Segre, in Catalonia
Who bought the 2245-ha estate in Costers del Segre which became Raimat?
Manuel Raventós of Codorníu in 1914
What’s the soil type of Costers del Segre?
Sandy limestone
What’s the aging requirement of Espumoso of Costers del Segre DO?
Vino Espumoso: min. 9 months on the lees
Vino Espumoso “Reserva Superior”: min. 24 months on the lees
Where is Terra Alta?
Catalonia’s bottom corner最底角
Which grape variety is known for Terra Alta? To produce which style of wine?
Garnacha Blanca; traditionally for sweet and fortified wines (rancios and mistelas), but in recent years more interest of dry white.
Which DO is producing exiting Garnacha Blanca in Catalonia?
Terra Alta, Alella
What’s the soil type and elevations in Terra Alta?
Limestone and have good drainage, relatively high between 350-800m
What’s the synonym of Alicante Bouschet in Catalonia?
Garnatxa Tintera
Which DO is located northeast of Barcelona on the Coast?
Alella DO
What’s the Sandy granite soil called in Alella?
Sauló
What’s sauló soils?
Sandy granite
What’s the main style of wine is produced in Alella today? Which grapes?
Dry white, Garnacha Blanca, Xarel.lo=Pansa Blanca
Which style of wine is historically associated with Alella?
Semi-sweet white
What’s the synonym of Xarel.lo in Alella DO?
Pansa Blanca
What’s Pansa Blanca?
Xarel.lo
Where is Pla de Bages? Known for which grape varieties?
North of Penedes;
Macabeo and Picapoll Blanco (distinct from Piquepoul Blanc)
Which DOs are on the Mediterranean coast in Catalonia?
Empordà, Alella, Penedes, Tarragona
Name a local red grape variety produced in Pla de Bages DO?
Sumoll
Where is Empordà ?
Northeast of Catalonia
What’s the geographical environment of Empordà ?
One side by the Mediterranean and another by the Pyrenee and the French border.
Which wind deeply impacts Empordà DO?
Tramontana wind
What’s Tramontana?
It’s a fierce and cold wind from the Massif Central
Name the non-contiguous two parts of Empordà?
Alt Empordà, Baix Empordà
Which part of Empordà is along Albera and Rodes ranges?
Alt Empordà
Which mountains is Alt Empordà along with?
Albera and Rodes
Which part of Empordà is along the coast?
Baix Empordà
Which DO of Spain is just opposite Roussillon?
Empordà
Which AOCs of France is just opposite Empordà?
Banyuls and Collioure
Which DO occupies Catalonia’s northeast?
Empordà DO
What are the synonyms of Garnatxa Blanca and Garnatxa Negra ?
Lledoner Blanc, Lledoner Negre
What are the aging requirement of Garnacha del Empordà?
Crianza: min. 3 years, including at least 1 year in oak
Reserva: min. 5 years, including at least 4 years in oak
Gran Reserva: min. 8 years, including at least 6 years in oak
What are the min. Alcohol of Garnacha del Empordà and Moscatell del Empordà?
Garnatxa del Empordà: 15-20%
Moscatell del Empordà: 15-18%
What’s the Vi de Licor called if made from overripe grapes in Emporda?
Vi de raïms sobremadurat
Which wines from Catalonia resemble Banyuls and Rivesaltes’ VDN? Grapes?
Garnatxa de l’Empordà: Garnatxa Negre and Garnatxa Blanca
Moscatell de l’Empordà: Moscatel d’Alexandria
What’s the mini must weight for “vi dolç natural” in Empordà?
270g/l
What kind of wine may be labeled “Rancio” in Empordà?
Vino de Licor Rancio: any Vino de Licor may be labeled “Rancio” with a min. 2 years aging in oak and a pronounced oxidative character.
Why is Empordà known for Vi de Licor?
It’s close to Banyuls and Collioure, winemaking is similar to French neighbors
Which types of wine are produced in Empordà?
Blanco, Rosado, Tinto, Vi de Licor (Vin Doux Naturel), Espumoso, Mistela
Which is the DO for the entire Catalonia?
Catalunya (named for Catalan)
Can Espumoso wine be labeled as Catalunya DO?
NO, can not produce fully sparkling
Which type of wine can be produced under Catalunya DO?
Blanco, Rosado, Tinto, Vi de Licor, Vino de Aguja/Vi d’agulla (semi-sparkling)
Which styles of wine are produced in Catalunya DO?
Red, white, rosado, fortified, semi-sparkling.
Which kind of sparkling wine can be produced in Catalunya DO?
Semi sparkling:Vino de Aguja / Vi d’agulla; can not produce fully espumoso.
Which types of wine can be produced in Emporda?
Blanco, Rosado, Tinto, Vi de Licor, Vi d’Agulla (semi-sparkling), Espumoso, Mistela (fortified liqueur)
What are the recommended grape varieties for Emporda?
Blanco: Garnatxa Blanca, Roja, Macabeu, Moscatel d’Alexandria
Tinto: Carinyena (Carignan), Garnatxa Negra
Which types of wine are produced in Alella?
All styles:
Blanco, Rosado, Tinto, Rancio, Vi Dolç Natural(min. Must weight 250g/l), Mistela, Vi d’Agulla, Espumoso, Vi de Licor
Name the recommended grape varieties in Alella?
White: Pansa Blanca (Xarel.lo), Garnatxa Blanca
Red: Garnatxa Negre
Which types of wine are produced in Terra Alta?
All styles:
Blanco, Rosado, Tinto, Rancio, VDN (min. Must weight 250g/l),
Mistela, Vi de Licor, Vi d’Agulla, Espumoso
Name the recommended grape varieties in Terra Alta?
Blanco: Garnatxa Blanca, Macabeu, Parellada
Tinto: Garnatxa Negre, Garnatxa Peluda, Samsó/Carinyena (Carignan)
What’s the synonym of Carignan in Catalonia?
Samsó, Carinyena
What’s Samsó?
Carignan
Which types of wine are produced in Costers del Segre?
Blanco, Rosado, Tinto, Vi de Licor (fortified), Vi d’Agulla, Espumoso
Name the recommended grape varieties in Costers del Segre?
White: Macabeo, Xarel.lo, Parellada, Chardonnay, Garnacha Blanca, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Moscatel de Alejandria, Malvasia, Subirat Parent Gewurztraminer
Red: Garnacha Tinta, Ull de Ilebre(Tempranillo), Cab S, Cab F, Merlot, Monstrell, Trepat, Mazuela, Pinot Noir, Syrah
Which types of wine are produced in Conca de Barberà?
Blanco, Rosado, Tinto, Vi de Licor(fortified), Rancio(fortified), Vi Dolç Natural (fortified), Mistela, Vi d’Agulla, Espumoso
Name the recommended grape varieties in Conca de Barberà?
White: Macabeu, Chardonnay, Garnatxa Blanca, Chenin Blanc, Moscatel de Gra Petit, Parellada, Sauvignon Blanc
Red: Cab F, Cab S, Garnatxa Negre, Monastrell, Pinot Noir, Merlot, Syrah, Trepat, Ull de Llebre, Samsó/Carinyena (Carignan), Querol, Garro
Which types of wine are produced in Montsant?
Blanco, Rosado, Tinto, Rancio, Mistela, Vi de Licor, Vi Dolç Natural (must weight 272g/l), Vimblanc: Vi de Licor
Name the Authorized grapes in Montsant?
Blanco: Chardonnay, Garnatxa Blanca, Macabeu, Pansa Blanca (Xarel.lo), Moscatell de Gra Petit, Parellada
Tinto: Cab S, Carignan/Samso, Garnatxa Negre, Garnatxa Peluda, Merlot, Monastrell, Picapoll Negre, Syrah, Ull de Llebre
Vi de Vila (Vino de Pueblo/Villages) of Priorat?
La Morera de Montsant, Gratallops, Bellmunt del Priorat, Escaladei, Porrera, Poboleda, La Vilella Baixa, La Vilella Alta, El Lloar, Masos de Falset, Solanes del Molar, Torroja del Priorat
Which types of wine can be produced in Priorat?
Blanco, Rosado, Tinto, Rancio, Mistela, VDN (must weight 320g/l)
Name the grape varieties in Priorat?
Blanc 8: Garnatxa Blanca, Macabeu, Pedro Ximenez, Xarel.lo, Picapoll, Moscatell d’Alexandria, Chenin Blanc, Viognier
Recommended Red: Garnatxa Negre, Carinyena/Samso(Carignan)
Authorized 8: Garnatxa Peluda, Ull de Llebre, Picapoll Negre (Puntxó Fort), Cab S, Cab F, Merlot, PN, Syrah
Name the authorized grape varieties in Penedes?
Blanco: Macabeo, Xarel.lo, Parellada, Subirat Parent, Garnacha blanca, Moscatel de Alejandría, Moscatel de grano menudo, Malvasía de Sitges, Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc, Riesling, Gewurztraminer , Chenin, Sumoi blanco, Viognier, Xarel.lo rosado, and Forcada.
Tinto: Ull de Llebre, Garnacha tinta, Samsó, Monastrell, Sumoi tinto, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot noir, Syrah, Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot, and Moneu
Which types of wine can be produced in Somontano?
Blanco (seco, semiseco, semidulce, dulce)
Rosado (seco, semiseco, semidulce, culce)
Tinto (seco, semiseco, semidulce, culce)
Vi de Licor, Espumoso, Vino Naturalmente Dulce
Which are the authorized grape varieties in Somontano?
Blanco: Chardonnay, Gewürztraminer, Garnacha Blanca, Alcañón, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Macabeo
Tinto: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Tempranillo, Syrah, Garnacha Tinta, Moristel, Pinot Noir, Parraleta
Which types of wine can be produced in Campo de Borja?
Blanco (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce)
Rosado (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce)
Tinto (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce)
Vino de Licor (Moscatel)
Vino Espumoso
Vendimia Tardía
Authorized grape varieties in Campo de Borja?
Blanco: Macabeo, Moscatel de Grano Menudo, Moscatel de Alejandría, Chardonnay, Garnacha Blanca, Sauvignon Blanc, Verdejo
Tinto: Garnacha, Tempranillo, Mazuela, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Garnacha Tintorera
Name the 11DO and 1DOCa in Catalunya?
east to west
Empordà DO
Alella DO,
Pla de Bages DO,
Penedès DO,
Costers del Segre DO,
Conca de Barberà DO,
Tarragona DO,
Montsant DO,
Priorat DOCa
Terra Alta DO,
Catalunya DO,
Cava DO
What’s the Catalan term for DOCa?
DOQ
Name the three DO’s in Valencia?
Valencia, Alicante, Utiel-Requena
Where is Valencia?
South of Catalonia
Where is paella originated?
Valencia
What’s paella?
Spanish seafood rice
What are the most planted grape varieties in Catalunya DO?
Garnatxa Blanca, Moscatel de Alejandria, Macabeo, Parellada, Chardonnay;
Garnatxa Negra, Ull de Llebre, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah
What is the name of Catalunya’s own quality scheme?
Vi de Finca
Why do growers use the overarching term Catalunya DO?
It allows them more freedom than adhering to the regulations of the smaller DOs and Catalunya has better name recognition than Penedes.
What is mostly grown in Penedes Maritim?
Monastrell with some Xarel-lo, Macabeo and Parellada
What is grown in Penedes Central?
Xarel-lo, Macabeo, Parellada, Merlot, Cab S, Tempranillo, Chardonnay
What hazards do growers face in Penedes Superior?
Spring frost, due to the altitude at which grapes are grown (500-800m)
What varieties are grown in Penedes Superior?
Chardonnay, SB, small quantities of Riesling and Gew.
What’s the soil type in Penedes?
Loamy with some calcareous deposits.
What was Penedes known for early on, compared to the rest of Spain, in the late 20th century, and why?
Clean, fruity wines, aromatic whites and fruity, early-drinking reds, thanks to being one of the first parts of Spain to modernise winemaking, with the introduction of temperature-controlled fermentation in stainless steel.
What’s the average yield of old bush vine in Priorat?
As little as 5hl/ha
What are the most planted grape varieties in Priorat?
Garnacha Tinta 41%, Carinena 24%, Syrah, Cab S, Merlot, Garnacha Blanca, other 4%
What’s the vine training in Priorat?
En vaso
What’s bush vine called in France, in Spain, in Italy?
Gobelet in France, En vaso in Spain,or alberello in Italy
What’s the most key grapes in Terra Alta DO?
All about Garnacha (Garnatxa Blanca,Garnatxa Negre, Garnatxa Peluda)
Which grape is Conca de Barbera DO known for?
Trepat
Which DO is known for Picapoll Blanco?What’s the synonym in France?
Plà de Bages DO, Clairette
What grapes is Alella DO famous for?
Garnacha Blanca and Xarel-lo
What’s the main wine style and grapes from Tarragona DO?
Dry whtie wines from Cava Grapes
When was Priorat promoted from DO to DOQ?
2009
What is the climate of Priorat, and what protects it from cold winds from the north and Mediterranean influence from the south?
Warm continental. The Serra de Montsant in the north and the Serra de Llaberia (from the south).
What is the name given to the slopes on which the vineyards are planted?
Costers
What % of plantings are white varieties in Priorat?
7%
How many years must a producer have owned or rented the land for their grapes to qualify for any of Priorat’s classifications?
7years
What are the most planted white and red grape varieties in Costers del Segre?
White: Macabeo, Xarelo, Parellada (for Cava), Chardonnay, Garnacha Blanca, Sauvignon Blanc,
Red: Garnacha Tinta, Ull de llebre/Tempranillo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot,
Name the 10 zones of Penedes?
Conca del Foix
Costers de l’Anoia
Costers de Lavernó
Costers del Montmell
Marina del Garraf
Massis del Garraf
Muntanyes d’Ordal
Turons de Vilafranca
Vall Bitlles-Anoia
What’s Petit Valencia?
Also called “Vino Petit Valencia,” is a type of young wine, either dry or with residual sugar, produced within the Valencia DO.
Which types of wine are produced in Valencia DO?
Blanco, Rosado, Tinto, Petit Valencia, Vi de licor, Rancio, Espumoso,
Vino de Misa/Vino Consagrar Valencia (Vino de Licor, sacramental wine).
What are the recommended grape varietied in Valencia DO?
Blanco: Macabeo, Malvasia, Merseguera, Moscatel de Alejandria, Pedro Ximenez, Chardonnay
Tinto: Granacha, Tempranillo, Monastrell, Tintorera, Cab S, Merlot
Which types of wine are produced in Alto Turia? From which grapes?
White: Merseguera and Macabeo
Which subzone of Valencia DO has the highest elevation? What’s the elevation?
Alto Turia, 700-1100m
Where is the Moscatel region?
It’s a subregion in Valencia producing mistelas and fortified wines from Moscatel de Alejandria
Name the 4 subzones of Valencia DO?
From north to south: Alto Turia, Valentino, Moscatel, Clariano
Which DOs are included in Valencia?
Valencia, Utiel-Requena, Alicante
Which is the third largest city in Spain?
Valencia
Which is Valencia’s most southerly appellation?
Alicante
Name the 8 subzones of Alicante DO?
Alto Vinalopó, Medio Vinalopó, Bajo Vinalopó,
El Comtat, L’Alcoià,L´Alacantí,
La Marina Alta, La Marina Baja
Which subzone of Alicante is inland with continental climate?
Vinalopó: Alto, Medio, Baja.
Which subzones of Alicante are in the mountains? What’s the elevation?
El Comtat, and L’Alcoia;
1500m.
What’s the most important grape variety in Alicante? How many % of planting?
Monastrell, 75% of the vineyard area
Where is La Marina? Which type of wine is produced here?
A subzone of Alicante
Sweet Moscatel wine
Where is Monóvar?
At the most inland area of Alicante DO, where still produce Fondillón
What’s Fondillón?
A traditional wine from Alicante, made from Monastrell which are late harvested in Nov without botrytis, fermentation stops naturally keeps 20-50g/l RS. Similar to Sherry but without fortification, the wines enter a solera system and age for mini. 10 years and gets the rancio character.
Which grape variety is Fondillón made from?
Monastrell
Where is Fondillón made?
In Alicante
What are the principales grape varieties of Alicante?
Blanco: Moscatel de Alejandría, Alarije, Subirat Parent, Merseguera, and Verdil
Tinto: Monastrell, Garnacha Tintorera, Garnacha TInta, and Bobal.
Which is the most important grape variety in Utiel-Requena DO? How many %?
Bobal, 72%
Where is Utiel-Requena DO located?
In Valencia region
What are the two towns of Utiel-Requena DO?Which produces the higher volume of wine and also contains a portion of the Cava DO?
Utiel and Requena;
Requena produces higher volume and contains a portion of Cava DO.
What’s Vino de Baja Graduación ?
low-alcohol wine (below 12%abv)
Which types of wine are produced in Utiel-Requena DO?
Blanco, Rosado,Tinto (dry, Vino de Licor, Vino de Baja Graduación)
Espumoso de Calidad: traditional method
Espumoso Aromáticos de Calidad
Vino de Aguja: semi-sparkling
What does it mean “Bobal con mención especifica?
100% Bobal
What does it mean if labeled “Bobal Alta Expresión”?
min. vine age: 50 years
Which is the transitional autonomous community between the Mediterranean Coast and Southern Spain?
Murcia
Name the three DOs within Murcia?
Yecla, Jumilla, Bullas(公牛队)
Where is Murcia?
South of Valencia community, along the coast
What’s the major grape variety in Yecla and Jumilla?
Monastrell
What’s the elevation of Yecla and Jumilla?
Higher elevation 400-800m
When did phylloxera arrive in Jumilla? Why?
Late 1980s, the sandier soils above limestone.
What’s the grape variety for making Jumilla’s Vinos de licor?
100% Monastrell
What’s the min. % to label Monastrell varietally in Jumilla DO?
Min 85%
Which two regions is Jumilla located in?
Murcia, Castilla-La Mancha
What types of wine are produced in Jumilla DO?
White, red, rosado, sweet, Vino de Licor (100% Monastrell)
Where is Bullas?
West of Murcia community
Which is the youngest DO of Murcia?
Bullas (1994)
What’s the major grape variety in Bullas DO?
Monastrell
Name the three subzones of Bullas?
Northeast, central, western
What are the elevations in Bullas?
600-900m
What’s the style of Bullas’s Monastrell?
Acid driven, fresh red wine
Which types of wine are produced in Bullas?
Blanco, Rosado, Tinto, Vi de licor, Espumoso
What’s the winemaking method for Espumoso in Bullas?
Traditional method
How long should Bullas’ Espumoso aged on lees?
Min. 9months
What’s the major grape variety for Rosado or Tinto Espumoso in Bullas? How many %?
Monastrell, min. 65%
How many % of Monastrell must be used for Bullas’s Vi de Licor?
100%
How many % of Monastrell must be used in Tinto and Rosado wines in Bullas?
Mini. 60%
Which are the recommended white grape in Bullas?
Macabeo
What’s the % of Monastrell must be contained for minmum in the Rosado/Tinto wine, Vino de Licor, Espumoso of Bullas DO?
60% for Rosado/Tinto; 100% for Vino de Licor; 65% for Espumoso
Which Autonomías are included in Mediterranean Coast?
Catalonia, Valencia, Murcia
Which Autonomías are included in Ebro River Valley?
Rioja, Navarra, Aragon
Which Autonomías are included in Duero River Valley?
Castilla y León
Which Autonomías are included in Atlantic Coast?
Galicia, Basque Country, Cantabria & Asturias
Name the 7 Viticultural Areas of Spain ?
Atlantic Coast, Duero River Valley, Ebro River Valley, Mediterranean Coast, Central Plateau, Andalucia, The Islands
Name the four subzones of Vinos de Madrid? And grapes in each subzone?
San Martín de Valdeiglesias: Albillo Real, Garnacha Tinta
Navalcarnero: Malvar, Garnacha Tinta
El Molar: Malvar, Garnacha Tinta
Arganda: Malvar, Tinto Fino
Which is the largest subzone of Vinos de Madrid ?
Arganda
Where is Arganda?
Southeast of Madrid, a subzone of Vinos de Madrid
Which is the newest subzone of Vinos de Madrid? When established?
El Molar, in 2019
Which subzone of Valencia DO only produces Blanco Seco? Grape varieties?
Alto Turia; Merseguera and Macabeo.
Which Mountain protects Madrid from cold northern winds?
Sierra de Gredos
Where is the Albillos y Garnachas de Gredos association founded? What’s their purpose?
In Madrid’s Sierra de Gredos, to promote Albillo Real and Garnachas grape varieties, with stricter standards and their members become leaders of the these grapes.
Which types of wine are produced in Vinos de Madrid?
Blanco, Rosado, Tinto, Espumoso, Sobremadre
What’s sobremadre?
A traditional style for both red and orange wines, where skin contact is permitted without racking for up to 180days (produced in Madrid)
? Which are the authorized grapes in Vinos de Madrid?
Blanco: Malvar, Albillo, Airén, Viura, Torrontés, Parellada, Moscatel de Grano Menudo
Tinto: Tinto Fino, Garnacha Tinta, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah
Where is Arganda? Which are the recommended varieties in Arganda?
A subzone in Madrid;
Malvar (white), Tinto Fino
Where is Sierra de Gredos?
Sierra de Gredos, located some 100 km west of Madrid, is a mountain range with a long winemaking tradition of powerful garnachas and structured albillo real.
Where is Navalcarnero? Which are the recommended grapes?
A subzone of Madrid
Malvar (white), Garnacha Tinta
Where is San Martin de Valdeiglesias? Which are the recommended grapes?
A subzone of Madrid,
Albillo Real, Garnacha Tinta
Where is El Molar? Which are the recommended grapes?
A subzone of Madrid
Malvar, Garnacha Tinta
What’s the climate of Castilla-La Mancha?
Extreme continental climate, summers can reach very high tempratures, with extreme lack of rainfall. Winter can be freezing.
Which region of Spain is the setting of the novel Don Quixote堂吉诃德?
Castilla-La Mancha
Where is Manchego cheese produced?
Castilla-La Mancha
What’s the largest industry in Castilla-La Mancha?
Sheep farming养羊业
Which cheese is famous in Castilla-La Mancha?
Manchego
Which milk is Manchego cheese made from?
Sheep milk
Name the 9 DOs in Castilla-La Mancha?
Méntrida, Uclés, Mondéjar, Manchuela, Ribera del Júcar, Almansa, Valdepeñas, La Mancha
(Clockwise from west) Campo de Calatrava DO established in 2024
Name the newest DO in Castilla-La Mancha?Year?
Campo de Calatrava DO, 2024
Which DO is in the central of Castilla-La Mancha?
La Mancha
Which DO is located in the south of Castilla-La Mancha?
Valdepeñas
Which is the largest continuous winegrowing area in Spain (one of the largest inthe world)?
La Mancha DO
How many hectares are there under vines in La Mancha DO?
160,000ha
What’s the most important white and red grape varieties in La Mancha?
White: Airén
Red: Cencibel (Tempranillo)
What’s the synonym of Tempranillo in La Mancha?
Cencibel
What’s the planting system called in La Mancha?
Marco real
What’s “marco real”?
A traditional planting system in La Mancha, where each vine is spaced 2.5m from the next to reduce competition for water.
What’s the training system in La Mancha?
Mostly head trained
Which types of wine are produced in La Mancha?
Blanco,Rosado, Tinto (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce)
VDN (min. Must weight of 300g/l)
Vi d’Agulla (semi-sparkling 1-2.5 bars of pressure)
Espumoso
What’s the most important red grape in Ribera del Júcar?
Tempranillo
What’s the white grapes permitted for white wine in Ribera del Júcar?
Sauvignon Blanc and Moscatel de Grano Menudo
What’s the microclimate in Ribera del Júcar?
It has more Mediterranean influence than western neighbor and 20% higher rainfall.
Which types of wine are produced in Ribera del Júcar?
Blanco (Seco,Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce),
Rosado (Seco,Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce),
Tinto
Where is Ribera del Júcar?
DO within Castilla-La Mancha, at La Mancha’s eastern edge.
Which region in Alicante is bodering with Manchuela?
Utiel-Requena
Which grape variety is dominant in Manchuela?
Bobal (more than 2/3)
Where is Manchuela?
A DO in eastern Castilla-La Mancha
Which river is between Manchuela and Ribera del Júcar ?
Júcar River
What’s Vino de Hielo?
Ice wine
Which types of wine are produced in Manchuela?
Blanco, Rosado, Tinto, Sparkling,Vino de Hielo
Which are the most important white and red grape varieties in Manchuela?
Macabeo and Bobal
Where is Almansa?
South of Manchuela, a DO within Castilla-La Mancha
What’s the climate in Almansa?
Semi-arid
What’s the soils in Almansa?
Limestone
What’s the elevation in Almansa?
700m
What’s the main grape variety in Almansa?
Monastrell
Which types of wine are produced in Almansa? Which is the most important style?
Blanco, Rosado, Tinto (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce);
Mainly red.
Which are the two best areas for finest grapes in Valdepeñas?
Western plain: Los Llanos (means the flats)
North on the slopes: Las Aberturas (means the passes)
What’s the term in Spain for clairet?
Clarete, aloque
What’s aloque?
Light-bodied red produced in Spain similar to clairet from Bordeaux
Which type of wine is produced historically in Valdepeñas?
Aloques or claretes, light bodied reds similar to clairet from Bordeaux, blended with both red and white grapes.
Which style of wine is best known for Valdepeñas?
Easy-drinking Tempranillo-based wines
Which grape variety is heavy emphasis in Valdepeñas in the early 20th century ?
Airén (due to its productivity)
Which types of wine are produced in Valdepeñas ?
Blanco, Rosado, Tinto, Espumoso
Where is Valdepeñas ?
South of Castilla-La Mancha
Where is Méntrida?
Western most DO within Castilla-La Mancha
What’s the climate in Méntrida?
Extreme continental
Which types of wine can be produced in Méntrida? which is the most important style?
Blanco, rosado, tinto
Red
What’s the most important grape in Méntrida?
Garnacha
What’ s the soil type of Méntrida?
Sandy granitic soils
Where is Uclés?
La Mancha’s northern edge, within Castilla-La Mancha
What’s the most important grape varieties in Uclés?
Tempranillo
Which types of wine are produced in Uclés?
Blanco, Rosado, Tinto, Espumoso
Which are the authorized grapes in Uclés?
Blanco: Verdejo, Chardonnay, Moscatel de Grano Menudo, Sauvignon Blanc, Macabeo
Tinto: Tempranillo, Cab S, Merlot, Garnacha Tinta, Syrah
Which mountain separates Uclés in half?
Sierra de Altomira
Where is Mondéjar?
Just north of Uclés, in Castilla-La Mancha
which types of wine are produced in Mondéjar?
Blanco, Rosato, Tinto
Which white grapes are successful in Mondéjar?
Malvar, Macabeo, Sauvignon Blanc, Torrontés
Which is the most important grape in Mondéjar?
Tempranillo
Which province is Ribera del Júcar DO belong to?
Cuenca
Which province is Campo de Calatrava DO belong to?
Ciudad Real
What’s the meaning of Tinto de Uvas-Sobremaduradas?
Overripe grape red wine
What’s the min. Alcohol % and aging requirement of Tinto de Uvas-Sobremaduradas in Campo de Calatrava DO?
16% abv, min 8years in oak (225 or 500L).
Which DO in Spain borders Alentejo?
Ribera del Guadiana
Which is the sole DO in Extremadura?
Ribera del Guadiana
Where is Ribera del Guadiana?
In Extremadura
Which river cuts througth Extremadura?
Guadiana River
What does Extremadura mean?
Extreme limit of the land beyond the Duero
Name two important cork regions in Europe?
Alentejo in Portugal and Extremadura in Spain
Where is jamón serrano produced from?
Extremadura
Which is the biggest subzone of Ribera del Guadiana DO?
Tierra de Barros (4/5 of all vineyard space)
Name the 6 subzones of Ribera del Guadiana DO?
Tierra de Barros, Ribera Alta, Ribera Baja, Montánchez, Matanegra, Cañamero
Which two subzones of Ribera del Guadiana DO have the highest elevation?
Montánchez and Cañamero
Which are the only two subzones north of the Guadiana River in Ribera del Guadiana DO?
Montánchez and Cañamero
Which subzone sits the furthest south of Ribera del Guadiana DO?
Matanegra
Beyond commercial wine, Which region has long been a source of base wines to be distilled into brandy?
Extremadura
Where is Andalucía?
Central south of Spain, bottom tip of the Iberian Peninsula, the southern extreme of Western Europe
Which region is at the bottom tip of the Iberian Peninsula, southern extreme of Western Europe?
Andalucía
What’s the soil in Andalucía?
Albariza (chalk soil)
Where is Condado de Huelva?
DO sits just northwest of the Jerez triangle along the Atlantic coastline
What’s the aging vessel for Condado?
American oak butts (up to 650L)
What’s the min aging requirement for Condado?Vino Generoso de Licor of Condado de Huelva?
Condado Palido/Viejo: min 3years in wood;
Cino Generoso de Licor: min 2years in wood
What’s the terms for sweetened Condado?
Cream and medium
What’s Condado Viejo?
Fortified between 17%-22%abv, aged oxidatively and resemble Oloroso Sherry.
What’s Condado Pálido?
A lighter style of fortified wine aged biologically under flor, limilar to Fino Sherry.
What’s the alcohol content of Condado Pálido?
15.5% abv
What are the two major styles of Condado de Huelva?
pálido and viejo
Which is the most prominent grape for generoso wines in Condado de Huelva? What are the characters?
Local grape: Zalema
Similar to Palomino, rather neutral when vinified as an unfortified wine.
Which types of wine can be produced in Condado de Huelva?
Blanco, Condado pálido, Condado viejo, Vino Generoso de Licor (sweet sherry style), Tinto
Are Málaga DO and Sierras de Málaga DO produced from the same area?
Yes
Which types of wine are produced in Málaga DO and Sierras de Málaga DO?
Málaga DO: sweet wines
Sierras de Málaga DO: dry white, rosado, red wines
Where is Málaga DO?
Between Mediterranean and Montillas-Moriles
Name the 5 subareas of Málaga DO?
Norte, Axarquía, Montes de Málaga, Manilva, Serranía de Ronda (from the north clockwise)
Which subzone of Malaga is predominately Moscatel?
Manilva, Axarquía
Where is Manilva? Which grape is dominated ?
A subzone of Malaga; Moscatel.
Which subzone is in the north of Malaga? Soil?Which grape is best here?
Norte, limestone, Pedro Ximénez (close to Montilla in the north)
Which subzone of Malaga is the primary source for Sierras de Malaga DO? Why?
Serranía de Ronda, it sits at the highest elevation at 750m.
Which subzone of Malaga has the highest elevation?
Serranía de Ronda, 750m
What’s the only permitted red grape in Málaga DO?
Romé
Which grape is the most traditional sweet wines of Málaga made from?
Pedro Ximénez
Which grapes produce high quality wines in Málaga?
Pedro Ximénez, Moscatel de Alejandría, Moscatel Morisco (Moscatel de Grano Menudo)
Name the examples who bottle Málaga wines from Moscatel de Alejandría?
Telmo Rodríguez and US importer Jorge Ordóñez, in a collaboration with Austrian sweet wine producer Kracher
Which types of wine are produced in Sierras de Málaga?
Dry Red, white, rosado (also produce Sobremaduradas).
What’s Sobremaduradas?
Unfortified Sweet wines produced from overripe grapes
What’s the max. RS of Sierras de Malaga DO wines?
12g/l
What’s soleo process ?
Clusters left to raisinated outdoors on grass mats
What’s espartos?
Grass mats
What’s Vino Maestro?
Fresh grapes of Pedro Ximénez and/or Moscatel, fortified before fermentation starts.
What’s Vino Tierno?
“sunned” grapes, fortified after fermentation starts, 350 g/l min. must weight (after “soleo” drying process
What’s the min must weight of Vino Tierno of Malaga?
350g/l
What’s the sweet wine called made from soleo process and unfortified in Malaga DO?
Vino de uvas pasificadas dulce (pasificadas葡萄干)
What’s the mistel style wine called in Malaga?
Vino Maestro
Which styles can be produed for Vino de licor in Malaga?
Both dry and sweet styles.
1) Sweet from sun-dried grapes: vino tierno;
2) Fortified before fermentation: vino maestro=mistela
3) Fortified parcially fermented juice/during fermentation: vino dulce natural.
Can Malaga DO produce dry wines?
Yes
Can Sierras de Malaga DO produce sweet wine?
Yes, but mainly dry wines.
What’s the late harvest wine called in Malaga?
Vino de uvas sobremaduradas, unfortified.
What’s the difference between Vino dulce natural and Vino naturalmente dulce of Malaga?
Vino dulce natural: fortification occurs during fermentation, it’s fortified partially fermented juice.
Vino naturalmente duclce: overripe Pedro Ximénez or the Moscatels and is unfortified.
What’s arrope?What’s Pantomima?
Syrupy boiled-down must to sweeten or add color to Malaga wines.
Pantomima is further concentrated arrope.
Name 3 terms for sugar level and color indications are given to sweetened or blended Málaga wines?
Arrope: syrupy boiled-down must;
Pantomima:further concentrated arrope;
Vino borracho/drunk wine: a fortifying agent consisting of both wine and spirit.
What are the aging requirements for vinos de licor of Málaga DO?
Pálido: no aging requirement
Noble: mini 2-3years in oak
Añejo: mini 3-5years in oak
Transañejo: 5years or longer
Name the 3 subzones of Granada?
Contraviesa-Alpujarra, Geoparque-Norte, Poniente
Where is Contraviesa-Alpujarra?
It’s the subregion in Granada DO
What’s the major grape variety for the sparkling produced from Contraviesa-Alpujarra? How many % min.?
Mini. 70% of Vijiriego (white grape)
Which types of wine can be produced in Granada?
Blanco, Rosado, Tinto, Espumoso, sweet
Where is Granada?
J
ust east of Málàga
When was Granada promoted from VCIG to DO?
2021
Name the four major islands in Balearic Islands from west to east? Which island contains DO?
Ibiza, Formentera, Mallorca, Menorca;
Mallorca contains DOs.
Which is the the capital city of Mallorca?
Palma de Mallorca
Where is Palma? And La Palma?
Palma is the capital city of Mallorca island within Balearic Islands;
La Palma is one of the major islands in Canary Islands
Where is Pla i Llevant?
Mallorca island, Balearic Islands
In which island is Binissalem located?
Mallorca island, Balearic Islands
Where is Hereus de Ribas? When was it founded?
In Binissalem, Balearic Island, 1711
Name the oldest winery in Balearic Island? When was it founded?
Hereus de Ribas, in 1711
Which was the first DO of Balearic Island? When was it established?
Binissalem, in 1991
What’s the climate in Balearic/Baleares Islands?
Mediterranean climate, cooler summers than mainland Spain
Name the two DOs in Balearic (Baleares) Islands?
Binissalem, Pla i Llevant
Which types of wine are produced in Binissalem?
Blanco, Rosado, Tinto, Espumoso
Which is the most prized indigenous red grape variety in Binissalem?
Manto Negro
Which is the most prized indigenous white grape variety in Binissalem?
Moll (also called Prensal Blanc)
What’s the synonym of Moll?
Prensal Blanc
What’s the white wine made from in Binissalem DO?
Min 50% Moll or 50% Moscatel (either Grano Menudo or de Alejandria).
What does “Pla” mean?
plain
Where is the grape Fogoneu native to? Red or white?
Pla i Llevant; Red.
Where is Moll mostly planted in Spain?
Balearic Islands
Which types of wine are produced in Pla i Llevant?
Blanco, Rosado, Tinto, Espumoso, Vi di Licor (fortified)
Which are the dominant grape varieties in Pla i Llevant?
Merlot, Cab S, Chardonnay
What does Canary sack refer to?
Fortified Malvasia produced from Canary Islands, called by the British
Where are Canary Islands? Belong to which country?
Just 100km west of Morocco, belongs to Spain.
Which wine producing Islands are located to the south of Madeira?
Canary Islands
Name the most southerly major winegrowing region in the Northern Hemisphere?
Canary Islands
What’s the latitude of Canary Islands?
28th parallel
Which geographical element is important for Canary Islands?
Elevation (due to it’s very low latitude)
What’s the highest elevation of Canary vineyards?
1500m
Which island does not carry its own DO in Canary Island?
Fuerteventura
What’ s the soil type of Canary Islands?
Volcanic
Name the 7 islands in Canary (from west to east)?
La Palma, La Gomera, El Hierro, Tenerife, Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura, Lanzarote
Name the 11 DO’s in Canary Island?
Abona DO (Tenerife), El Hierro DO, Gran Canaria DO, La Gomera DO, La Palma DO
Lanzarote DO, Tacoronte-Acentejo DO, Valle de Güímar DO, Valle de la Orotava DO,
Ycoden-Daute-Isora DO
Name the VC in Canary Island?
Islas Canarias VC
What’s the synonym of Palomino in Canary Islands?
Listán Blanco
Which is the most planted grape variety in Canary Island?
Listán Blanco (Palomino)
What’s the style of Lisán Blanco in Canary Islands?
Semi-aromatic dry whites of medium body, with a subtle nutty and savory profile.
What’s the synonym of Listan Blanco?
Palomino
Which native red grape is most planted in Canary Islands?
Listán Negro
What’s the synonym of Marmajuelo? Where is it native to?
Bermejuela, native to the Canary Islands.
What’s the synonym of Tinta Negra in Canary and Andalucia? Where is it native to?
Negramoll, native to Andalucia.
What’s the synonym of Trousseau in Portugal and Canary Islands?
Portugal: Bastardo
Canary Islands: Tintilla
What’s the synonym of Vijariego Negro?
Sumoll
What styles of wine are produced in Canary Islands?
White, rose, red, sparklings, fortified and unfortified sweet wines.
What does “suertes” mean?
Tiny plots, in Canary Islands (Tenerfie)
What are the tiny plots called in Tenerife island?
suertes
Where is Tenerife?
One of the islands in Canary
How does Mount Teide affect the climate in Tenerife?
It’s located on the northern part of Tenerife, creats a short rain shadow effect on the island, block the wind and humidity from the north, make the southern part of the island hot and dry
Which is the tallest peak in Spain? How many meters high?
Mount Teide, 3718m
Where is Mount Teide?
At the center of Tenerife Island within Canary Islands
Which is the largest DO in Canary Islands?
Tenerife
Which island in Canary holds multiple DOs?
Tenerife
Name the 5 DOs in Tenerife?
North: Tacoronte-Acentejo, Valle de la Orotava, Ycoden-Daute-Isora (northest to south west)
South: Valle de Güímar (middle-east), Abona (southern most)
Which is the oldest and largest DO in Tenerife?
Tacoronte-Acentejo
Where is Tacoronte-Acentejo?
DO in Tenerife island of Canary
What’s the elevations of each DO: Tacoronte-Acentejo DO, Valle de la Orotava DO, Ycoden-Daute-Isora DO, Valle de Güímar DO?
Tacoronte-Acentejo: 1000m
Valle de la Orotava: 200-800m
Ycoden-Daute-Isora: 1000m
Valle de Güímar DO: 800 and 1,400 meters
What are the most planted grape varieties in each DO of Tenerife? Which DO is dominated by reds?
Tacoronte-Acentejo: loamy topsoil with volcanic subsoil, reds, Listán Negro and Negramoll.
Valle de la Orotava: clay, Listán Blanco and Listán Negro.
Ycoden-Daute-Isora: sandier, Listán Blanco (70% of the DO planting)
Valle de Güímar: south, coastal, drier conditions, Listán Blanco.
Abona: Listán Blanco most planted, with Listán Negro
Where are the Europe’s highest vineyards located? How many meters high?
In Abona DO - southern most part of Tenerife island within Canary in Spain
1600m
What are the most important white and red grapes in Canary Island?
Listán Blanco and Listán Negro
What’s the subzone of Tacoronte-Acentejo DO?
Anaga
Where is Anaga?
Subzone of Tacoronte-Acentejo.
What’s Mosto de Uva Parcialmente Fermentado? Which DO of Tenerife produced this type of wine?
Partically fermented grape juice;
Valle de Güímar DO
What’s ceniza?
The black volcanic topsoil in Lanzarote island of Canary, from the ash and lava of a six-year eruption from the 1730s
What’s the soil in Lanzarote?
Ceniza: black volcanic topsoil
Name the furthest east of Canary Islands?
Lanzarote
Which region’s vineyards is frequently likened to a moonscape?
Lanzarote Island in Canary
What are the vine training system in Lanzarote?
Hoyo or zanjas
What’s zanjas ?
A series of linear trenches沟槽 protected by stones for younger vines, in Lanzarote Island.
What does hoyo mean? What does it refer to for wines?
Pit坑, the creative practices for cultivating grapes in Lanzarote, vines are rooted in pits which are deep enough that can carry sufficient water for the vines, and also protect the vines from the winds
Where is Timanfaya National Park?
Occupies the center west of Lanzarote
Name the 3 subzones of Timanfaya National Park area of Lanzarote?
La Geria (south), Masdache, Ye-Lajares (north)
Which subzone of Lanzorote is most often found Hoyos, has the widest spacing and lowest densities?
La Geria
Name the most important grape varieties in Lanzarote?
Listán Blanco, Malvasía, Listán Negro, Negramoll
Which types of wine are known for Lanzarote? From which grape varieties?
Historic sweet wines both fortified and unfortified
Moscatel or Malvasia
Where is El Hierro?
Western most DO of Canary
Which is the westernmost island of Canary?
El Hierro
Where is La Palma?
DO island in Northwest Canary Islands.
Name the 3 subzones of La Palma?
Fuencaliente (south and center east): best white of the island, Malvasía Volcánica
Hoyo de Mazo (center west), reds
Norte de la Palma (north)
Which are the most widely planted grape varieties in La Palma?
Listán Blanco for white and Negramoll for red
Where is Sabro planted?
La Palma island of Canary
Which grape variety is only produced in La Palma island nowhere else in the world?
Sabro (white grape)
What’s the most distinctive product from La Palma?
Vino de Tea
What’s “vino de tea” ?
A rancio style wine aged in 500-liter pine casks in La Palma island of Canary
What’s the most planted grape variety and indigenous specialty in La Gomera?
Forastera Blanca (unrelated to Forastera in Italy’s Campania)
Where is La Gomera?
DO island of Canary
Where is Gran Canaria?
DO island in Canary (center southern island)
What’s the synonym of Listán Negro in Gran Canaria?
Negro Común
Which DO was absorbed into Gran Canaria DO?
Monte Lentiscal
What’s the tinto del monte in Gran Canaria?
Mountain wines made from Listán Negro
What’s the sweet often fortified wines made from in Gran Canaria?
Malvasía and Moscatel
Name the VC of Canary Islands?
Islas Canarias VC
Which DO of Catalonia produce all styles of wine, except unfortified sweet?
Alella, Pla de Bages, Conca de Barbera, Terra Alta:
still, fortified(mistela, rancio, VDN), semi-sparkling, sparkling
Which DO of Catalonia produce all styles of wine ?
Tarragona: still, fortified-4, sweet, semi-sparkling, sparkling
Which DO’s of Catalonia produce both Garnatxa and Moscatell fortified wines?
Emporda and Tarragona
Which DO’s of Catalonia produce fortified Moscatell and their specific names?
Emporda: Moscatell de l’Emporda
Tarragona: Moscatell de Tarragona
Which DO’s of Catalonia produce fortified Garnatxa and the specific names?
Emporda: Garnatxa de l’Emporda
Montsant: Garnatxa de Montsant
Tarragona: Garnatxa de Tarragona
Terra Alta: Vino Garnacha
Which DO’s of Catalonia produce all these styles of fortified wines (Mistela, Rancio, VDN)?
Which DO produce mistela and Rancio but not VDN?
1)Alella, Pla de Bages, Conca de Barbera, Priorat, Montsant, Terra Alta.
2)Tarragona (mistela, rancio)
Which DOs of Catalonia produce unfortified sweet wine? What are the specific styles?
Penedes: Vino Dulce de Uva Sobremadurada (sweet from overripe grapes), Vino Dulce de Frio.
Tarragona: Vimblanc (from overripe grapes).
Which styles of wine are produced in all DO’s of Catalonia?
Still white, red, rose, Fortified wine
Which DO of Catalonia produceVino Dulce de Frio/ice wine?
Penedes
Which DO of Catalonia produce Vimblanc?
Tarragona (unfortified overripe grapes)
Montsant (100% Pansa fortified)
Which DO of Catalonia produce Brisado/orange wine?
Tarragona
Which DO in Catalonia do not produce sparkling wine?
Catalunya produce semi-sparkling, Priorat and Montsant do not produce sparkling at all.
Other DO’s all produced both semi-sparkling and sparkling.
Which DO of Catalonia only have Garnatxa Negre as recommended red grape?
Alella
Which DO’s of Catalonia do not have international grapes as recommended varieites?
Emporda, Alella, Terra Alta
Which DO of Catalonia only have Garnatxa Negre and Carinyena as recommended red grape?
Emporda, Terra Alta
Which DO of Catalonia only produce still and fortified wines?
Priorat and Montsant
In which DO’s of Catalonia, Ull de Llebre is not recommended grape?
Emporda, Alella, Terra Alta
In which DO’s of Catalonia, Carinyena is not recommended red grape?
Alella, Pla de Bages, Penedes (all rest DO’s produce Carinyena as recommened grape)
Which DO of Catalonia produce Pinot Noir?
6: Catalunya, Penedes, Conca de Barbera, Coster del Segre, Priorat, Tarragona
In which DO of Catalonia, Garnatxa Blanca is not the principal/authorized grape for white?
Pla de Bages (Macabeu, Picapoll, Parellada, Chardonnay instead)
Are all DO’s of Catalonia produce Garnatxa Negre?
Yes
Which DO of Catalonia produce Picapoll?
Pla de Bages, Priorat
Which DO’s of Catalonia produce Subirat Parent?
Penedes, Costers del Segre, Tarragona
Which DO of Catalonia produce good Trepat wine?
Conca de Barbera
Which DO of Catalonia produce Sumoll?
Pla de Bages, Tarragona
Which types of wine can be produced in Priorat?
Blanco, Rosado, Tinto, Rancio, Mistela, VDN (must weight 320g/l)
Are all DO of Aragon can produce seco, semisecco, semidulce, dulce still wines for three colors?
Yes
Are all DO’s of Aragon can produce still, semi-sparkling, sparkling, fortified, sweet wines?
Yes
Which DO of Aragon produce carbonic maceration wine?
Cariñena DO
What are the grape varieties for Vino de Licor of Cariñena DO?
Moscatel de Alejandría, Garnacha Tinta, and Macabeo only
What are the common grape varieties for all four DO’s of Aragon: Compo de Borja, Calatayud, Cariñena, Somontano?
Blanco: Macabeo, Garnacha Blanca, Chardonnay
Tinto: Garnacha Tinta, Tempranillo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah
Which DO of Aragon do not produce Mazuelo as principle variety?
Somontano
Which DO of Aragon produce Verdejo as principle varieties?
Campo de Borja
Which DO of Aragon do not produce Sauvignon Blanc?
Carinena
Which DO of Aragon produce Moscatel grapes?
Campo de Borja and Calatayud
Which DO of Aragon produce Gewurztraminer?
Calatayud, and Somontano
Which DO of Aragon produce Riesling?
Somontano
Which DO of Aragon produce Alcañón? what’s its color?
Somontano, white.
Which DO of Aragon produce Bobal?
Calatayud
Which DO of Aragon produce Pinot Noir?
Somontano
